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Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
Laurasia (/lɔːˈreɪʒə, -ʃə/) was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around 335 to 175 million
Laurasia
Neoproterozoic to Cretaceous landmass
surface. It fused with Laurasia during the Carboniferous to form Pangaea. Gondwana began to separate from northern Pangea (Laurasia) during the Triassic
Gondwana
Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
refers to the ocean located between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia. After the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous
Tethys_Ocean
Supercontinent from the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic eras
proto-Laurasia, proto-Gondwana, and the smaller Congo Craton. Proto-Laurasia and proto-Gondwana were separated by the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Proto-Laurasia split
Pangaea
Continent
When Pangaea began to rift around 200 mya, North America became part of Laurasia, before it separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous
North_America
U.S. state
600 million years old. The margin created by the continental crust existed until Laurasia and Gondwana collided in the Pennsylvanian subperiod to form Pangea. Pangea
Texas
Majority of lands of the Western Hemisphere
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
New_World
Landmass corresponding to Afro–Eurasia
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
Old_World
Continent
years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again
Europe
Fictional island in Plato's works
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
Atlantis
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea had begun rifting into two landmasses: Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The climate of the Jurassic was
Jurassic
Superorder of mammals
presence/absence data. The superorder originated on the northern supercontinent of Laurasia, after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up. Its most recent common
Laurasiatheria
Umbrella pine family of conifers
known from the Late Cretaceous of Japan before becoming widespread across Laurasia during most of the Cenozoic, especially in Europe until the Pliocene. Jiang
Sciadopityaceae
Craton forming the geological core of North America
±4 Ma), Pangaea rifted into two landmasses: Laurasia and Gondwana. Laurentia was part of the landmass Laurasia. In the Cretaceous (145 ± 4 to 66 Ma), Laurentia
Laurentia
Animals living within Africa
but mainly to Laurasia. Interchanges with Gondwana were rare and mainly "out-of-Africa" dispersals, whereas interchanges with Laurasia were numerous and
Fauna_of_Africa
Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent
Pannotia formed as Proto-Laurasia was added to Gondwana c. 600 Ma (left) and broke up 550 Ma (right) when Laurasia broke apart. View centred on the South
Pannotia
Belt of Eurasian mountain ranges
divided from another supercontinent, Laurasia, and was now pushing its way back. Eurasia descends from Laurasia, the Laurentia part having split away
Alpide_belt
Order of mammals
non-avian dinosaurs some 66 million years ago. These fossils are found in Laurasia, the supercontinent composed of modern-day North America, Europe, and Asia
Rodent
"Iberian-Appalachian connection is the missing link between Gondwana and Laurasia that confirms a Wegenerian Pangaea configuration". Scientific Reports.
List_of_paleocontinents
Large geographical region identified by convention
reassembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the
Continent
Third epoch of the Jurassic Period
Jurassic rock: By the Late Jurassic, Pangaea had already broken apart into Laurasia (Eurasia and North America) to the north and Gondwana to the south, divided
Late_Jurassic
Species of conifer
are from the Late Cretaceous of Japan, and the genus was widespread in Laurasia during most of the Cenozoic, especially in Europe until the Pliocene. A
Sciadopitys_verticillata
Landmass consisting of Africa, Asia, and Europe
million years ago, the North American and Eurasian plates together formed Laurasia while the African plate remained in Gondwana, from which the Indian plate
Afro-Eurasia
Group of theropod dinosaurs
herbivorous dinosaurs known mainly from the Late Cretaceous Period of Laurasia (now Asia and North America), though they have also been reported from
Ornithomimidae
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
supercontinent Pangaea, which gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental
Mesozoic
First period of the Mesozoic Era
Early Jurassic it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses: Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The global climate during the Triassic
Triassic
Mesozoic-era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia
Boreal Sea was a Mesozoic-era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia. World distribution of middle Jurassic ammonites (Upper Aalenian to Middle
Boreal_Sea
Clade of marsupials and close relatives
recover diversity. Morphological and species diversity of metatherians in Laurasia remained low in comparison to eutherians throughout the Cenozoic. The two
Metatheria
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the
Plate_tectonics
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
Gondwana by ~608 Ma. Pangaea formed through the collision of Gondwana, Laurasia (Laurentia and Baltica), and Siberia. The second model (Kenorland-Arctica)
Supercontinent
Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
Zealandia
Floristic kingdom in northern Eurasia and the Americas
North Africa. Its flora is inherited from the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. However, parts of the floristic kingdom (and most of its Circumboreal
Boreal_kingdom
Cratonic rock body which makes up most of the continent Antarctica
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
East_Antarctic_Shield
Genus of trees
are from the Late Cretaceous of Japan, and the genus was widespread in Laurasia during most of the Cenozoic, especially in Europe until the Pliocene. The
Sciadopitys
Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean
which the Baltica and Laurentia collided to form Laurasia, and a subsequent collision between Laurasia and Western Siberia. Most of its geological history
Barents_Sea
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
occurred as the Neo-Tethys Ocean subducted under the southern margin of Laurasia during the Mesozoic. Uplift and compressional deformation took place as
Black_Sea
million years ago. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia)
Geological_history_of_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
Tethys Ocean, a Mesozoic-era ocean between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia Tethys Research Institute, a non-governmental scientific organisation based
Tethys
Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau
Pangaea split up during the Jurassic though Siberia stayed with Laurasia. Laurasia gradually split up during the Cretaceous with Siberia remaining part
Siberia_(continent)
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
Matsumoto R, Evans SE (2010). "Choristoderes and the freshwater assemblages of Laurasia". Journal of Iberian Geology. 36 (2): 253–274. Bibcode:2010JIbG...36..253M
Cretaceous
Extinct genus of reptiles
procolophonomorph, Microleter suggests that early parareptile evolution occurred in Laurasia and that multiple lineages developed openings or emarginations in the temporal
Microleter
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
present positions. In the Northern Hemisphere, the former components of Laurasia (North America and Eurasia) were, at times, connected via land bridges:
Paleocene
Hypothetical continent
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
Terra_Australis
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys Ocean to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its
Permian
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event: A terrestrial stem turtle in the Cenozoic of Laurasia". Scientific Reports. 10 (1) 1489. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.1489P. doi:10
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Extinct genus of lizards
Mesozoic lizards called Paramacellodidae, which existed across most of Laurasia during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The type and only species
Sharovisaurus
Subregion of Asia
between the Yenisey River and the Lena River. It developed from fragments of Laurasia, whose rocks were mainly Precambrian crystalline rocks, gneisses, and schists
North_Asia
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Eutheria
exception is smaller placentals such as rodents and primates, who left Laurasia and colonized Africa and then South America via rafting. In Africa, the
Placentalia
Land type during the late Carboniferous and Permian
Meganeura compared to modern dragonflies. Coal forests covered tropical Laurasia (Europe, eastern North America, northwesternmost Africa) and Cathaysia
Coal_forest
Extinct group of armored dinosaurs
supercontinent known as Gondwana. This was in contrast to the supercontinent of Laurasia in the Northern Hemisphere, with both originating from the breakup of Pangaea
Parankylosauria
Order of reptiles with a shell
Oldest Known Dispersal Event of the Crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (9): 709–731. Bibcode:2017JSPal
Turtle
Records of Earth's development
supercontinent, Pangaea. Around 180 Ma, Pangaea began to break up into Laurasia and Gondwana. The rate of the evolution of life as recorded by fossils
History_of_Earth
American origin of dinosaurs followed by simultaneous dispersals into Laurasia and east Gondwana. This was reassessed by Müller et al. (2025), who recognize
2025 in archosaur paleontology
2025_in_archosaur_paleontology
Ancient oceanic trench
Tethys Trench formed when the Cimmerian Plate was subducting under eastern Laurasia, around 200 million years ago, in the Early Jurassic. The Tethys Trench
Tethyan_Trench
555-515 Ma Gondwana Neoproterozoic 550 Ma Cimmeria Neoproterozoic 550 Ma Laurasia Neoproterozoic 550 Ma Cuyania Paleozoic ~420-390 Ma Chilenia Paleozoic
Chronology_of_continents
Extinct genus of turtle
Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event: A terrestrial stem turtle in the Cenozoic of Laurasia". Scientific Reports. 10 (1) 1489. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.1489P. doi:10
Laurasichersis
Mountain range in Eurasia
orogeny due to the collision of the eastern edge of the supercontinent Laurasia with the young and rheologically weak continent of Kazakhstania, which
Ural_Mountains
Extinct genus of scorpion from late Devinian Gondwana
land-dwelling animal from Gondwana, which in Devonian times was separated from Laurasia by a deep ocean. At the time, the fossil site was only 15° from the South
Gondwanascorpio
Failed microcontinent between Canada and Greenland
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
Davis Strait proto-microcontinent
Davis_Strait_proto-microcontinent
Stratigraphic Unit in Inner Mongolia
portal List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations List of Asian dinosaurs Laurasia Geology of Mongolia Cretaceous Mongolia Osborn, H. F. (1922). "Discovery
Iren_Dabasu_Formation
Invalid superorder of mammals
as a series of prior radiations related to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia allowing for more survivors. Van de Bussche, R. A.; Hoofer, S. R. (2004)
Archonta
Second part of the Jurassic geological period, from 174 to 161 million years ago
Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Eastern Laurasia was tectonically active as the Cimmerian
Middle_Jurassic
Paleomicrocontinent
years ago. It broke free into the Neo-Tethys Ocean and headed towards Laurasia. About 200 million years ago, the microcontinent of Iberia separated from
Greater_Adria
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
lobed-finned fishes. As early tetrapods are found on two Devonian continents, Laurasia and Gondwana, as well as the island of North China, it is widely supposed
Tetrapod
Species of tree
the Middle Jurassic. The genus Ginkgo diversified and spread throughout Laurasia during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The Ginkgophyta declined in diversity
Ginkgo_biloba
Family of wasps
aged Baltic amber. †Archaeromma is known from 10 species spread across Laurasia during the Cretaceous dating from the Albian to the Campanian. Mymaromma
Mymarommatidae
List of Earth's former oceans
Tethys Ocean, the ocean between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia Thalassa Ocean, the eastern part of the early Mesozoic Panthalassa Ocean
List_of_ancient_oceans
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Formation, middle Kimmeridgian age, about 154 million years ago) of Western Laurasia (the area that was to become North America). To date, Ornitholestes is
Ornitholestes
Small Precambrian ocean between Baltica and the Siberian continent
Paleo-Tethys to the south and east. The ocean formed when the landmass of Proto-Laurasia (shortly after the break-up of Pannotia, about 600 mya) rifted and created
Khanty_Ocean
Extinct clade of theropod dinosaurs
fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of Laurasia (now Asia, Europe and North America), as well as possibly Africa. The group
Ornithomimosauria
Ordovician or beginning of the Silurian it separated from Gondwana and joined Laurasia at the beginning of the Carboniferous, at the time of the Variscan orogeny
Hunic_superterrane
Topics referred to by the same term
Boreal Sea, was a Mesozoic-era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia The Caribbean Sea, from the 16th century, Europeans visiting the region
North_Sea_(disambiguation)
Extinct genus of reptiles
crocodyloids and planocraniids, with the later group being endemic to Laurasia and absent from the sebecosuchian-dominated Gondwana. However a major issue
Dentaneosuchus
Blue Mountains Province, northeastern Oregon". Late Jurassic Margin of Laurasia: A Record of Faulting Accommodating Plate Rotation. Vol. 513. Geological
Magmatic_lull
Combined landmasses of Europe and Asia
Assembly Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges Intermediate Region Laurasia – a geological supercontinent joining Eurasia and North America List of
Eurasia
Extinct genus of chordates
China, as well as providing a link to other Permian tetrapods found in Laurasia. The name of the genus is derived from Latin 'Hassiacus', the medieval
Hassiacoscutum
Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
about 1 Ga ago. Between 1–0.5 Ga Rodinia split into three new continents: Laurasia and East and West Gondwana; Atlantica became the nucleus of West Gondwana
Atlantica
Extinct genus of lizards
family of scincomorphs called Paramacellodidae, which spanned most of Laurasia during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous and represented one of the
Paramacellodus
Argentine paleontologist (1928–2020)
during the Cretaceous in Gondwana. The supercontinent of Pangea split into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south during the Jurassic. During the
José_Bonaparte
Clade of lobe-finned fish
extinction of many lineages following the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana, and Laurasia. Tetrapodomorpha Advanced tetrapodomorph Tiktaalik Tetrapodomorpha, tetrapods
Sarcopterygii
Order of arthropods (fossil)
primarily in the waters around and within the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. Only a handful of eurypterid groups spread beyond the confines of Euramerica
Eurypterid
Ocean that existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras
the combined mass of the three continents formed the "new" continent of Laurasia, which would itself be the northern component of the singular supercontinent
Iapetus_Ocean
Place in Castile-La Mancha, Spain
specimens originating from the supercontinent Gondwana as well as from Laurasia. National Statistics Institute (13 December 2025). "Municipal Register
Algora
Extinct order of conifers
Mesozoic. They are best known from the genus Palissya, which is found in Laurasia and Eastern Gondwana dating from the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous
Palissyales
One of Earth's eight biogeographic realms
North America remained joined to Eurasia as part of the supercontinent of Laurasia, while South America was part of the supercontinent of Gondwana. North
Nearctic_realm
Extant clade of dinosaurs
during the Early Jurassic and continued through to the Late Jurassic in Laurasia. They competed alongside their more anatomically advanced tetanuran relatives
Theropoda
Extinct family of reptiles
evidence on the Mesozoic paleogeography of Europe during the Gondwana-Laurasia split". Scientific Reports. 16 2842. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28504-6. Martin
Sebecidae
Collective Noun
divided along a divergent boundary into two continents, Gondwana land and Laurasia, separated by a primordial ocean, Paleo-Tethys Ocean. As the two continents
Hellenic_orogeny
Family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales
probably originated 83 million years ago somewhere in the supercontinent Laurasia. Despite their long evolutionary history on Earth, the extant orchid diversity
Orchid
Overview of mammals during the Mesozoic in Madagascar
arose in the south (Gondwana), not, as generally assumed, in the north (Laurasia). In 2001, however, paleontologist Zhe-Xi Luo and colleagues alternatively
Mesozoic mammals of Madagascar
Mesozoic_mammals_of_Madagascar
Extinct family of mammals
from the Middle Jurassic to Cenomanian, and have a distribution across Laurasia. The putative amphilestid Tendagurodon is considered a non-amphilestid
Amphilestidae
One of Earth's eight biogeographic realms
flora of Indomalaya blends elements from the ancient supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwana. Gondwanian elements were first introduced by India, which
Indomalayan_realm
Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
latitudes. Consequently, trade winds moved water away from Gondwana towards Laurasia in the northern Panthalassa Equatorial Current. When the western margins
Panthalassa
Superfamily of rodents
the Great American Interchange. Fossil taxa are known from throughout Laurasia. Geomyoids have been considered to be either sciuromorphous or myomorphous
Geomyoidea
Major climatic change and biotic turnover during the Triassic
continent. The new mountain range was forming on the southern side of Laurasia, and acted then as the Himalayas and Asia do today for the Indian Ocean
Carnian_pluvial_episode
Eurasia Oceania Prehistoric supercontinents Columbia Gondwana Kenorland Laurasia Nena Pangaea Pannotia Rodinia Ur Vaalbara Other prehistoric continents
List_of_Indigenous_peoples
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
dromaeosaurids was likely a consequence of the breakup of Pangaea into Gondwana and Laurasia, where the geological isolation of unenlagiines from their relatives resulted
Unenlagiinae
period, some 30 million years later, the supercontinent began to split into Laurasia and Gondwana. The largest inlet from Panthalassa, the superocean that surrounded
List_of_European_dinosaurs
Geologic depositional and structural basin in West Texas and southern New Mexico
the Ouachita Mountains of mid-Texas, and part of the northern continent Laurasia. Structurally the Delaware, Midland and Marfa were foreland basins created
Delaware_Basin
Highest mountain in Turkey
convergence and tectonic compression between the Arabian Platform and Laurasia that continued after the Tethys Ocean closed during the Eocene epoch along
Mount_Ararat
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