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Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. An ion thruster creates a cloud of positive
Ion_thruster
Space propulsion system
The gridded ion thruster is a common design for ion thrusters, a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion method running on electrical power
Gridded_ion_thruster
Type of electric propulsion system
propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET, sometimes referred to as a Hall thruster or Hall-current thruster) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant
Hall-effect_thruster
Space propulsion system, a gridded electrostatic ion thruster
The NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) project at Glenn Research Center is a gridded electrostatic ion thruster about three times as powerful as the
NEXT_(ion_thruster)
Type of electric propulsion
quasi-neutral plasma. This is in contrast with ion thruster engines, which generate thrust through extracting an ion current from the plasma source, which is
Plasma_propulsion_engine
Spacecraft propulsion technology
electric thruster can be found dating back to 1959 with the studies on the propulsive fluid accumulator. In the development of atmosphere-breathing ion engines
Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion
Atmosphere-breathing_electric_propulsion
Form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion
A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster (MPDT) is a form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion which uses the Lorentz force (the force on a charged
Magnetoplasmadynamic_thruster
Topics referred to by the same term
beams of ions accelerated electrically Hall-effect thruster, a type of ion thruster Pulsed inductive thruster, a pulsed form of ion thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Thruster
Type of spacecraft propulsion using electrical energy to accelerate propellant
gridded ion engines, Hall-effect thrusters, and colloid thrusters; electromagnetic devices such as pulsed plasma thrusters, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, and
Spacecraft electric propulsion
Spacecraft_electric_propulsion
Type of electrostatic ion thruster
The Dual-Stage 4-Grid (DS4G) is an electrostatic ion thruster design developed by the European Space Agency, in collaboration with the Australian National
Dual-Stage_4-Grid
American aerospace propulsion manufacturer
demonstration on a new X3 ion thruster, which is a central part of the XR-100 system for the NextSTEP program. The X3 ion thruster was designed by the University
Aerojet_Rocketdyne
Charged-particle flow due to high electrostatic potential
relative to ground. Ion wind is an electrohydrodynamic phenomenon. Ion wind generators can also be considered electrohydrodynamic thrusters. The term "ionic
Ion_wind
Electrohydrodynamic aircraft propulsion
charge carriers. Current EHD thrusters are far less efficient than conventional engines. An MIT researcher noted that ion thrusters have the potential to be
Ion-propelled_aircraft
Ion thruster subtype
performance NEXT-C gridded ion thruster was used on the DART mission with a specific impulse of over 3100 seconds. Eight electrospray thrusters were first used in
Colloid_thruster
Prototype spacecraft propulsion engine
Like most ion propulsion devices, the HDLT is a low-thrust, high–specific-impulse (high-Isp) thruster. A prototype 15 cm diameter thruster, operated in
Helicon_double-layer_thruster
Spacecraft propulsion device
Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes Hall effect thruster, a type of ion thruster Ion thruster, using beams of ions accelerated electrically
Thrusters_(spacecraft)
Chemical or mixture used in a rocket engine
energy sources. Ion thrusters ionize a neutral gas and create thrust by accelerating the ions by electric or magnetic fields. Ion thrusters have been used
Rocket_propellant
Type of spacecraft plasma propulsion system
A pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion. It is a plasma propulsion engine using perpendicular electric
Pulsed_inductive_thruster
Propulsion system creating motion without propellant
thrusters such as the EmDrive and Cannae drive, the helical engine, Mach-effect or MEGA drives, quantum drive claims, and the quantum vacuum thruster
Reactionless_drive
Type of electric spacecraft propulsion system
(FEEP) is an advanced electrostatic space propulsion concept, a form of ion thruster, that uses a liquid metal as a propellant – usually either caesium, indium
Field-emission electric propulsion
Field-emission_electric_propulsion
Type of propulsion for spacecraft
A pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) or as a plasma jet engine (PJE), is a form of electric spacecraft propulsion. PPTs are generally considered the simplest
Pulsed_plasma_thruster
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
xenon-propelled ion thruster on a science mission, and validated a number of technologies, including the NSTAR electrostatic ion thruster, as well as performing
Dawn_(spacecraft)
2021 NASA planetary defense mission
needed to power the NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster–Commercial (NEXT-C) engine. Early tests of the ion thruster revealed a reset mode that induced higher
Double Asteroid Redirection Test
Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test
Method used to accelerate spacecraft
although a few have used electric propulsion such as ion thrusters and Hall-effect thrusters. Various technologies need to support everything from small
Spacecraft_propulsion
Electrothermal thruster in development
produce 5 N of thrust, or 40 kW/N. In contrast, the conventional NEXT ion thruster produces 0.327 N with only 7.7 kW, or 24 kW/N. Electrically speaking
Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket
Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket
Space propulsion system, electrostatic gridded ion thruster
Application Readiness (NSTAR) is a type of spacecraft ion thruster called electrostatic ion thruster. It is a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion
NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness
NASA_Solar_Technology_Application_Readiness
Beam of charged atoms (ions)
There are many ion beam sources, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by NASA in the 1960s. The most widely used ion beams are of singly-charged
Ion_beam
Change in velocity per amount of fuel
methods, such as ion thrusters, give much higher specific impulse but with much lower thrust; for example the Hall-effect thruster on the SMART-1 satellite
Specific_impulse
Type of spacecraft propulsion system
reactor is converted to electrical energy, which is used to drive an ion thruster or other electrical spacecraft propulsion technology. The nuclear electric
Nuclear_electric_rocket
electrostatic ion thruster design and was built by NASA's Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn). SERT-1 was the first spacecraft to utilize ion engine design
SERT-1
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Bussard_ramjet
Type of rocket engine
A cold gas thruster (or a cold gas propulsion system) is a type of rocket engine which uses the expansion of a (typically inert) pressurized gas to generate
Cold_gas_thruster
Proposed spacelaunch method
reach orbit. Well under a tenth of orbital velocity from a small rocket thruster is enough to raise perigee if a design prioritizes minimizing such, but
Mass_driver
High efficiency engine for space travel
or more electric thrusters, used in tandem. There are many different types of electric thrusters, including a so-called ion thruster, a term that is often
Solar_electric_propulsion
Device that generates electrical charge on a high voltage electrode
directly. Examples are ionizers and ESD guns. An electrostatic vaneless ion wind generator, the EWICON, has been developed by The School of Electrical
Electrostatic_generator
Hall-effect ion thruster
ion thruster, part of the SPT-family of thrusters. SPT stands for Stationary Plasma Thruster. It creates a stream of electrically charged xenon ions accelerated
SPT-100
Russian-made Hall effect xenon ion spacecraft thruster
a solar-powered Hall-effect ion thruster, part of the SPT-family of thrusters. SPT stands for Stationary Plasma Thruster. Like other members of the SPT
SPT-140
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
electricity include the arcjet rocket, the electrostatic ion thruster, the Hall-effect thruster, and Field Emission Electric Propulsion. Electric vehicles
Electric_vehicle
Topics referred to by the same term
National Exit Test, an exit exam for MBBS students in India NEXT (ion thruster), an ion thruster developed at NASA Glenn Research Center NExT, a mission of the
Next
Type of electric motor based on attraction and repulsion of electric charge
the spacecraft electrostatic ion drive thruster where forces and motion are created by electrostatically accelerating ions. An electrostatic motor is based
Electrostatic_motor
Physical and science fiction concept
gravity with some other force, such as electromagnetism, aerodynamic lift, or ion-propelled "lifters", which fly in the air by moving air with electromagnetic
Anti-gravity
Device claimed to be a propellantless spacecraft thruster
physics. The concept has at times been referred to as a resonant cavity thruster. Physicists and engineers generally regard the EmDrive concept as pseudoscience
EmDrive
Method of spacecraft propulsion
900 °C, specific impulse could be doubled in comparison to a cold gas thruster using the same propellant. In other words, a quadrupling of the temperature
Resistojet_rocket
Rocket driven by nuclear fusion power
electrical (e.g. ion) propulsion with electric power generated by fusion instead of direct thrust. Spacecraft propulsion methods such as ion thrusters require
Fusion_rocket
Experimental nuclear-powered US Air Force satellite
operation of a nuclear reactor in orbit, and the first operation of an ion thruster system in orbit. It is the only fission reactor power system launched
SNAP-10A
Rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Solid-propellant_rocket
High Power Electric Propulsion (HiPEP) is a variation of ion thruster for use in nuclear electric propulsion applications. It was ground-tested in 2003
High Power Electric Propulsion
High_Power_Electric_Propulsion
Chemical substance used for propulsion
positive ions accelerated using high-voltage electrodes HiPEP – using positive ions as the propellant, created using microwaves Radiofrequency ion thruster –
Propellant
Spacecraft propulsion system by NASA. 50kW Hall-effect thrusters, now for Lunar Gateway
Application Readiness – Space propulsion system, electrostatic gridded ion thruster VASIMR variable impulse electric plasma engine Overview of the Development
Advanced Electric Propulsion System
Advanced_Electric_Propulsion_System
Objects intentionally placed into orbit
change or maintain their orbit by propulsion, usually by chemical or ion thrusters. As of 2018, about 90% of the satellites orbiting the Earth are in low
Satellite
ESA/JAXA mission to study Mercury in orbit (2018–present)
Hyogo-Kobe, Japan, 4–10 July 2015 "T6 ion thruster firing". ESA. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2019. "T6 ion thrusters installed on BepiColombo". ESA. 26
BepiColombo
2013–2017 proposed NASA space mission
technologies being developed for ARM have continued, especially the ion thruster propulsion system that would have been flown on the robotic mission.
Asteroid_Redirect_Mission
Spacecraft thrusters used to provide attitude control and translation
orbit) use high-specific impulse engines such as arcjets, ion thrusters, or Hall effect thrusters. To control orientation, a few spacecraft, including the
Reaction_control_system
Type of rocket engine fuel
and reaction control thrusters: Apollo command and service module RCS, Space Shuttle OMS and RCS; Ariane 5 EPS; Draco thrusters used by the SpaceX Dragon
Hypergolic_propellant
Mechanism where confined high-speed particles confer energy to a vehicle
energy is used by an electrically powered rocket engine, such as an ion thruster or plasma propulsion engine. Usually, these schemes assume either solar
Beam-powered_propulsion
Space navigation technique
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Gravity_assist
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Single-stage-to-orbit
Liquid form of rocket propellants
Anflo, K.; Moore, S.; King, P. Expanding the ADN-based Monopropellant Thruster Family. 23rd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. SSC09-II-4
Liquid_rocket_propellant
existence of a double layer in such a thruster, even if such a double layer structure would be current-free, as both ions and electrons travel in the same
Electrodeless_plasma_thruster
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
solar sail has also been proposed to be addressed with a solar photon thruster. This also uses a reflective membrane, but unlike a conventional solar
Solar_sail
Chemical element with atomic number 55 (Cs)
Retrieved 25 January 2010. Marcucci, M. G.; Polk, J. E. (2000). "NSTAR Xenon Ion Thruster on Deep Space 1: Ground and flight tests (invited)". Review of Scientific
Caesium
Rocket engine operation method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Staged_combustion_cycle
Aerospace Engineer
sources, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, and pulsed inductive thrusters. US Patent No. 10,823,158, “Deployable Gridded Ion Thruster,” Authors: Walker, M. L
Mitchell_L.R._Walker
testing for the pressure vessel integrity, attitude control using the Draco thrusters, telemetry, guidance, navigation, control systems, and the PICA-X heat
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010–2019)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2010–2019)
Hypothetical spacecraft propulsion through continuous nuclear explosions for thrust
nuclear pulse propulsion Antimatter rocket Spacecraft electric propulsion Ion thruster Nuclear electric rocket Nuclear power in space Nuclear propulsion Nuclear
Nuclear_pulse_propulsion
their appearance in science fiction and subsequent invention, such as ion thruster. To avoid repetitions, the list excludes film adaptations of prior literature
List of existing technologies predicted in science fiction
List_of_existing_technologies_predicted_in_science_fiction
aerospace thrusters for small satellites, increasing the life of satellites and making them more affordable. The company builds gridded ion thrusters (NPT30)
ThrustMe
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
high-priority mission to explore the asteroid belt using a spacecraft with an ion thruster. Funding remained problematic for nearly a decade, but by 2004, the Dawn
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers
orbital maneuvering system (OMS) engines and Reaction control system (RCS) thrusters. SpaceX's Draco and SuperDraco engines for the Dragon spacecraft. For
Liquid-propellant_rocket
Miniature satellite in 10 cm cube modules
for use in CubeSats include Hall-effect thrusters, ion thrusters, pulsed plasma thrusters, electrospray thrusters, and resistojets. Several notable CubeSat
CubeSat
A vacuum arc thruster (VAT) is a form of electric spacecraft propulsion. It uses a vacuum arc discharge, across an insulator, between two electrodes to
Vacuum_arc_thruster
Japanese probe to asteroid and sample return (2003–2010)
MUSES-C was launched by an M-V rocket, and the probe was named "Hayabusa". Ion thruster checkout started on 27 May 2003. Full power operation started on 25 June
Hayabusa
Mobile equipment that transports people, animals or cargo
vehicles. Ion thrusters run primarily off electricity, but they also need a propellant such as caesium, or, more recently xenon. Ion thrusters can achieve
Vehicle
Emission of surface atoms through energetic particle bombardment
energetic ions collide with atoms of a target material, an exchange of momentum takes place between them. These ions, known as "incident ions", set off
Sputtering
Nuclear spacecraft propulsion technology
commissioned a consortium of companies to conduct a study on electric thrusters powered by nuclear energy, known as nuclear electric propulsion. The study
Nuclear_thermal_rocket
NASA flyby mission to asteroid Braille and Comet Borrelly (1998–2001)
long-duration use of an ion thruster on a scientific mission. The NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) electrostatic ion thruster, developed at NASA
Deep_Space_1
Russian rocket engine manufacturer
flaws ion engines. At the test facility Chemical Automation Design Bureau has successfully completed a series of initial tests of the high ion electric
Chemical Automatics Design Bureau
Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau
Comparison of a wide range of physical forces
from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2009-01-09. "NSTAR Ion Thruster". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 January 2003. Retrieved 9 January
Orders_of_magnitude_(force)
Rocket that burns 3 propellants at once or 2 fuels with an oxidizer, sequentially
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Tripropellant_rocket
Indian sailor and researcher
electric propulsion, with work involving plasma diagnostics and gridded ion thruster systems for small spacecraft. His research has been presented at the
Mohammed_Asif_(sailor)
Load bearing cable connecting objects in space
are currently tracked on radar and have predictable orbits. Although thrusters could be used to change the orbit of the system, a tether could also be
Space_tether
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
The first spaceflight to use electric propulsion was a mercury-fueled ion thruster developed at NASA Glenn Research Center and flown on the Space Electric
Mercury_(element)
Hypothetical travel between stars or planetary systems
they are inferior, for example, to ion engines with low thrust and a lifespan of several years, but ion thruster and plasma engines are too weak for
Interstellar_travel
meeting of the NIAC. MagBeam is different from a traditional electrostatic ion thruster in several ways, the primary one being that instead of the fuel and propulsion
MagBeam
Nuclear power to propel a vehicle
thermal energy which is converted to electrical energy, that drives an ion thruster or other electrical spacecraft propulsion technology. Examples of nuclear
Nuclear_propulsion
Comic book character
Dini. She is trying to shake Batman off her rocket after she has stolen ion thruster plans from S.T.A.R. Labs, but this does not work. They crash high on
Roxy_Rocket
Methods to prevent destructive asteroid hits
of a low-divergence ion thruster pointed at the asteroid from a nearby hovering spacecraft. The momentum transmitted by the ions reaching the asteroid
Asteroid_impact_avoidance
Conceptual rocket engine
predominantly carried by the ions as they expand through the magnetic nozzle and beyond, and thus, function as an ion thruster. The construction of the experimental
Direct_Fusion_Drive
Planned component of a Mars-mission craft
spacecraft. Developed by Lanteris Space Systems for NASA, PPE will use ion thrusters for nuclear electric propulsion supplemented by separate, higher-thrust
Power_and_Propulsion_Element
Type of engine
engines, pump-jets, and more uncommon variations such as Hall effect thrusters, ion drives, mass drivers, and nuclear pulse propulsion. The discovery of
Reaction_engine
Proposed rocket propulsion mechanism
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Nuclear_salt-water_rocket
Rocket that uses a single propellant with a catalyst
storable propellant after passing it over a catalyst bed. The power for the thruster comes from the high pressure gas created during the decomposition reaction
Monopropellant_rocket
Proposed nuclear pulse propulsion through antimatter-catalyzed nuclear chain reactions
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion
Antimatter-catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
at least decades and perhaps millennia or longer. Ion thruster – An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
Soviet spacecraft launched in 1964 to explore Venus
a motion/rocking sensor in case it landed in water. An experimental Ion thruster was also carried for evaluation. The Zond-1 was a 3MV design, the second
Zond_1
Type of spacecraft electric propulsion system
An arcjet rocket or arcjet thruster is a form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, in which an electrical discharge (arc) is created in a flow
Arcjet_rocket
HEMPT 3050 is a satellite station-keeping Ion thruster, currently selected for the use on German Heinrich Hertz satellite. It's designed to be used for
HEMPT_3050
Japanese space mission to asteroid Ryugu
eleven inline-mounted 13.2 Ah lithium-ion batteries. Propulsion The spacecraft features four solar-electric ion thrusters for propulsion called μ10, one of
Hayabusa2
David; Benavides, Gabriel (2010). "Advances in Microcavity Discharge Thruster Technology". 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit
List of spacecraft manufacturers
List_of_spacecraft_manufacturers
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
Boy/Male
Greek
Son of Apollo.
Male
French
Variant spelling of French Yvon, IVON means "yew tree." Used in Germany and infrequently by the English.
Male
English
 Pet form of English Jonathan, JON means "God has given." Compare with other forms of Jon.
Boy/Male
English Shakespearean
Lion. The lion is a figure in art and religious symbolism of many cultures; symbolizing...
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, French, Greek, Irish, Romanian
Moon Man; God is Good; Gift from God
Male
Romanian
Basque and Romanian form of Greek Ioannes, ION means "God is gracious." In use by the Romani.
Boy/Male
Welsh
Worthy lord. Derived from 'ior' and 'gwerth'. Legendary son of Maredudd.
Boy/Male
American, Australian
Little Son
Boy/Male
German American
The prefex 'Von' is equivalent of 'Van' in Dutch names and of 'de' in French names.
Girl/Female
British, English
Lion
Male
Basque
, Jehovah's gift or grace.
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hebrew
Son
Male
Hebrew
(רï‹×Ÿ) Hebrew unisex name RON means "joy, song." Compare with another form of Ron.
Female
Scottish
 Scottish name derived from the name of an island in the Hebrides, ultimately from Old Norse ey, IONA means "island." Compare with another form of Iona.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, German
Lion; The Lion is a Figure in Art and Religious Symbolism of Many Cultures; Symbolizing Kingliness and Grandeur and Courage
Male
English
 Short form of English/Scottish Ronald, RON means "wise ruler." Compare with another form of Ron.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Son of
Girl/Female
Irish
St. Colmcille founded his monastery on Iona, the island between Ireland and Scotland in 563 AD and thus the name is associated with “blessed.â€
Surname or Lastname
Romanian
Romanian : from the personal name Ion (see John).English : probably a variant of John.
Female
English
(רï‹×Ÿ) Hebrew unisex name RON means "joy, song." Compare with strictly masculine Ron.
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Precious stone
Boy/Male
British, Czech, English
Beloved by All
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Emperor; Monarch; Ruler; King of Kings; Leader
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Love
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French
Reborn
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mausluni | மௌஸà¯à®²à¯à®‚நீ
Monsoon wind
Boy/Male
Sikh
Lords lamp
Male
English
Short form of English Jefferey, probably JEFF means "God's peace."Â
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
A Type of White Lotus
Girl/Female
Indian
A River
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
ION THRUSTER
n.
Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
n.
Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;
n.
One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion, Cation.
n.
An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
n.
The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.
prep.
Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.
v. t.
To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
v. t.
To get in; to in. See In, v. t.
pl.
of Io
n.
Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
n.
Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
n.
Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man.
n.
Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.
v. t.
To put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with.
adv.
Against the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection with it. See Pro.
n.
An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time.
v. t.
To know. See Can, and Con.