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Social interactions between animals belonging to different species
Non-human primates provide some of the best-documented examples of interspecific social behaviour. Primates possess sophisticated social systems and
Interspecific social behaviour in primates
Interspecific_social_behaviour_in_primates
Non-reproductive sexual behavior in non-human animals
resolution of social conflict. In a study concentrated on primate conflict resolution, researchers wanted to observe primates in conflict. How primates coped
Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals
Non-reproductive_sexual_behavior_in_animals
Order of mammals
apes). Primates arose 74–63 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals, which adapted for life in tropical forests: many primate characteristics
Primate
Form of collective animal behaviour
this behavior in wasps of the family Vespidae. This wasp behaviour demonstrates the most fundamental characteristic of animal sociality: parental investment
Sociality
Primate species
their social status. In Sabah, Malaysia, proboscis monkeys have been observed in mixed-species groups with silvery lutungs, and interspecific mating
Proboscis_monkey
Savolainen, V. (2026). "Ecological and social pressures drive same-sex sexual behaviour in non-human primates". Nature Ecology & Evolution: 3. doi:10
Homosexual behavior in animals
Homosexual_behavior_in_animals
Family of perching birds
use of tools, and group behaviour. Living in large social groups has long been connected with high cognitive ability. To live in a large group, a member
Corvidae
Genus of large African apes
wild gorilla 'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison". Behaviour. 124 (1–2): 89. Bibcode:1993Behav.124...89H. doi:10.1163/156853993X00524
Gorilla
Highest level of animal sociality a species can attain
V. R. D.; Griffith, O. W.; Oldroyd, B. P. (2010). "Interspecific and conspecific colony mergers in the dwarf honey bees Apis andreniformis and A. florea"
Eusociality
Species of great ape
Guinea". Primates. 28 (1): 133–47. doi:10.1007/BF02382192. S2CID 6641715. Goodall 1986, p. 237. Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968). "The Behaviour of Free-living
Chimpanzee
Social interaction aiming at inflicting harm or unpleasantness
Narvaes, Rodrigo (2015). "Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates". Physiology & Behavior
Aggression
Species of primate
and social behavior of man and monkey in central america. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-9832448-2-0. Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Pogonias
Panamanian white-faced capuchin
Panamanian_white-faced_capuchin
Behaviour where a mammal rubs its body against an object in their environment
communication. The behavioral aspect of scent rubbing is shown during interspecific interactions between these bears, as black bears are found to decrease
Scent_rubbing
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
et al. (January 2017). "Impending extinction crisis of the world's primates: Why primates matter". Science Advances. 3 (1) e1600946. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0946E
Mammal
Family of apes
generic and species names Symphalangus and syndactylus. Like all primates, gibbons are social animals. They are strongly territorial, and defend their boundaries
Gibbon
Species of canine
from most other social carnivorans in that males remain in the natal pack, while females disperse (a pattern also found in primates such as gorillas
African_wild_dog
infanticide in non-human primates: exploitation, resource competition, parental manipulation, sexual selection, and social pathology. Infanticide in non-human
Infanticide_in_primates
Philosophical and psychological concept
possess theory of mind by using interspecific or intraspecific communication. Several taxa have been tested including primates, birds and canines. Positive
Theory_of_mind_in_animals
Type of predatory animal
(1985). ""Conflict and Cooperation in the Group Feeding of the Social Spider" Stegodyphus mimosarum". Behaviour. 94 (1–2): 167–182. Bibcode:1985Behav
Pack_hunter
Communication between different species
Interspecies communication, interspecific communication, or heterospecific communication refers to communication among animals, plants, microorganisms
Interspecies_communication
Species of Old World monkey
and the bonobo. No viable offspring or interspecific mating occurs during its associations with other primates. In one study, Wolf's mona monkeys were found
Wolf's_mona_monkey
Genus of New World monkeys
Brian C. (September 1970). "Territorial behavior in primates: A review of recent field studies". Primates. 11 (3): 271–284. doi:10.1007/bf01793893. ISSN 0032-8332
Night_monkey
Species of New World monkey
the emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator Goeldi (Callitrichidae, Primates)", Primates, 20 (2): 277–287, doi:10.1007/BF02373379 Buchanan-Smith H.M, Hardie
Emperor_tamarin
Likelihood of a hunt ending in success
measured in humans, but due to their unnaturally high hunting success, human hunters can have a big effect on prey population and behaviour, especially in areas
Hunting_success
Voluntary, intrinsically motivated recreation
PMID 18679727. S2CID 207050813. Manohar, B. Ram; Mathur, Reena (1992). "Interspecific Play Behaviour between Hanuman Langur Presbytis entellus and Rhesus Macaque
Play_(activity)
Any social behaviour related to fighting
Agonistic behaviour is any social behaviour related to fighting, which can include aggressive behaviour, but also threats, displays, retreats, placation
Agonistic_behaviour
Bond formed between animals of different species
their family and indicate that they are easy to care for and engage in social behaviours such as allowing humans to hold, pet and play with them. Mutual affection
Interspecies_friendship
Patterns of behavior in dogs
Third-Party-Initiated Postconflict Affiliation: Do Peacemaking Social Mechanisms in Dogs Rival Those of Higher Primates?: Canine Reconciliation and Third-Party-Initiated
Calming_signals
Largest living species of dolphin
societies. Only elephants and higher primates live in comparably complex social structures. Due to orcas' complex social bonds, many marine experts have concerns
Orca
Parenting not done by the birth parents
birds, primates and mammals such as the blackbacked jackal, and African wild dogs who share in pup feeding and display 'babysitting' behaviour. Cooperative
Alloparenting
Factor affecting the spread of infectious diseases
possible social group structures. We occupy less than half of the social network structures that characterize non-human primates; however, among primates we
Sociality and disease transmission
Sociality_and_disease_transmission
Species of Old World monkey
Dunbar, R.I.M. (2007). "Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 74 (6): 1617–1629. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10
Ugandan_red_colobus
Species of bird
Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus) (Primates, Callitrichidae) e algumas aves de Mata Atlântica, Pernambuco, Brasil [Interspecific behaviour between Callithrix jacchus
Rufous-bellied_thrush
Species of Old World monkey
Retrieved 5 September 2021. Cords, Marina (1986). "Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Diet of Two Forest Guenons, Cercopithecus ascanius and
Blue_monkey
Transfer of information from animal to animal
S2CID 205979349. Dunbar, R. I. M. (2010-02-01). "The social role of touch in humans and primates: Behavioural function and neurobiological mechanisms". Neuroscience
Animal_communication
Subspecies of the eastern gorilla
of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-89-7. "Primates: gorilla facts". Archived from the original
Mountain_gorilla
Type of interaction between species
hyperparasites which may prove widely useful in both agriculture and medicine. Social parasites take advantage of interspecific interactions between members of eusocial
Parasitism
Species of Old World monkey
the Primate Pet Trade". In McKinney, T.; Waters, S.; Rodrigues, M. A. (eds.). Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes: Exploring Primate Behavioural Flexibility
Macaca_fascicularis
Large cat native to Africa and India
and Social Behaviour (2nd ed.). Echo Point Books & Media. pp. 128–138. ISBN 978-1-62654-905-0. Creel, S.; Spong, G.; Creel, N. (2001). "Interspecific competition
Lion
Species of New World monkey
feed on fungi, the only tropical primates known to choose this as a source of sustenance. They live in small social groups, of approximately six individuals
Goeldi's_marmoset
Genus of primates from Southeast Asia
strepsirrhine primates that make up the genus Nycticebus. Found in Southeast Asia and nearby areas, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west
Slow_loris
Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
originated with Japanese primatologists' discoveries of socially-transmitted food behaviours in the 1940s. Evidence for animal culture is often based on
Animal_culture
Species of New World monkey
Mesoamerican Primates". In Estrada, A.; Garber P.; Pavelka M. & Luecke, L. (eds.). New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. New York: Springer
Mantled_howler
Species of Old World monkey
villages, and urban settings. When compared with more habitat-specialized primates, this species displays a higher tolerance for habitat modification as well
Bonnet_macaque
Conscious subjective experience
Doxiadis GM, Bontrop RE, Pääbo S (April 2002). "Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns". Science. 296 (5566): 340–343. Bibcode:2002Sci
Emotion
Species of lemur
5 days and typically results in a litter of 2–6 offspring that are unable to cling to their mother, as in other primates. The female builds a nest where
Black-and-white_ruffed_lemur
Antiparasite defence mounted for the benefit of individuals other than the actor
examples from primates and eusocial insects. Cremer's definition focused on the collective benefits of behaviours and was adopted by other behavioural ecologists
Social_immunity
Species of New World monkey
investigation of ecological correlates with hand and foot morphology in callitrichid primates" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 152 (4): 447–458
Moustached_tamarin
Species of bear
pandas by interspecific pregnancy where cloned panda embryos were implanted into the uterus of an animal of another species. This has resulted in panda fetuses
Giant_panda
Species of bird
conservation of birds of prey in the Transvaal. Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 3. Pretoria. Watson, R. T., & Watson, C. (1987). Interspecific piracy between Tawny
Bateleur
Intellectual capacity of fish
Cultural transmission of predator recognition in fishes: intraspecific and interspecific learning. Animal Behaviour 51: 185-201. Chivers, D.P., and Smith, R
Fish_intelligence
Genus of mammals New World monkeys
(1991). "Female-male social interactions in wedge-capped capuchin monkeys: benefits and costs of group living". Animal Behaviour. 41 (4): 555–567. doi:10
Gracile_capuchin_monkey
Reflex
at the basis of the social asymmetry observed in contagious yawning. Two classes of yawning have been observed among primates. In some cases, the yawn
Yawn
Family of insects
PMID 31644831. Umphrey, Gary J. (2006). "Sperm parasitism in ants: selection for interspecific mating and hybridization". Ecology. 87 (9): 2148–2159. doi:10
Ant
Fetish involving sexual attraction to corpses
Pareja-Márquez, I. M. (2014). "Necrophiliac and interspecific amplexus in Dendropsophus columbianus (Anura: Hylidae) in the Central Cordillera of Colombia" (PDF)
Necrophilia
Species of Old World monkey
cristatus (Primates: Cercopithecidae)". Mammalian Species. 42 (1): 149–165. doi:10.1644/862.1. Napier, P.H. (1985). Catalogue of Primates in the British
Silvery_lutung
Species of New World monkey
infants. Food washing has been observed in non-human primates including macaques and capuchins. The primates will sometimes wash their sandy fruits and
Wedge-capped_capuchin
by non-human animals Nest-building in primates Mandal, Fatik Baran (1 January 2010). Textbook of animal behaviour. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 100. ISBN 978-81-203-4035-0
Structures_built_by_animals
Proposed mechanism of evolution
occur, including in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees, where kin selection explains the behaviour of non-reproductives
Group_selection
Species of cat native to Africa and Asia
montane areas. It is an opportunistic predator, hunting mostly ungulates and primates. It relies on its spotted pattern for camouflage as it stalks and ambushes
Leopard
India, re-dating its primate-yielding localities to 13.03–11.59 Ma and extending the known chronological range of the primates like Sivapithecus, Kapi
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Species of reptile
are the least social and most aggressive crocodilians, it still showed varies interspecific variations of gregariousness. Their social systems are dynamic
Saltwater_crocodile
Killing of young offspring by an adult animal of the same species
observed in many species throughout the animal kingdom, especially primates (primate infanticide) but including microscopic rotifers, insects, fish, amphibians
Infanticide_(zoology)
Species of bird
Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus) (Primates, Callitrichidae) e algumas aves de Mata Atlântica, Pernambuco, Brasil [Interspecific behaviour between Callithrix jacchus
Great_kiskadee
Species of mammal
wildebeest and vice versa. The differences in social behaviour and habitats have historically prevented interspecific hybridisation, but it may occur when they
Black_wildebeest
Theory in evolutionary biology
traits, including structures and behaviours, that have evolved specifically because they change the behaviour of receivers in ways that benefit the signaller
Signalling_theory
Common name for several monkey species
Cooper, G.W. (1976). "The non-human primates of Columbia". In Thorington, R.W.; Heltne, P.G. (eds.). Neotropical primates: field studies and conservation:
White-fronted_capuchin
Cognitive capacity of horses
interspécifique du cheval à l'égard de l'être humain [Interspecific social cognition of horses towards humans] (in French). Tours: Université de Tours. p. 213.
Equine_intelligence
Species of bird
Behavior Guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. Univ of California Press. Irwin, M. P. S. (1981). The Birds of Zimbabwe
African_hawk-eagle
Behaviour that increases the fitness of another while decreasing the fitness of self
Altruistic behaviours appear most obviously in kin relationships, such as in parenting, but may also be evident among wider social groups, such as in social insects
Altruism_(biology)
Searching for wild food resources
Studies in social insects have shown that there is a significant correlation between learning and foraging performance. In nonhuman primates, young individuals
Foraging
Species of primate
along branches using slow movements in search of prey. Unlike other primates, it does not leap. It lives together in small groups usually with one or two
Pygmy_slow_loris
Species of canine native to Africa
ancestors that became progressively more jackal-like in size upon populating Africa on account of interspecific competition with both larger and smaller indigenous
African_wolf
Species of Old World monkey
Moor macaques are an ideal taxon to examine interspecific diversity in play behavior among nonhuman primates. Play is an excessive, spontaneous, and self-rewarding
Moor_macaque
Medium-sized wild cat
major factors—food, predation and social interaction. A study involving statistical modelling of the interspecific relations of the snowshoe hare, the
Canada_lynx
Extinct species of human
"Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Neanderthal
Animal behavior
"Intraspecific and interspecific interactions at a mixed species roost of ciconiiformes in San Blas, Mexico". Biology of Behaviour. 1977: 309–327. Burger
Communal_roosting
Genus of dolphins in the order Cetacea
highly social and may remain with their birth pod throughout their lifetime. Short-finned pilot whales are one of the few non-primate mammal species in which
Pilot_whale
Introduced species that harms its new environment
Garrido-Pérez, Edgardo I.; Tella Ruiz, David (2016). "Homo sapiens (Primates: Hominidae): ¿una especie invasora o aún peor? Un reto para potenciar la
Invasive_species
Form of biological asymmetry
Thornhill, Randy (1992-05-01). "Fluctuating asymmetry, interspecific aggression and male mating tactics in two species of Japanese scorpionflies". Behavioral
Fluctuating_asymmetry
Family of birds
"Bamboozling interactions: interspecific associations within mixed-species bird flocks in bamboo in the Eastern Himalaya". Animal Behaviour. 233 123477. Bibcode:2026AnBeh
Laughingthrush
Species of lemur
and small invertebrates. Leaf-eating primates are rarely nocturnal, presumably because leaves are relatively low in sugars at night, since photosynthesis
Sahamalaza_sportive_lemur
Genus of antelope
wildebeest and vice versa. The differences in social behaviour and habitats have historically prevented interspecific hybridisation between the species, but
Wildebeest
Topic of study
species.[citation needed] The mechanisms of interspecific and intraspecific variation also differ. From early primates to hominids and finally to Homo sapiens
Brain_size
Concept in ethology and evolutionary biology
and van Schaik, C.P., 1997. The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 41(5), pp.291-309
Group_living
Type of computational models
number of fields including study of the social and spatial dynamics of small-scale human societies and primates. During this 1990s timeframe Nigel Gilbert
Agent-based_model
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
"Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (5): 1147–1152
Early_modern_human
Species of Old World monkey
be considered at all in most areas. The lack of concern of the road effects to primates have not only push the endangered primates into a more challenging
Moustached_guenon
Transmission of a pathogen from humans to non-human animals
switching hosts between humans and non-human primates because it has no preferences in any given primate species. It has a high potential to spill-over
Reverse_zoonosis
Species of the subfamily Alcelaphinae in the family Bovidae
ISBN 978-1-4314-0806-1. Jarman, P. J. (1974). "The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology" (PDF). Behaviour. 48 (3/4): 215–267. doi:10.1163/156853974X00345
Damaliscus_lunatus
Concept in conservation biology
Russell A. (1986). "Primate Conservation Priorities in the Neotropical Region". In Benirschke, K. (ed.). Primates. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer
Flagship_species
Species of antelope
the black wildebeest. The differences in social behaviour and habitats have historically prevented interspecific hybridisation, but it may occur when both
Blue_wildebeest
Dutchak, A. R.; Theodor, J. M. (2023). "New primates from the Eocene of Saskatchewan, Canada: Revision of the primates from the Cypress Hills Formation with
2023_in_paleomammalogy
found in southern Tibet. Whereas apes and monkeys are grouped as haplorhine or "dry nose" primates, lorises are strepsirrhine or "wet nose" primates. Lorises
Wildlife_of_China
British anthropologist and evolutionary psychologist, a specialist in primate behaviour. Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist, writer, zookeeper
List_of_biologists
Evolutionary process
(December 2009). "Interspecific profiling of gene expression informed by comparative genomic hybridization: A review and a novel approach in African cichlid
Speciation
of these primates and other animals from their guild to establish the nature of the competitive environment surrounding primate origins in North America
2018_in_paleomammalogy
Species of owl
upon multiple species of primate, although isolated incidents of predation (normally on young primates) has been reported in two to three other large
Verreaux's_eagle-owl
Discontinuities in an organism's environment causing population fragmentation
of the Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Interspecific Interactions: Forest Fragmentation and Interspecific Interactions". Conservation Biology. 28 (5):
Habitat_fragmentation
Geographical area in which a species can be found
developed complete phylogenies for mammalian carnivores and primates it has been shown that in the majority of instances threatened species are far from
Species_distribution
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INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
INTERSPECIFIC SOCIAL-BEHAVIOUR-IN-PRIMATES
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