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Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles
An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of
Intermolecular_force
Cohesive force between species
induced dipole bonds or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically
London_dispersion_force
Interactions between groups of atoms that do not arise from chemical bonds
force (sometimes van der Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules and one of the category of intermolecular force
Van_der_Waals_force
Type of atomic bonding
atoms making up a molecule. Intramolecular forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that govern the interactions between molecules. The classical
Intramolecular_force
Digital camera feature
This kind of dust is attracted by intermolecular force. Liquid also adheres to the image sensor by intermolecular force and such molecules adhere strongly
Dust_reduction_system
Concept on molecular modeling
originate from interactions of induced and "instantaneous" dipoles (see Intermolecular force). The original Fritz London theory of these forces applies only in
Force_field_(chemistry)
Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements
of oganesson are uncertain. The intermolecular force between noble gas atoms is the very weak London dispersion force, so their boiling points are all
Noble_gas
Welding process in which joining occurs without melting or heating the interface
System for producing precision lengths by stacking components Intermolecular force – Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring
Cold_welding
State of matter
gases. A liquid is composed of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular bonds of intermediate strength. These forces allow the particles to
Liquid
Physical property of a powder
on many traits: the shape and size of the powder particles due to intermolecular force, porosity electrostatic activity hygroscopy bulk density angle of
Flowability
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
experience when "pushing" or "pulling" ordinary material objects result from intermolecular forces between individual molecules in our bodies and in the objects
Electromagnetism
Topics referred to by the same term
Design Festival, annual UK arts event London dispersion force, type of intermolecular force Loss development factor in insurance pricing Luc de Fougerolles
LDF
Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance
S2CID 96812603. Park, Soo-Jin; Seo, Min-Kang (1 January 2011). "Intermolecular Force". Interface Science and Technology. 18: 1–57. Bibcode:2011IntST.
Colloid
constant, can be expressed in terms of the parameters of the intermolecular attractive force. Equivalently, if μ ′ {\displaystyle \mu '} is a known viscosity
Temperature dependence of viscosity
Temperature_dependence_of_viscosity
Subdiscipline of chemistry and physics
Physics ChemPhysChem Molecular Physics (journal) Physics portal Intermolecular force Molecular dynamics Quantum chemistry Solid-state physics or Condensed
Chemical_physics
State of matter
one another. A solid can withstand a shearing force due to the strength of these sticky intermolecular forces. A fluid will continuously deform when subjected
Gas
Physical phenomenon
the lower free energy conformation is usually a result of a weaker intermolecular force between self-assembled moieties and is essentially enthalpic in nature
Self-assembly of nanoparticles
Self-assembly_of_nanoparticles
Standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel
smoothly. In general, branched compounds with a higher intermolecular force (e.g., London dispersion force for iso-octane) will have a higher octane rating
Octane_rating
Private day school in Reigate, Surrey, England
understanding of the spectra of organic molecules, the theory of Intermolecular force and to the construction of Potential energy surface Andy Paul, CEO
Reigate_Grammar_School
Correction factor which describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior
truncation is assumed, the compressibility factor is linked to the intermolecular-force potential φ by: Z = 1 + 2 π N A V m ∫ 0 ∞ ( 1 − exp ( φ k T ) )
Compressibility_factor
Topics referred to by the same term
Inframammary fold, in anatomy Initial mass function, in stellar astronomy Intermolecular force, non-bonding electrostatic forces between molecules Interplanetary
IMF_(disambiguation)
and have useful mechanical properties at high temperatures. intermolecular force Any force that mediates interaction between molecules, e.g. electromagnetic
Glossary_of_chemistry_terms
American German physicist (1900–1954)
dispersion force is the only intermolecular force, and is responsible for their existence in liquid and solid states. For polar molecules, this force is one
Fritz_London
Electromagnetic phenomenon
molecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a polar molecule. See Intermolecular force § Dipole–dipole interactions. Instantaneous dipoles These occur due
Dipole
Measure of positive and negative charges
molecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a polar molecule. See Intermolecular force § Dipole–dipole interactions. Instantaneous dipoles These occur due
Electric_dipole_moment
Subfield of materials science concerned with polymers
of molecules having small molecular mass connected by an unknown intermolecular force. Hermann Staudinger was the first to propose that polymers consisted
Polymer_science
context of chemistry and molecular modelling, the Interface force field (IFF) is a force field for classical molecular simulations of atoms, molecules
Interface_force_field
Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior
treat fluids as being composed of molecules with finite size and with intermolecular interactions. The equation is named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik
Van_der_Waals_equation
Gas compressed and stored in cylinders
at standard temperature and pressure with some variation due to intermolecular force and molecule size compared to an ideal gas. Normal high pressure
Bottled_gas
Artificial dry adhesives
distance between the two surfaces. We find that the intermolecular force, or the van der Waals force in this case between two surfaces is greatly dominated
Synthetic_setae
American chemist (born 1940)
over a broad front. His early works focused on developing pragmatic intermolecular force fields to be used in computer simulation Monte Carlo and molecular
Michael_L._Klein
Model of intermolecular interactions
yet realistic intermolecular interactions. The Lennard-Jones potential is often used as a building block in molecular models (a.k.a. force fields) for more
Lennard-Jones_potential
van der Waals: was one of the first to postulate an intermolecular force: the van der Waals force. 1873: Frederick Guthrie discovers thermionic emission
Timeline of scientific discoveries
Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
Class of devices for nanoscale functionality
Williams, O. A.; Patel, R. J.; Haenen, K. (2006). "Residual stress, intermolecular force, and frictional properties distribution maps of diamond films for
Nanoelectromechanical_systems
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution
Atomic_force_microscopy
Topics referred to by the same term
Normal force, exerted reactionally back on the acting body by the compressive, tensile or shear stress within the recipient body Intermolecular forces
Resistive_force
Dutch physicist (1837–1923)
the first to postulate an intermolecular force, however rudimentary, such a force is now sometimes called a Van der Waals force. A second major discovery
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals
Study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure
Stacking in "free" nucleic acid molecules is mainly contributed by intermolecular force, specifically electrostatic attraction among aromatic rings, a process
Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics
Movement of molecules into a defined arrangement without outside influence
Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014-10-31). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113
Molecular_self-assembly
Chemical compound
the intermolecular tin-chlorine distance was determined to be 343.3 pm. This value shows that dimethyltin dichloride has a strong intermolecular force due
Dimethyltin_dichloride
Type of microscopy using a physical probe
Liljeroth, Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy
Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy (bimodal AFM) is an advanced atomic force microscopy technique characterized by generating high-spatial resolution maps
Bimodal atomic force microscopy
Bimodal_atomic_force_microscopy
Molecular property
cause adhesion and cohesion can be divided into several types. The intermolecular forces responsible for the function of various kinds of stickers and
Adhesion
Interaction potential
between particles on the atomic level. It is mostly used for describing intermolecular interactions, but at times also for modeling intramolecular interaction
Mie_potential
Type of chemical bond
observed. Noncovalent bonding Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Van der Waals force Intermolecular force Slip bond Bell GI (May 1978). "Models for the specific adhesion
Catch_bond
Intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen donor-and-acceptor pair
Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014-10-31). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113
Hydrogen_bond
Physical constant related to Van der Waals interactions
the retarded regime, and the result is a Casimir–Polder force. Hamaker theory Intermolecular forces van der Waals Forces Hamaker, H. C. (1937). "The London
Hamaker_constant
Harvard University Diffusion constant of simple liquids in terms of intermolecular force potential Clifford S. Garner University of California, Los Angeles
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1959
List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1959
Accumulation and adhesion of molecules to a surface without penetration
major driving forces behind protein adsorption include: surface energy, intermolecular forces, hydrophobicity, and ionic or electrostatic interaction. By knowing
Protein_adsorption
Computational chemistry software
molecular clusters. The NEMO procedure for creating intermolecular force fields for MC/MD simulations; these force fields include electrostatics, induction, dispersion
MOLCAS
Drug Delivery Reviews, 61(2), 158–171. Israelachvili, J. N. (2011). Intermolecular and Surface Forces. Academic Press. Dimitriadis, E. K. et al. (2002)
Stefan_adhesion
Cancer treatment
nanomaterials can be classified into three categories: chemical bonding, intermolecular force, and physical encapsulation. These loading mechanisms allow the drug
PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery
PH-responsive_tumor-targeted_drug_delivery
Method of microscopy which measures chemical bonding between the probe and surface
COOH/COOH, COOH/CH3, and CH3/CH3 interactions, respectively. Roughly, intermolecular bond energies can be calculated by: E b o n d = k T B , {\displaystyle
Chemical_force_microscopy
Type of atomic force microscopy
Sampling in contact mode relies upon intermolecular forces between the tip and surface as depicted by Van der Waals force. As the sampling begins, the tip
Photoconductive atomic force microscopy
Photoconductive_atomic_force_microscopy
Intermolecular force - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) - interphase - intracisternal A-particle gene - Intramolecular force
Index of biochemistry articles
Index_of_biochemistry_articles
Tendency of a substance to vaporize
molecules are what holds materials together, and materials with stronger intermolecular forces, such as most solids, are typically not very volatile. Ethanol
Volatility_(chemistry)
Ilya Prigogine Indium Infrared spectroscopy Inorganic chemistry Intermolecular force International Temperature Scale International Union of Pure and Applied
Index_of_chemistry_articles
Type of hydrogel
by which hydrogels are crosslinked. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction. Hydrogen bonds
Self-healing_hydrogels
Property of substances whose particles stick together
molecule allows it to align with adjacent molecules through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, rendering the bulk liquid cohesive. Van der Waals
Cohesion_(chemistry)
Resistance of a fluid to shear deformation
which provides a statistical description of a dilute gas in terms of intermolecular interactions. The technique allows accurate calculation of μ {\displaystyle
Viscosity
Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces
liquefied carbon fiber, or in biological cells. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. If the diameter
Capillary_action
bodies which does not assume pairwise additivity of the individual intermolecular forces; that is to say, the theory takes into account the influence
Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force
Lifshitz_theory_of_van_der_Waals_force
1088/0022-3700/3/11/008. Good, Robert J. (1970). "New Combining Rule for Intermolecular Distances in Intermolecular Potential Functions". The Journal of Chemical Physics
Combining_rules
Measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation
hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured
Hardness
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
particles increases, they start moving faster and faster, weakening the intermolecular forces between them and therefore expanding the substance. When a substance
Thermal_expansion
Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material
macroscopic forces are actually the net result of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the particles in those molecules. Stress
Stress_(mechanics)
Equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas
the kinetic theory of ideal gases, one can consider that there are no intermolecular attractions between the molecules, or atoms, of an ideal gas. In other
Ideal_gas_law
Chemical compound
Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014-10-31). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic_diimide
Effective force in molecular and colloidal systems
mixture the origin of depletion forces is necessarily entropic. If the intermolecular potentials also include repulsive and/or attractive terms, and if the
Depletion_force
Scientific instruments
1103/PhysRevLett.63.1233. PMID 10040510. Thirunamachandran, T. (1980-06-10). "Intermolecular interactions in the presence of an intense radiation field". Molecular
Optical_tweezers
Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
gas phase, increasing the vapor pressure. Thus, liquids with strong intermolecular interactions are likely to have smaller vapor pressures, with the reverse
Vapor_pressure
Group of chemical compounds from fungi
proteasome. The Beta-hydroxyl aliphatic tail's structure utilizes the intermolecular force of van der Waals forces when interacting hydrophobic regions of protein
Fellutamide
Size of an atom's imaginary sphere representing how close other atoms can get
page) van der Waals force van der Waals molecule van der Waals strain van der Waals surface Rowland RS, Taylor R (1996). "Intermolecular nonbonded contact
Van_der_Waals_radius
Polymer with rubber-like elastic properties
viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus (E) and high failure strain compared
Elastomer
Solid consisting of discrete molecules
700–900 kJ mol−1), and network solids (covalent bonds, 150–900 kJ mol−1). Intermolecular interactions typically do not involve delocalized electrons, unlike
Molecular_solid
Use of classical mechanics to model molecular systems
compensation of errors in pairwise-additive empirical force fields: comparison of AMBER intermolecular terms with rigorous DFT-SAPT calculations". Phys. Chem
Molecular_mechanics
Adhesion between materials due to intermolecular interactions
adhesion which attributes attractive forces between two materials to intermolecular interactions between molecules of each material. This mechanism is widely
Dispersive_adhesion
hole Intermittency Intermodulation Intermodulation interference Intermolecular force Internal conversion Internal conversion coefficient Internal energy
Index_of_physics_articles_(I)
The Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) is a scientific instrument which measures the interaction force of two surfaces as they are brought together and retracted
Surface_forces_apparatus
Separation of electric charge in a molecule
other out by symmetry. Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties
Chemical_polarity
Aspect of computational chemistry
using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods. The models describe intermolecular forces between water molecules and are determined from quantum mechanics
Water_model
Designing solid structures with tailored properties
solid-state structures with desired properties through deliberate control of intermolecular interactions. It is an interdisciplinary academic field, bridging solid-state
Crystal_engineering
Association of atoms to form chemical compounds
covalent bonds that hold the molecules internally together. Such weak intermolecular bonds give organic molecular substances, such as waxes and oils, their
Chemical_bond
Chemical bond effect
forces involve electrostatic and anion-induced polarized interactions. This force allows for the systems to be used as receptors and channels in supramolecular
Pi-interaction
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
from the phenomena of capillarity"), in which he proposed a model of intermolecular attraction that he afterwards disavowed as worthless, was published
Albert_Einstein
Aggregation of non-polar molecules in aqueous solutions
number of hydrophobic side chains exposed to water is the principal driving force behind the folding process, although formation of hydrogen bonds within
Hydrophobic_effect
Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface
differential strength of intermolecular interactions with the surface. The degree of wetting, or wettability, is dependent on the force balance between adhesive
Wetting
Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs when a surface is created. In solid-state physics
Surface_energy
Net attractive interaction involving one of the pnictogen elements
donor systems into a range of systems exploiting the formation of weak intermolecular interactions for a range of applications. PnB donors have been demonstrated
Pnictogen_bond
Currently unrealized ability
Johann; Wendland, Martin (October 2023). "On the history of key empirical intermolecular potentials". Fluid Phase Equilibria. 573 113876. Bibcode:2023FlPEq.57313876F
Potential
Molecule interaction model
(disambiguation) van der Waals force van der Waals molecule van der Waals radius van der Waals strain Rowland RS, Taylor R (1996). "Intermolecular nonbonded contact
Van_der_Waals_surface
Phenomenon of the material world
electric, magnetic, or gravitational) or derived interactions (e.g., intermolecular interactions or friction). Phaenomenon is a word of Greek origin (φαινομενον)
Physical_phemomenon
Association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute
(mol/L), etc.[citation needed] Solvation involves different types of intermolecular interactions: Hydrogen bonding Ion–dipole interactions The van der Waals
Solvation
Physics applied to chemical systems
that physical chemistry strives to understand include the effects of: Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials (plasticity
Physical_chemistry
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113w2104C. doi:10.1063/1.5053884. S2CID 125130534. "Intermolecular bonding – van der Waals forces". Archived from the original on 22 January
Periodic_table
Technology with features near one nanometer
specific configuration or arrangement is favored due to non-covalent intermolecular forces. The Watson–Crick basepairing rules are a direct result of this
Nanotechnology
1021/la0016266. ISSN 0743-7463. Leckband, Deborah; Israelachvili, Jacob (2001). "Intermolecular forces in biology". Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. 34 (2). Cambridge
Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion
Interbilayer_forces_in_membrane_fusion
Sub-discipline of civil engineering
viscous-related forces so it is assumed to act as an ideal fluid. The intermolecular cohesive forces in a fluid are not great enough to hold fluid together
Hydraulic_engineering
Forms which matter can take
that the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular (or interatomic or interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules
State_of_matter
Physical model of intermolecular interactions
In theoretical chemistry, the Buckingham potential is a model of intermolecular interactions based on pair potentials developed by Richard Buckingham.
Buckingham_potential
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INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sumpter.Fort Sumter, SC, was named in honor of Thomas Sumter, known as the ‘Gamecock of the Revolution’ for the fear he inspired in the British and Tory forces and the pivotal role he played in key American victories. Born in 1734 near Charlottesville, VA, he was of Welsh heritage; his ancestors probably emigrated to America in the late 17th century.
Boy/Male
Indian
God of force
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hain 1–3.Isaac Hayne (1745–81) was an American revolutionary militia officer, executed by the British for breaking parole. He owned an ironworks and was manufacturing ammunition for the American forces when he was caught. His grandfather had emigrated from England to SC in about 1700.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a summoner, an official who was responsible for ensuring the appearance of witnesses in court, Middle English sumner, sumnor.William Sumner came to Dorchester, MA, from England in about 1635. His descendants include U.S. Senator Charles Sumner, a major force in the struggle to end slavery, who was born in 1811 in Boston.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fosse. There has been some confusion with northwestern English force in the sense of ‘waterfall’, it is possible that the surname may also have arisen as a topographic name for someone living by a waterfall.French : topographic name for someone who lived by a fortress or stronghold, Old French force, Late Latin fortia, a derivative of fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort). There are several places named with this word (for example in Aude, and baronial lands in the Dordogne), and it may also be a habitational name from any of these.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a wool or flax comber, Middle English kem(be)stere (an agent derivative of Old English cemban ‘to comb’). Although this was originally a feminine form of the masculine kembere, by the Middle English period the suffix -stre had lost its feminine force, and the term was used to refer to both sexes. Compare Baxter, Brewster, Dexter.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : name of a clan associated with Caithness, derived from the Old Norse personal name Gunnr (or the feminine form Gunne), a short form of any of various compound names with the first element gunn ‘battle’.Scottish : sometimes an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Gille Dhuinn ‘son of the servant of the brown one’ (see Dunn). (According to Woulfe a name of the same form also existed in Sligo, Ireland.)English : metonymic occupational name for someone who operated a siege engine or cannon, perhaps also a nickname for a forceful person, from Middle English gunne, gonne ‘ballista’, ‘cannon’, ‘gun’. The term originated as a humorous application of the Scandinavian female personal name Gunne or Gunnhildr.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Force.Perhaps an altered form of Dutch Voorhees.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Soul, Life force
Surname or Lastname
German, English, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German, English, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hamer, Yiddish hamer, a metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of hammers, for example in a forge, or nickname for a forceful person.English and German : topographic name for someone who lived in an area of flat, low-lying alluvial land beside a stream, Old English hamm, Old High German ham (see Hamm) + the English and German agent suffix -er.Norwegian : variant of Hamar.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational and topographic name for someone who lived or worked in a forest (see Forrest).English : Norman French nickname or occupational name from Old French forcetier ‘cutter’, an agent noun from forcettes ‘scissors’.English : occupational name, by metathesis, from Old French fust(r)ier ‘blockmaker’ (a derivative of fustre ‘block of wood’).German (Förster) : occupational and topographic name for someone who lived and worked in a forest (see Forst).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Forst ‘forest’.
Boy/Male
Sikh
The conqueror of forces, Victorious army
Girl/Female
Indian
Force to move forward, Force
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strength, Force, Occupation
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Force.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Force to move forward, Force
Boy/Male
Sikh
Forceful
Boy/Male
Sikh
The conqueror of forces, Victorious army
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : variant spelling of Martel.Catalan : metonymic occupational name for a smith, or nickname for a forceful person, from martell ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus).
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a medieval personal name, a pet form of Martin or Marta.English and French : metonymic occupational name for a smith or a nickname for a forceful person, from Old French martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus). Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, gained his byname from the force with which he struck down his enemies in battle.Spanish and Portuguese : from Portuguese martelo, Old Spanish martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus), or an Iberianized form of the Italian cognate Martello.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
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