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Overview of internet regulation in the Republic of Turkey
Internet regulation in Turkey is primarily authorized under the Electronic Communications Law (ECL) and the Internet Act and carried out by the Information
Internet_regulation_in_Turkey
The Internet in Turkey has been available to the public since 1993, although experimentation at Ege University started in 1987. The first available connections
Internet_in_Turkey
The Turkish Internet Law, formally the Law on Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed by Means of Such Publication was
Turkish_Internet_Law
Turkish government agency
to internet service providers in the technical detail document it sent with the letter of the institution. Internet regulation in Turkey Internet in Turkey
Information and Communication Technologies Authority (Turkey)
Information_and_Communication_Technologies_Authority_(Turkey)
K. (November 2008). "Internet: restricted access- A critical assessment of Internet Content Regulation and Censorship in Turkey" (PDF). cyber-rights.org
Censorship_in_Turkey
Landscapes, circa 2010 "Turkey". Reuters Institute. Retrieved 27 May 2026. "Council of State upholds RTÜK's internet licensing regulation, says no violation
Mass_media_in_Turkey
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast
Turkey
focuses on the Internet phenomena which are accessible regardless of local internet regulations. 15.ai – A free web application launched in 2020 that uses
List_of_Internet_phenomena
to pornographic sites in Turkey is blocked. According to a presentation on the "conscious use of the Internet and secure Internet service," made by the
Pornography_in_Turkey
Overview of gambling in the Republic of Turkey
Gambling in Turkey is highly regulated. Turkey banned casinos in 1998, and it banned non-state online gambling in 2006. A state lottery (Milli Piyango)
Gambling_in_Turkey
during the Republic period of Turkey. Turkish Flag Regulation No. 2/7175 dated 28 July 1937, and Supplementary Regulation No. 11604/2 dated 29 July 1939
Flag_of_Turkey
of Twitter was ruled to be unconstitutional. Internet regulation in Turkey "Turkey shuts down TIB internet surveillance and censorship bureau - D8 News"
Presidency of Telecommunication and Communication
Presidency_of_Telecommunication_and_Communication
Turkey has an emerging free-market economy. It ranked as the 16th-largest in the world and 7th-largest in Europe by nominal GDP in 2025. It also ranked
Economy_of_Turkey
Internet country code top-level domain for Turkey
.tr is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turkey. It is administered by trABİS (under the Information and Communication Technologies
.tr
industry in Turkey encompasses high-tech program production, transmission, and coverage. The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) is Turkey's largest
Television_in_Turkey
"active neutrality", which involves state control and legal regulation of religion. Turkey's actions related with religion are carefully analyzed and evaluated
Secularism_in_Turkey
Turkey's blockage of access to Wikipedia, 2017–2020
Altiparmak (November 2008). Internet : restricted access : a critical assessment of Internet content regulation and censorship in Turkey (PDF). Imaj Kitabevi
Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey
Legal control of the internet
the Internet may become subject to regulation under the strictest national defamation laws, and would limit free speech that may be acceptable in other
Internet_censorship
Internet in China, but they must abide by the country's laws. The Central Government of China started its Internet censorship with three regulations.
Internet_censorship_in_China
Telecommunications in Turkey provides information about television, radio, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet in Turkey. The telecommunications
Telecommunications_in_Turkey
Kerem (25 November 2008). Internet: Restricted Access: A Critical Assessment of Internet Content Regulation and Censorship in Turkey. p. 41. "Government agency
Internet censorship and surveillance in Asia
Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_in_Asia
Largest city in Turkey
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, a megacity, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical center. With a population of over 15
Istanbul
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Turkey by population, which includes cities and towns that are provincial capitals or have a population
List of largest cities and towns in Turkey
List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey
2026 arrests of pro-LGBTQ+ activists in Turkey
In the early morning of 13 September 2026, prosecutors and courts in Turkey started a crackdown on LGBTQ+ advocacy groups and HIV advocacy groups, arresting
2026_Turkish_LGBTQ_raids
Laws For Spam Regulation Indonesian Government Ratified Internet Law: Death to Bloggers' Voice? SI 535/2003 in the Irish Statute Book (in Hebrew)חוק התקשורת
Email spam legislation by country
Email_spam_legislation_by_country
EU regulation on information privacy
General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), abbreviated GDPR, is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union
General Data Protection Regulation
General_Data_Protection_Regulation
Former empire (c. 1299–1922)
Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between
Ottoman_Empire
Religion in Turkey (Pew 2025 Report) Islam (95%) Other (5%) Religion in Turkey consists of various religious beliefs. Turkey is officially a secular state
Religion_in_Turkey
Islam is by far the most practiced religion in Turkey. Most Turkish people are Sunni Muslims, and most of them belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence
Islam_in_Turkey
In 2025, the Turkish gaming industry was worth around $2.2 billion, with about half of the figure coming from mobile games. Turkey’s video game revenue
Video_games_in_Turkey
Minorities in Turkey form a substantial part of the country's population, representing an estimated 25 to 28 percent of the population. Historically, in the
Minorities_in_Turkey
Single shut off mechanism for all Internet traffic
technical mechanism that enabled the Internet blackout is not currently known. In June 2016, Turkey introduced an Internet kill switch law permitting authorities
Internet_kill_switch
Peninsula of Turkey in Western Asia
(Greek: Ανατολή, Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost
Anatolia
Armed conflict between Turkey and PKK
From 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) as
Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency
Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency
Additionally, Turkish law includes reproduction of works for personal use (Article 38). The first Ottoman Empire copyright regulation was the 1850 Encumen-I
Copyright_law_of_Turkey
Administrative division of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in
Provinces_of_Turkey
Region of Turkiye
The Turkish Riviera (Turkish: Türk Rivierası), also known popularly as the Turquoise Coast, is an area of southwest Turkey encompassing the provinces of
Turkish_Riviera
2013 protests in Turkey
A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Gezi Park. The
Gezi_Park_protests
Turkic language
national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria
Turkish_language
International governance group
expanding Internet access, Internet regulation, security measures such as RPKI, and human rights. The most tangible result of the first IGF in Athens was
Internet_Governance_Forum
Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious
Demographics_of_Turkey
1932–1982 government language campaign
The Turkish language reform (Turkish: Dil Devrimi), initiated on 12 July 1932, aimed to purge the Turkish language of Arabic and Persian-derived words
Turkish_language_reform
Overview of television serials in Turkey
episode of a Turkish drama is typically between 120 and 150 minutes in length, excluding advertisements. However, this does not apply to internet series. Rapid
Turkish_television_drama
29 October 1923 event in Ankara
of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Cumhuriyetin ilanı), formally declared during a session of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 29 October 1923
Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey
Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey
The official holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of 19 March 1981 that replaced the Act 2739 of 27 May 1935. These holidays can be grouped
Public_holidays_in_Turkey
Restrictions to access on X by governments
Since the launch in 2006, X, formerly Twitter, has been subjected to Internet censorship by governments and other authorities which may take unilateral
Censorship_of_X
Ethnic group in the Republic of Turkey
minority in Turkey. According to various estimates, they compose between 15% and 25% of the population of Turkey. There are Kurds living in various provinces
Kurds_in_Turkey
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Turkey face significant challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Homosexuality
LGBTQ_rights_in_Turkey
Mobile virtual network operator
in various denominations via the major banks, in retail and petrol stations nationwide as well as online. Virgin Mobile offers users mobile internet via
Virgin_Mobile_South_Africa
Internet top-level domain generally used by or reserved for a country
(Poland), .ru (Russian Federation), .tr (Turkey) and .za (South Africa) were first registered. In 2018, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) began
Country_code_top-level_domain
Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. Turkey has also
Tourism_in_Turkey
Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with Atatürk's Reforms. It is a state-supervised system designed
Education_in_Turkey
Iran ratified the Computer Crimes Law (CCL) in 2010. The CCL established legal regulations for internet censorship. Notable provisions of the CCL include
Internet_censorship_in_Iran
Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the country held seven referendums on national level. In the first two referendums (1961 and 1982)
Referendums_in_Turkey
Individual connection to the Internet
satellite. The availability of Internet access to the general public began with the commercialization of the early Internet in the early 1990s, and has grown
Internet_access
Human rights in Turkey are governed by the 1982 Constitution, domestic law, and the international human rights agreements to which Turkey is a party. The
Human_rights_in_Turkey
the media in Turkey. With regard to the disclosure of media ownership information, Turkey has both generic company laws and specific regulations concerning
Transparency of media ownership in Turkey
Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Turkey
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
Internet Generation, and Centennials. The Pew Research Center surveyed the various terms for this cohort on Google Trends in 2019, and found that in the
Generation_Z
Terrorism in Turkey is defined in Turkey's criminal law as crimes against the constitutional order and internal and external security of the state by the
Terrorism_in_Turkey
Women in Turkey obtained full political participation rights, including the right to vote and run for office nationwide offices in 1934. Article 10 of
Women_in_Turkey
Impact of global warming on Turkey, mitigation of and adaptation to it
droughts in Turkey are the main hazards due to its climate getting hotter. The temperature has risen in the 21st century, exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) in 2025
Climate_change_in_Turkey
defined as natural heritage. Turkey accepted the convention on March 16, 1983. There are 22 World Heritage Sites in Turkey, of which 20 are cultural and
List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey
List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey
Interwar conflict in Turkey, 1919–1923
was occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. The conflict was between the Turkish Nationalists and the Allied and separatist forces
Turkish_War_of_Independence
In Turkey, air pollution kills more people than any other environmental issue. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) says 99% of the global population
Air_pollution_in_Turkey
Petroleum and petroleum products in Turkey
burnt in the country's road vehicles. Turkey is one of the world's largest users of liquefied petroleum gas, mainly as autogas. Because Turkey produces
Oil_in_Turkey
Banking sector in Turkey
Banking in Turkey is an important aspect of the financial system Turkey's dynamic economy. Banks handle the majority of money and capital market transactions
Banking_in_Turkey
Turkic ethnic group
Northern Cyprus. They generally speak the various Turkish dialects. In addition, centuries-old ethnic Turkish communities still exist across other former territories
Turkish_people
1960s. The Internet in the United States of America in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet connections in the United
Internet_in_the_United_States
Combined military forces of Turkey
The Turkish Armed Forces (TAF; Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, TSK) are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. The TAF consist of the Land Forces
Turkish_Armed_Forces
and then into the Black Sea. 147 km (25 km in Turkey) Kızılırmak 'Red River' is the longest river in Turkey, also known as the Halys River. 1,350 km Delice
List_of_rivers_of_Turkey
President of Turkey from 2007 to 2014
controversies included a law tightening internet regulation in 2013, a law increasing political control over the judiciary in 2014 designed to protect then Prime
Abdullah_Gül
Currency of Turkey
The lira (Turkish: Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey. It is also legal tender in the de facto
Turkish_lira
divide – Global disparities in regards to access to computing and information resources Great Firewall – Chinese internet regulations Internationalization and
Languages used on the Internet
Languages_used_on_the_Internet
ITU) [8] Websites of regulators in West and Central Africa West and Central African media and telecommunications regulation authorities' websites [9]
List of telecommunications regulatory bodies
List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies
Turkish land armed forces
Machine "Turkey has made a deal with the US to buy 6 Chinooks, heavy lift army copters | Business in Turkey, Imports, Exports, Regulations, Company Establishment
Turkish_Land_Forces
Sport in Turkey is governed by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, which oversees various sports federations and infrastructure. Turkey's participation in international
Sport_in_Turkey
German video game content rating organisation
Entertainment Software Self-Regulation Body) is the organisation responsible for video game ratings in Germany. In Austria, it is mandatory in the state of Salzburg
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle
Unterhaltungssoftware_Selbstkontrolle
The Turkish economic crisis (Turkish: Türkiye ekonomik krizi) is a financial and economic crisis in Turkey. It is characterized by the Turkish lira (TRY)
Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)
National symbols of Turkey are symbols used to represent the citizens of the Republic of Turkey in Turkey and around the world. The Turkish flag is the national
National_symbols_of_Turkey
Russian country code (7). "E.164 Number Ranges in use in Luxembourg" (PDF). Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation. October 2017. "Moldova Switches over to "Closed"
Telephone_numbers_in_Europe
Family of wireless network protocols
Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer networks, used globally in home
Wi-Fi
Telecommunications company in Azerbaijan
telecommunications services to over 3 million subscribers. The fastest mobile internet in Azerbaijan is provided by Bakcell. It was awarded the title of "Azerbaijan's
Bakcell
Telecommunications in Cyprus includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet, in the Republic of Cyprus. Cyta, the state-owned
Telecommunications_in_Cyprus
Crime in Turkey is combated by the Turkish police and other agencies. In 1994, the number of arrested prisoners was recorded as 38,931; 20 years later
Crime_in_Turkey
American social networking service
Brazil, and the 2013 Gezi Park protests in Turkey. The service was also used as a form of civil disobedience: In 2010, users expressed outrage over the
X_(social_network)
Production, transport and consumption of gases such as methane in Turkey
Turkey's energy. The country consumes 50 to 60 billion cubic metres of natural gas each year, nearly all of which is imported. A large gas field in the
Gas_in_Turkey
De facto state in West Asia and the Mediterranean Sea
attempt to annex the island, prompted Turkey to invade Cyprus and capture the northern third of the island. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's
Northern_Cyprus
Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan include fixed and mobile telephones and the Internet. The long-term goal of the government's information and communications
Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan
Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan
Turkey is an emerging aviation hub at the intersection of Europe with emerging markets in the Middle East, the Caucasus and Northern Africa. Turkey's
Aviation_in_Turkey
Turkey's seven physically-distinct geographical regions
geographical regions of Turkey comprise seven regions (Turkish: bölge), which were originally defined at the country's First Geography Congress in 1941. The regions
Geographical regions of Turkey
Geographical_regions_of_Turkey
Capital of Turkey
the capital city of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of over 5.3 million residents in its urban center, out
Ankara
Migrant crisis experienced by the Republic of Turkey in the 2010s
Turkey. In December 2020, the contract expired and the EU extended it until 2022, giving an extra €485 million in aid for refugees hosted by Turkey.
Turkish_migrant_crisis
Digital radio standard
from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. "OFCOM: Regulation in digital broadcasting: DAB digital radio bitrates and audio quality;
Digital_Audio_Broadcasting
Excessive internet usage that causes psychological disorders
Internet addiction disorder (IAD), also called problematic Internet use (PIU), is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges
Internet_addiction_disorder
Corruption in Turkey is an issue that affects the accession of Turkey to the European Union.[better source needed] Transparency International's Corruption
Corruption_in_Turkey
Healthcare in Turkey consists of a mix of public and private health services. Turkey introduced universal health care in 2003. Known as Universal Health
Health_care_in_Turkey
Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This
History of the Republic of Turkey
History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey
National airline of Turkey
Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı, is the flag carrier of Turkey. As of June 2024[update],
Turkish_Airlines
be done by means of dial-up Internet access to the local Internet service providers such as NetVision and Internet Gold. In 1994, Cellcom joined as the
Telecommunications_in_Israel
Pornographic video sharing website
that a vast majority of porn users will abandon the UK regulations, either by leaving UK internet space, or by abandoning online content altogether,' Hawkins
XHamster
travel, tourism, insurance
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