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Gas-filled radiation detector
types of ionizing radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles. Conventionally, the term "ionization chamber" refers exclusively
Ionization_chamber
Type of radiation dosimeter
electrostatic charge on a metal conductor in an ionization chamber, due to ionization of the air in the chamber by radiation. It was invented in 1937 by Charles
Quartz_fiber_dosimeter
Radiation detector
which each type utilises. The three basic types of gaseous ionization detectors are 1) ionization chambers, 2) proportional counters, and 3) Geiger–Müller
Gaseous_ionization_detector
Hand-held radiation meter used in civil defense
an ionization chamber, however this unit's chamber is detachable for hanging outside your shelter or basement. When used, the ionization chamber would
Civil_defense_Geiger_counters
Particle detector for visualizing ionizing radiation
cloud chamber, also known as a Wilson chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation. A cloud chamber consists
Cloud_chamber
Process by which atoms or molecules acquire charge by gaining or losing electrons
threshold ionization Double ionization Chemical ionization Electron ionization Ionization chamber – Instrument for detecting gaseous ionization, used in
Ionization
Gaseous ionization detector
proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to
Proportional_counter
Device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire
type of smoke chamber differ between manufacturers. An ionization smoke detector uses a radioisotope, typically americium-241, to ionize air; a difference
Smoke_detector
by the charge of an electron (SI units Joules/Coulomb) Ionizing radiation Ionization chamber Khan, F. M. (2003). The physics of radiation therapy (3rd
Bragg–Gray_cavity_theory
A Sievert chamber is a type of ionization chamber used in radiation dose measurements. It was invented by Professor Rolf Maximilian Sievert in Sweden
Sievert_chamber
Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions
formation. For example, ionized NF3 contains F−, which abstracts proton. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and thermospray ionization (TSI) are suited for high
Mass_spectrometry
Chemical element with atomic number 95 (Am)
contains about 100 grams of americium. It is widely used in commercial ionization chamber smoke detectors, as well as in neutron sources and industrial gauges
Americium
Ionization technique
Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons
Electron_ionization
Device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionising particles
physics Gaseous ionization detector Ionization chamber Proportional counter Multiwire proportional chamber Drift chamber Time projection chamber Micropattern
Particle_detector
Ionization method
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric
Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
Atmospheric-pressure_chemical_ionization
American physicist and inventor (1906–1970)
pioneering work with ionizing radiation measurement devices and equipment. This equipment bears his name today as the: Shonka ionization chamber, the Shonka electrometer
Francis_Rudolph_Shonka
History of radiation-based medical imaging
introduced by Varian Associates in 1976. It featured a 301-channel ionization chamber, a pulsed X-ray source, and a continuously rotating gantry enabled
History of computed tomography
History_of_computed_tomography
Harmful high-frequency radiation
nanometers). Roughly, this corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV. In some Environmental
Ionizing_radiation
Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge
with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to
Ion
sensor Barograph Barometer Boost gauge Bourdon gauge Hot filament ionization gauge Ionization gauge McLeod gauge Oscillating U-tube Permanent downhole gauge
List_of_sensors
First successful NASA mission to Mars (1964–1967)
characteristics of the interplanetary and planetary magnetic fields. An ionization chamber/Geiger counter, mounted on the waveguide leading to the omnidirectional
Mariner_4
Failed NASA mission to the Moon (1958)
Pioneer 1), a proportional counter for radiation measurements, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm/microphone assembly to
Pioneer_2
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
physicist James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932. Chadwick used an ionization chamber to observe protons knocked out of several elements by beryllium radiation
Nuclear_fission
sealed tube). Nude gauge (uses the vacuum chamber to make a complete seal). Electron ionization Ionization gauge Vacuum R. T. Bayard and D. Alpert, "Extension
Hot-filament_ionization_gauge
Instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation
energy particles or gamma radiation make the gas conductive by ionization. The ionization is considerably amplified within the tube by the Townsend discharge
Geiger_counter
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
with a resolution of 1 milliradian to study the Moon's surface, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm/microphone assembly to
Moon_landing
Device that creates charged atoms and molecules (ions)
Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules. The gas phase reaction producing electron ionization is M +
Ion_source
Space propulsion system, a gridded electrostatic ion thruster
in 2021. Glenn Research Center manufactured the test engine's core ionization chamber, and Aerojet Rocketdyne designed and built the ion acceleration assembly
NEXT_(ion_thruster)
Termination device in X-ray radiography
the incorrect AEC chamber selected). Prosthetic devices such as total hip hardware can also cause the selected ionization chamber to overexpose the image
Automatic_exposure_control
Proportional counter that detects charged particles and photons
trajectory, by tracking the trails of gaseous ionization. The technique was an improvement over the bubble chamber particle detection method, which used photographic
Wire_chamber
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Chamber (both detect particles in the same energy range) makes it possible to determine the average ionization per particle,
Explorer_6
Type of Soviet nuclear power reactor
batteries. The distribution of power density in the reactor is measured by ionization chambers located inside and outside the core. The physical power density
RBMK
Mass of airborne particulates and gases
burnt. An ionization chamber type smoke detector is technically a product of combustion detector, not a smoke detector. Ionization chamber type smoke
Smoke
Topics referred to by the same term
Center, an American military intelligence agency component multi-strip ionization chamber (sometimes also dubbed as MuSIC), a type of radiation detector Mixed
Msic
Chemical and biochemical technique to follow reactions through using atomic isotopes
non-integer spin. The radioactive decay can be detected through an ionization chamber or autoradiographs of gels. An example of the use of isotopic labeling
Isotopic_labeling
Type of particle detector
electrons coming from the ionization of the gas. On passing through the detector gas, a particle will produce primary ionization along its track. The z coordinate
Time_projection_chamber
Part of a Geiger counter
required correction. Dosimeter Geiger counter Gaseous ionization detectors Ionization chamber Stopping power of radiation particles Rutherford, E.; Geiger
Geiger–Müller_tube
Waves or particles moving through space
requires only single particles to cause ionization. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of a common fire, and the browning reactions
Radiation
Italian-American experimental physicist (1905–1993)
Retrieved 18 January 2013. Rossi, Bruno; Hans Staub (28 October 1946). "Ionization Chambers and Counters" (PDF). Manhattan Project Technical Series LA-1003
Bruno_Rossi
Radioactive isotope of Americium
144 million years). The radiated alpha particles pass through an ionization chamber, an air-filled space between two electrodes, which allows a small
Americium-241
are generally made in water or "water equivalent" plastic with an ionization chamber, since water is very similar to human tissue with regard to radiation
Percentage_depth_dose_curve
Method of identifying trace chemicals
chemical bonds of the molecule. Due to the high vacuum pressure in the ionization chamber, the mean free path of molecules are varying from 10 cm to 1 km and
Mass_spectral_interpretation
Device using photographic film to measure radiation exposure
oxide based dosimeters, and the electronic personal dosimeter (EPD). Ionization chamber Proportional counter Geiger counter Sievert Semiconductor detector
Film_badge_dosimeter
Technique in mass spectroscopy
Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966
Chemical_ionization
Fission of a nucleus via absorption of a gamma ray
by a differential ionization chamber and linear amplifier, the substance investigated being coated on an electrode of one chamber. Photodisintegration
Photofission
Russian nuclear physicist
Later, he used his talent in painting when he covered the plates of ionization chamber with uranium which later led to discovery of spontaneous fission.
Konstantin_Petrzhak
American scientist (1902-1986)
Indicating Pocket Ionization Chamber February 26, 1952 2,574,000 Ionization and Vacuum Tube Chamber November 6, 1951 2,573,999 Ionization Chamber November 6
John_Austin_Victoreen
State of matter
temperatures are usually needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature
Plasma_(physics)
Vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid
chamber, a piston suddenly decreases its pressure, and the liquid enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization
Bubble_chamber
Atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable
alpha particles which ionize the air in the detector's ionization chamber. A small electric voltage is applied to the ionized air which gives rise to
Radionuclide
Measurement of absorbed ionizing radiation
2024{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2026 (link) Ionization chamber Archived 29 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine [2] – "The confusing
Dosimetry
Spacecraft propulsion technology
ionization chamber in low Earth orbit, the modified law allows for more accurate theoretical modeling. Once the ambient gas is ionized in the chamber
Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion
Atmosphere-breathing_electric_propulsion
NASA flyby mission to Venus (1967–1968)
several experiments from Mariner 4, including the TV camera, the ionization chamber/geiger counter, the cosmic ray detector, and the cosmic dust detector
Mariner_5
Analytical technique used to separate and identify ionized molecules in the gas phase
proteomics IMS-MS using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) as the ionization method has helped by providing faster high-resolution separations
Ion_mobility_spectrometry
French chemist and physicist (1860–1934)
photographic plate). In 1908, Villard pioneered the use of an ionization chamber for the dosimetry of ionizing radiation. He defined a unit of kinetic energy released
Paul_Ulrich_Villard
Topics referred to by the same term
a metastable cubic crystalline variant of ice Ion chromatography Ionization chamber, a type of radiation detector IC Bus, a bus manufacturer Impuls IC
Ic
Topics referred to by the same term
unit of ionizing radiation dose Sievert may also refer to: Sievert (name), German given name and surname Sievert chamber, an ionization chamber used in
Sievert_(disambiguation)
Analytical chemistry technique
on atmospheric pressure ionization (API) strategies like electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Room designed to be completely echo free
An anechoic chamber (an-echoic meaning "non-reflective" or "without echoes") is a room designed to stop reflections or echoes of either sound or electromagnetic
Anechoic_chamber
Instrument for measuring electric charge
designed for use with ionization chambers may include a high-voltage power supply, which is used to bias the ionization chamber. Solid-state electrometers
Electrometer
Failed NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (1958)
television system to study the Moon's surface to a resolution of 0.5°, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm/microphone assembly to
Pioneer_1
American chemist (1920–2007)
Nonetheless, for days afterwards his breath could make the needle on an ionization chamber go off the scale, even from 6 feet (1.8 m) away. Hempelmann used a
Donald_Mastick
Instrument that can measure properties of X-rays
anode wire in the center of a cylindrical chamber. Most of the gas volume will act as an ionization chamber, but in the region closest to the wire the
X-ray_detector
nuclear waste. It is the isotope used in normal ionization smoke detectors, which work as an ionization chamber. It is a potential fuel for long-lifetime radioisotope
Isotopes_of_americium
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), also known as surface ionization, is a highly sensitive isotope mass spectrometry characterization technique
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Thermal_ionization_mass_spectrometry
various designs of ionization detectors but a general schematic of the detector consists of a transversal field ionization chamber with a Frisch grid
Elastic_recoil_detection
Analytical method
manufacturers. The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Scattering of photons off charged particles
perspective of an electron in a potential well, or as an atom with a small ionization energy. In the former perspective, energy of the incident photon is transferred
Compton_scattering
electrospray ionization, and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization. Both solid and liquid samples may be ionized with ambient ionization techniques.
Sample preparation in mass spectrometry
Sample_preparation_in_mass_spectrometry
Defunct American nuclear production site
As part of regular health physics procedures, a laboratory assistant checks a pocket ionization chamber at a minometer.
Hanford_Site
Scientific background leading to the discovery of subatomic particles
When this radiation struck paraffin wax, protons were ejected. The protons were observed using a small ionization chamber. Adapted from Chadwick (1932).
Discovery_of_the_neutron
Quantity used to assess X radiation risk
includes various DAP and dose length product (DLP) parameters. An ionization chamber is placed beyond the X-ray collimators and must intercept the entire
Dose_area_product
Failed NASA mission to Mars (1964)
probe Cosmic ray telescope Trapped radiation detector Cosmic ray ionization chamber Cosmic dust detector Spaceflight portal Exploration of Mars List of
Mariner_3
American scientist (1916–1957)
thin to produce a window to count alpha particle emissions, and an ionization chamber with a magnetic field to separate the beta particles from the neptunium
Joseph_W._Kennedy
Secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project
surrounded by the explosive lenses, which in turn were inside in an ionization chamber. This allowed the taking of an X-ray movie of the implosion. The lenses
Project_Y
Electric company in India
lined counters, BF3 counters, high temperature fission counters and ionization chamber; smart radiation monitors; secured network of all Department of Atomic
Electronics Corporation of India Limited
Electronics_Corporation_of_India_Limited
First successful mission to Venus (1962–1963)
effectively measured only the changes in the interplanetary field. An ionization chamber with matched Geiger-Müller tubes (also known as a cosmic ray detector)
Mariner_2
Process involving electrons
with an energy equal to the photon energy minus the ionization energy. Ionization chamber Ionization energy Photocatalysis Photoelectric effect Photovoltaics
Photoinduced charge separation
Photoinduced_charge_separation
British sci-fi TV series (1958–1959)
He attempts to achieve invisibility. He puts a guinea pig into an ionization chamber. The animal begins to fade from sight, Dr. Brady calls his assistant
The Invisible Man (1958 TV series)
The_Invisible_Man_(1958_TV_series)
Chemical element with atomic number 93 (Np)
household ionization-chamber smoke detectors from decay of the (typically) 0.2 microgram of americium-241 initially present as a source of ionizing radiation
Neptunium
Particle physics laboratory in Canada
reactions of astrophysical significance with solid state detectors. An ionization chamber with full track reconstruction capabilities for studying reactions
TRIUMF
Chemical compound
spectrometry (NRMS). In the synthesis, N+ 4 (which was first formed in the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer) underwent two high energy collision events
Tetranitrogen
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
9 in)-diameter Neher-type integrating ionization chamber and three pairs of Geiger–Müller tubes (GM). The ionization chamber responded omnidirectionally to electrons
Explorer_41
American chemist and inventor
personnel of the Manhattan project. The dosimeter was a miniature ionization chamber, charged with 170 volts. It had a small calibrated scale on top, whose
Arnold_Beckman
NASA interplanetary mission (1960)
in both an analog and a digital format. A Neher-type integrating ionization chamber and an Anton 302 Geiger-Müller tube (which functioned as a cosmic
Pioneer_5
American nuclear physicist (1916–1972)
have been investigated with a variable air pressure absorption cell, ionization chamber and linear amplifier. It has been established that there are two groups
Elizabeth_Riddle_Graves
1961 unmanned US spacecraft
detectors, two triple coincidence telescopes, a cosmic-ray integrating ionization chamber, cosmic dust detectors, and scintillation counters. The communications
Ranger_2
removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions. ionization chamber ionizing radiation isotope A variant of a particular chemical element
Glossary_of_physics
Physical phenomenon
effect is known as impact ionization. The Auger effect can impact biological molecules such as DNA. Following the K-shell ionization of the component atoms
Auger_effect
SI derived unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation
dose, depending on the radiation energies involved, partially because ionization energy is not accounted for. Whilst roughly equal at low energies, kerma
Gray_(unit)
Measurement of radiation exposure
quantity for ionizing radiation to be defined for radiation protection, as it was then the most easily replicated method of measuring air ionization by using
Roentgen_(unit)
Type of radiation
beam and produce further ionization. The term is sometimes used to describe any recoil particle caused by secondary ionization. The term was coined by
Delta_ray
American physicist (1914–1988)
conducting experiments with the cyclotron, Anderson also built an ionization chamber and a linear amplifier in late 1938. In December 1938, the German
Herbert_L._Anderson
Type of particle detector using gaseous ionization
straw chamber is a type of gaseous ionization particle detector. It is a long tube with a wire down the center and a gas which becomes ionized when a
Straw_chamber
1938 achievement in physics
Hall. The experiment involved placing uranium oxide inside of an ionization chamber and irradiating it with neutrons, and measuring the energy thus released
Discovery_of_nuclear_fission
American satellite family
Lt. Col. Clyde Northcott, Jr. Data from OV1-4's Tissue Equivalent Ionization Chamber, calibrated against a similar instrument orbited on Gemini 4, determined
Orbiting_Vehicle
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
position-sensitive proportional counters at the entrance, followed by (b) an ionization chamber, (c) another array of position-sensitive proportional counters just
Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer
Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer
Science Museum in Leiden, Netherlands
electrometer . Apparatuses to study radiation: a Wilson cloud chamber, an electrometer with ionization chamber, X-ray, cathode-ray and canal ray tubes, a fluorescent
Museum_Boerhaave
Instrument for measuring ionizing radiation
shielded from all ambient light so that external photons do not swamp the ionization events caused by incident radiation. To achieve this a thin opaque foil
Scintillation_counter
Electron capture ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A − {\displaystyle
Electron_capture_ionization
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IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
IONIZATION CHAMBER
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