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German botanist and taxonomist (1933–2022)
systematic work is referred to as the Kubitzki system. He was a member of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. Kubitzki was born in Niesky, Germany, and
Klaus_Kubitzki
System of plant taxonomy
The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled The
Kubitzki_system
Rank based classification system for organisms
system. His botanical classification and sexual system were used well in the nineteenth century. Within each class were several orders. This system is
Linnaean_taxonomy
System of flowering plant classification
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts
Cronquist_system
System of plant classification devised by John Hutchison (1923)
A system of plant taxonomy by John Hutchinson, the Hutchinson system, was published as The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system
Hutchinson_system
Subfamily of flowering plants
previously been treated as a separate family Laxmanniaceae. In the Kubitzki system, it is treated as Lomandraceae Lotsy. The subfamily consists of some
Lomandroideae
5479/si.0081024x.71. (available online: Full text (PDF) here) Kubitzki system (1990- ) K. Kubitzki; (1990 ongoing); et al. The Families and Genera of Vascular
List of systems of plant taxonomy
List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy
System of plant classification developed by the Russian scientist Armen Takhtajan
A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards.
Takhtajan_system
System of plant taxonomy
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based
APG_II_system
System of plant classification
A taxonomic system for seed plants was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita
Bentham_&_Hooker_system
System of plant taxonomy
A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system. It was developed by August W. Eichler (1839–1887)
Eichler_system
System of plant taxonomy
A system of plant taxonomy, the Goldberg system was published in: Goldberg (1986). "Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons"
Goldberg_system
System of plant taxonomy
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy
APG_system
System of plant taxonomy devised by Adolf Engler
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he
Engler_system
System of plant classification
A system of plant taxonomy, the Bessey system was published by Charles Bessey in 1915. Bessey based his system on the tradition of de Candolle, Bentham
Bessey_system
System of plant taxonomy
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed
APG_III_system
French botanist
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem
Philippe_Édouard_Léon_Van_Tieghem
System of plant taxonomy
A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Judd system (1999-2016) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist Walter S. Judd (1951-)
Judd_system
Order of flowering plants
"the first". It was used in the Engler system for an order in the Monocotyledones and later in the Kubitzki system. This order included one family only
Arecales
Family of plants
Burmanniaceae, sometimes as the tribe Thismieae (Maas-van de Kamer in Kubitzki system and others). For those who keep the family separate, it consists of
Thismiaceae
System of flowering plant classification
relation to the distribution of character states. pp. 253–284., in Kubitzki (1977) Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (1977). Flowering Plants : Evolution and classification
Dahlgren_system
2016 revision of a flowering plant classification
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants
APG_IV_system
British naturalist (1627–1705)
Plantarum was an important step towards modern taxonomy. Ray rejected the system of dichotomous division, by which species were classified by repeated sub-division
John_Ray
Plant taxonomic system
Candolle system is a system of plant taxonomy by French (Swiss) botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778−1841). The first taxonomic system by de Candolle
De_Candolle_system
Angiosperm taxonomic classification at Missouri Botanical gardens
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website
Late 18th century system of plant taxonomy
An early system of plant taxonomy developed by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), the de Jussieu System (1789), is of great importance as a starting
De_Jussieu_system
Taxonomic system of plant classification, by John Lindley (1799–1865)
An early system of plant taxonomy, the Lindley system, was first published by John Lindley as An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany (Natural
Lindley_system
Genus of trees known as baobab
of family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I 1998, II 2003 or the Kubitzki system 2003. The closest living relatives of Adansonia within Bombacoideae
Adansonia
German botanist of the 19th century
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
August_Grisebach
Plant taxonomy system
Thorne, Robert F (1977). "Some Realignments in the Angiospermae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants: Evolution and Classification of Higher
Thorne_system
Class of flowering plants
Quantitative studies of inter-relationships amongst the Liliatae. pp. 77–96. in Kubitzki (1977) Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1966). "Lilianae". Система и филогения
Liliopsida
The Adanson system, published by French botanist Michel Adanson as the Familles des plantes in two volumes in 1763, was an important step in botanical
Adanson_system
1820 botanical text
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
O_Přirozenosti_Rostlin
1813 book by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
botany by introducing the use of the term taxonomy and a new classification system for grouping plants together. This book placed emphasis on the study of
Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique
Théorie_Élémentaire_de_la_Botanique
Order of plants
in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays. In the 1981 version of this system it included : order
Capparales
19th century German botanist
index generum regni vegetabilis (1838), following the method of Ray. In his system, there were 9 classes, 48 orders and 330 families. A second part of the
Karl_Julius_Perleb
System of plant taxonomy
A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to Richard Wettstein's Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik
Wettstein_system
Swedish cleric and botanist (1785-1859)
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Carl_Adolph_Agardh
Danish botanist and ecologist (1841–1924)
Brazilian ecologist M.G. Ferri with more recent research on the cerrado system and reissued as: Warming, E. & Ferri, M.G. (1973) Lagoa Santa – a vegetação
Eugenius_Warming
Scottish botanist (1798–1856)
species from Sierra Leone. Don's main work was his four volume A General System of Gardening and Botany, published between 1832 and 1838 (often referred
George_Don
System of angiosperm plant classification
The Stebbins system is an angiosperm plants classification drawn up by the American botanist G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906–2000). The system was published
Stebbins_system
Dutch botanist known for his work on plant taxonomy
Botanisches Centralblatt and the Progressus rei botanicae. He proposed a system of plant classification, based on phylogenetics. Lotsy argued for a major
Johannes_Paulus_Lotsy
British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist
the first British flora to employ Antoine Laurent de Jussieu's natural system of plant classification, an improvement on the artificial classification
Samuel_Frederick_Gray
Order of flowering plants
system, by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, and in the most recent comprehensive treatment of vascular plant families and genera, the Kubitzki system.
Malvales
French botanist (1897–1969)
of the flowering plants Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Louis_Emberger
Group of flowering plants
the order Caryophyllales in the system of Cronquist. In the APG III system, and in later versions of the Kubitzki system, Caryophyllales is defined to include
Centrospermae
Family of flowering plants
longer recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I 1998, II 2003 and Kubitzki system 2003 at the rank of family, the bulk of the taxa in question being
Bombacaceae
Order of monocot flowering plants
brackets in the list above. Two older systems which use the order Asparagales are the Dahlgren system and the Kubitzki system. The families included in the circumscriptions
Asparagales
German naturalist (1761–1802)
as Dutch elm disease), but without realizing their origin. Rejecting the system of Carl Linnaeus, he began to classify plants on the basis of their external
August_Batsch
Family of plants
Wettstein system, this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in the Engler, Cronquist, and Kubitzki systems, the Casuarinaceae
Casuarinaceae
Taxonomic system for flowering plants
The Melchior system, "a reference in all taxonomic courses", is a classification system detailing the taxonomic system of the Angiospermae according to
Melchior_system
20th century system of plant classification
A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist
Reveal_system
Collaborative research group for the classification of flowering plants
Engler system in continental Europe, the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew), the Takhtajan system in
Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group
Italian botanist (1882–1949)
botanist at the University of Modena, whose work included a classification system for angiosperms. Come si studiano le piante: manuale di botanica pratica
Vittorio_Calestani
Subfamily of flowering plants
former families Hemerocallidaceae sensu stricto and Johnsoniaceae. The Kubitzki system of 1998 has 12 genera (not counting Xeronema) in Hemerocallidaceae
Hemerocallidoideae
Genus of flowering plants
Abolboda is a genus of flowering plants, traditionally and nowadays (Kubitzki system and APG IV) assigned to family Xyridaceae. It is native to tropical
Abolboda
Japanese botanist (1912–2006)
monocotyledons, and of Japanese species of Hypericum. Kimura, Y. 1953. The system and phylogenetic tree of plants. J. Jpn. Bot. 28: 97–104. Kimura, Y. 1956
Yojiro_Kimura
Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 369–371. IPNI, Anacardiaceae, Type. Kubitzki 2011, pp. 1–2. POWO, Anacardiaceae. POWO, Flora of West Tropical Africa
List_of_malvid_families
Genus of flowering plants
given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system, the Kubitzki system, and the Plants of the World Online (POWO) database, it is placed
Biebersteinia
brackets in the list above. Two older systems which use the order Asparagales are the Dahlgren system and the Kubitzki system. The families included in the circumscriptions
Families_of_Asparagales
Family of plants
International Plant Name Index, IPNI.org Kubitzki, K.; Rudall, P. J. (1998), "Asparagaceae", in Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.), Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons:
Asparagaceae
Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 284. USDA, Anisophylleaceae, Type. Kubitzki 2011, p. 4. POWO, Anisophylleaceae. POWO, Neotropikey. Quattrocchi 2000
List of nitrogen-fixing-clade families
List_of_nitrogen-fixing-clade_families
Subfamily of flowering plants
is divided into 9 subfamilies, including Malvoideae. The Malvoideae of Kubitzki and Bayer includes 4 tribes: Malveae (Abutilon, Alcea, Malva, Sidalcea
Malvoideae
Order of flowering plants
states". In Kubitzki (1977), pp. 253–284. Huber, H. "The treatment of the monocotyledons in an evolutionary system of classification". In Kubitzki (1977),
Lilianae
IPNI, Calycanthaceae, Type. Kubitzki 1993, p. 199. POWO, Calycanthaceae. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 107. Kubitzki 1993, p. 197. Stearn 2002, p
List of early-diverging flowering plant families
List_of_early-diverging_flowering_plant_families
Family of flowering plants
201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. Wu, C.-Y.; Kubitzki, K. (1993). "Circaeasteraceae". In Kubitzki, K.; Rohwer, J. G.; Bittrich, V. (eds.). The Families
Circaeasteraceae
IPNI, Didiereaceae, Type. Kubitzki 1993, p. 294. POWO, Didiereaceae. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 464–465. Kubitzki 1993, p. 292. Christenhusz
List of basal superasterid families
List_of_basal_superasterid_families
Genus of ferns
their shiny surface, although as late as the 1990 publication of the Kubitzki system, these ferns were sometimes still included in Cheilanthes. As of July 2026[update]
Aspidotis
Order of flowering plants
In Kubitzki (2007), pp. 83–119. (full text at ResearchGate) Kubitzki, Klaus (2007b). "Daphniphyllaceae". In Kubitzki (2007), pp. 127–128. Kubitzki, Klaus
Saxifragales
Part of a flower
Edlund, Swanson & Preuss 2004. González & Arbo 2016, Estilo y estigma Klaus Kubitzki (Editor) Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales
Stigma_(botany)
Sexual system in seed plants
390. ISBN 978-0-387-30443-4. Webster, G. L. (2014). "Euphorbiaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants, Eudicots - Malpighiales. The Families and
Monoecy
Family of aquatic plants
Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrass families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical
Zosteraceae
3732/ajb.91.10.1627. PMID 21652313. Kubitzki, K. (2007). "Introduction to the Groups Treated in This Volume". In Kubitzki, K. (ed.). Berberidopsidales, Buxales
List of basal eudicot families
List_of_basal_eudicot_families
Order of flowering plants
Plants. Melbourne University Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-522-85060-4. Kubitzki, Klaus; Bayer, Clemens; Cuénoud, Philippe (January 2003). Flowering Plants
Caryophyllales
Clade of flowering plants
according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9783874291606. Kubitzki, Klaus; Huber
Monocotyledon
Palms that grows as vines
shrub palms and acaulescent palms, as defined in Dransfield (1978 cited in Kubitzki ed. 1998, see also Uhl & Dransfield 1987 Genera Palmarum). Calamus thwaitesii
Climbing_palm
C-76. Kubitzki 2004, p. 112. POWO, Curtisiaceae. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 476–477. Stearn 2002, p. 111. IPNI, Cyrillaceae, Type. Kubitzki 2004
List of basal asterid families
List_of_basal_asterid_families
Swedish-Danish botanist
angiosperms in relation to the distribution of character states. pp. 253–284. in Kubitzki (1977) Dahlgren, R., 1977b. A note on the Taxonomy of the 'Synpetalae'
Rolf_Dahlgren
Family of flowering plants that includes cashew and mango
Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009. Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (2011). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. x.
Anacardiaceae
Plant structure, detaches and drifts
ISBN 0-405-10417-0. Appel, O.; al-Shehbaz, I.A. (12 September 2002). "Cruciferae". In Kubitzki, K.; Bayer, C. (eds.). Flowering plants: Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales
Tumbleweed
Family of flowering plants
Vol. IX. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32219-1. Kubitzki, Klaus (2007a). Haloragaceae. pp. 184–190., in Kubitzki (2007) Les, Donald H. (2017). Aquatic Dicotyledons
Haloragaceae
Family of flowering plants
M. (1993a). "Fumariaceae". In Kubitzki, Rohwer & Bittrich (1993) Lidén, M. (1993b). "Pteridophyllaceae". In Kubitzki, Rohwer & Bittrich (1993) Lidén
Papaveraceae
Order of flowering plants, mostly from tropics and subtropics
hdl:10654/18083. "Lepidobotryaceae", "Parnassiaceae", and "Celastraceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. VI. Springer-Verlag:
Celastrales
Genus of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales
132–136. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x. Klaus Kubitzki. 1998. "" pages 58–60. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor). 1998. The Families and Genera of Vascular
Agapanthus
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family
Charles (eds.). Asterales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). Vol. VIII: Eudicots. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 357. ISBN 978-3-540-31051-8
Chrysanthemum
Genus of plants (chokeberries)
doi:10.2307/2419287. JSTOR 2419287. Kalkman, C. (2004). "Rosaceae". In Kubitzki, K. (ed.). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales
Aronia
Large order of flowering plants
Latin. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-627-9. Retrieved 14 April 2020. Kubitzki, K. (1990). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Flowering Plants
Asterales
Species of aquatic flowering plant
Disbudding". HortScience. 44 (3): 656–659. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.656. Kubitzki, Klaus; Rohwer, Jens G.; Bittrich, Volker (28 January 2011). Flowering
Nelumbo_nucifera
Genus of plants
edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 Klaus Kubitzki. 2004. "Grubbiaceae". pages 199-201. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). The Families
Grubbia
Genus of fishes
Information System. Retrieved May 22, 2007. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lithodoras dorsalis". FishBase. December 2011 version. Kubitzki, Klaus;
Lithodoras
Subfamily of flowering plants
according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols. Volume 1: Monocotyledonae 1926, Volume 2: Dicotyledonae. Kubitzki, K., ed. (1998).
Allioideae
Family of flowering plants
2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083. Stevens, P.F. (2004). "Clusiaceae". In Kubitzki, K. (ed.). Flowering Plants. The families and genera of vascular plants
Theaceae
In Kubitzki (1998) Conran, J.G.; Minoru N. Tamura (1998). "Convallariaceae". pp. 186–198. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) In Kubitzki (1998)
Minoru_N._Tamura
Genus of flowering plants
with the sole species Hypericopsis persica, was still accepted by Klaus Kubitzki in 2003; however a morphological study published in the same year concluded
Frankenia
Family of plants
Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally
Tiliaceae
Family of flowering plants
261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. Kubitzki, K. (1993). "Platanaceae.". Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Editores). The Families
Platanaceae
Family of flowering plants that includes the primroses
, in Kubitzki (2004) Stahl, B (2004a). Samolaceae. pp. 387–389., in Kubitzki (2004) Stahl, B (2004). Theophrastaceae. pp. 472–478., in Kubitzki (2004)
Primulaceae
Family of eudicot flowering plants
497. Bibcode:1999Taxon..48..497K. doi:10.2307/1224562. JSTOR 1224562. Kubitzki, Klaus; Rohwer, Jens G.; Bittrich, Volker, eds. (1993). The Families and
Ranunculaceae
Plant taxonomical classifications
Iteaceae, Type. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 236–237. POWO, Iteaceae. Kubitzki 2007, p. 203. Coombes 2012, p. 222. Stearn 2002, p. 228. Christenhusz,
List of Saxifragales, Vitales and Zygophyllales families
List_of_Saxifragales,_Vitales_and_Zygophyllales_families
Order of monocot flowering plants, including lilies
arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. Kubitzki, Klaus; Huber, Herbert, eds
Liliales
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