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British historian
Leonard Bertram Naman Schapiro CBE (22 April 1908 – 2 November 1983) was a British scholar of the origins and development of the Soviet political system
Leonard_Schapiro
Surname list
US Ambassador Boris Schapiro (1909–2002), British bridge player J. Salwyn Schapiro (1879–1973), American historian Leonard Schapiro (1908–1983), British
Schapiro
Supreme governing body of the RSFSR (1918–1937)
Советов рабочих и солдатских депутатов). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the
All-Russian Congress of Soviets
All-Russian_Congress_of_Soviets
been dismissive of the 1936 constitution as a propaganda document. Leonard Schapiro, for example, wrote in 1971: "The decision to alter the electoral system
1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
1936_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Russian writer (1818–1883)
Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 417. Schapiro, Leonard (1982). Turgenev, His Life and Times. Harvard University Press. p
Ivan_Turgenev
British historian (1919–2014)
published in 2005. De Madariaga was married to the barrister and historian Leonard Schapiro from 15 March 1943 to 1976. There were no children of the marriage
Isabel_de_Madariaga
Highest executive and administrative organ from 1946 to 1991
comparison with other organs of the Council of Ministers. British historian Leonard Schapiro, writes in his book The Government and Politics of the Soviet Union
Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Soviet_Union
1948–1977 UK government propaganda agency
Richard Crossman, Will Lawther, A. J. P. Taylor, Baron Wyatt of Weeford, Leonard Schapiro, Denis Healey, Douglas Hyde, Margarete Buber, Victor Kravchenko, W
Information Research Department
Information_Research_Department
Supreme political authority in Soviet Union
evolution of the Soviet political system after his death. Others, such as Leonard Schapiro, argue that the system itself evolved from an inner-party democratic
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union
New Zealand historian (1924–2023)
Communities. In 1988, Pocock delivered the Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture at the London School of Economics, which was subsequently published
J._G._A._Pocock
1872 novella by Ivan Turgenev
thoughts, and most intimate emotions. According to Turgenev's biographer Leonard Schapiro, the character of Gemma Roselli was inspired by an incident which took
Torrents_of_Spring
Historical work by E. H. Carr covering the Soviet Union from 1917–1929
seriously. Furthermore, Conquest maintained that Carr's opponents such as Leonard Schapiro, Adam Ulam, Bertram Wolfe and Robert C. Tucker had a far better understanding
A_History_of_Soviet_Russia
Political ideology emphasising the "common people"
Response to Undemocratic Liberalism (TheGovernment and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2019)". Government and Opposition. 56 (4): 577–597. doi:10
Populism
1981 book by Paul Hollander
brightest hopes for the human future. Reviewing the book on publication, Leonard Schapiro wrote that Hollander goal was, "to discover the motivation of the travelers
Political_Pilgrims
UK literary magazine
(11) Malcolm Rutherford (13) William Sansom (12) Vernon Scannell (27) Leonard Schapiro (10) Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. (12) Peter Scupham (10) Hugh Seton-Watson
Encounter_(magazine)
British diplomat, historian, and writer (1892–1982)
manuscript that eventually became The Origins of the Communist Autocracy by Leonard Schapiro on the ground that the subject of repression in the Soviet Union was
E._H._Carr
British lecturer on and translator of Russian literature (1924–1979)
Escape". The Times Literary Supplement. Retrieved 22 August 2026. Leonard Schapiro, "Max Hayward (1924–1979)", The New York Review of Books, July 19,
Max_Hayward
Political ideology
Response to Undemocratic Liberalism (The Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2019)". Government and Opposition. 56 (4): 577–597. doi:10
Valence_populism
Youth division of the CPSU
of the CPSU. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1978; p. 175. Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. New York: Random House, 1959;
Komsomol
historian and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica Simon Schama, historian Leonard Schapiro, historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, historian Charles Singer, historian
List_of_British_Jews
American scholar and left-wing activist (1896–1977)
Wolfe, Bertram D. (1981). A life in two centuries : an autobiography. Leonard Schapiro. New York: Stein and Day. ISBN 0-8128-2520-9. OCLC 3842861. "Humanist
Bertram_Wolfe
Secret meeting in Minsk 1898
Entsiklopediya, vol. III, col. 98; ibidem, vol. XI, col. 531, quoted in Leonard Schapiro. "The Role of the Jews in the Russian Revolutionary Movement", in Slavonic
1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1st_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party
Book by Vladimir Lenin
Political Life, vol. 1, p. 70. Alec Nove, "Lenin as Economist" in Leonard Schapiro and Peter Reddaway (eds.), Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader:
The Development of Capitalism in Russia
The_Development_of_Capitalism_in_Russia
Highest executive and administrative organ in the Soviet Union
formal organs of authority, in both party and state." British academic Leonard Schapiro contended that "Stalin's style of rule was characterised by how rule
Government of the Soviet Union
Government_of_the_Soviet_Union
American politician and academic (1942–2024)
research at the London School of Economics, where he studied under Leonard Schapiro, the foremost expert on Soviet affairs. Prior to entering the United
Jim_Leach
Political ideology
Response to Undemocratic Liberalism (The Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2019)". Government and Opposition. 56 (4): 577–597. doi:10
Centrist_populism
American journalist and historian of Russia
at the London School of Economics, where he would go on to win the Leonard Schapiro Prize "for excellence in Russian studies". Klebnikov wrote his doctoral
Paul_Klebnikov
1917 decree regarding military affairs
in Boyd, "The Origins of Order Number 1," 359-360. See for example, Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy (London, 1956), 23. See Boyd
Petrograd_Soviet_Order_No._1
and Communism together with Sir John Lawrence, and with the help of Leonard Schapiro and Peter Reddaway, later Professor of Political Science and International
Keston_Institute
Month in 1917
remembers transitional times". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. p. 2. Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the
June_1917
1909 Russian philosophical anthology
Slavonic and East European Review 42, no. 99 (1964): 332–52. [2]. Leonard Schapiro, 'The Vekhi Group and the Mystique of Revolution', in Russian Studies
Vekhi
Month of 1927
File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life (Taylor & Francis, 2003) p. 178 Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1960)
November_1927
Schama, British historian J. Salwyn Schapiro, American historian of modern Europe Leonard Schapiro, historian Meyer Schapiro, Lithuanian-born American art historian
List_of_Jewish_historians
1959 biography of Leon Trotsky by Isaac Deutscher
Affairs. 36 (2). Royal Institute of International Affairs: 225–226. Leonard Schapiro (1960). "Review of The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky, 1921-1929 by Isaac
The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky, 1921–1929
The_Prophet_Unarmed:_Trotsky,_1921–1929
Siegfried Sassoon, buried on Mull, where he spent much of his childhood Leonard Schapiro, historian Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, contemporary Torah scholar and
List_of_Scottish_Jews
American actor and filmmaker (1925–2008)
Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, filmmaker, racecar driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He has
Paul_Newman
Political party in Russia
Lenin, V. I. Concerning the Expulsion from the Party of S. A. Lozovsky Leonard Schapiro (1956). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (of Internationalists)
Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(of_Internationalists)
Revolutionary political party in Russia from 1917 to 1921
3. London: Continuum International. p. 297. ISBN 0-8264-5054-7. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
Left_Socialist-Revolutionaries
British historian and translator
with a vacation home in Bonndorf, Germany. Russian Studies, ed. by Leonard Schapiro, 1986 A Question of Madness, by Zhores A. Medvedev and Roy A. Medvedev
Ellen_Dahrendorf
Month in 1917
ISBN 0-15-682750-6, p. 263. "U 99". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 October 2012. Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the
July_1917
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Malapportionment and Gerrymandering, UK-Style: (The Government and Opposition /Leonard Schapiro Memorial Lecture, 2014)". Government and Opposition. 50 (1): 1–23.
Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
Parliamentary_Constituencies_Act_1986
Month in 1917
ISBN 5-256-00175-2. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2015-06-08. Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the
November_1917
Irish modernist poet and diplomat (died 1959 in Ireland) 22 April – Leonard Schapiro, scholar of Russian politics (died 1983 in London) 27 April – Mary
1908_in_Scotland
2009 shooting in Pensacola, Florida, United States
Contract Hit, Say Police". CBS News. Retrieved August 29, 2009. Kates, Brian; Schapiro, Rich (July 14, 2009). "More arrests in murder of Byrd and Melanie Billings;
Murders of Byrd and Melanie Billings
Murders_of_Byrd_and_Melanie_Billings
British Jewish family known for political and philanthropic activity
m. Joe Levy Bette Wolfson (1911–1993), m. Harold Schapiro of New York Stuart Schapiro Gerald Schapiro Dolly Wolfson (1913–1999), m. Joe Jacobson and then
Wolfson_family
1921 anti-Bolshevik revolt in Russia
Russian and East European History. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-03761-2. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy Political Opposition
Kronstadt_rebellion
American politician
Technology". Retrieved 3 February 2017. Service, Olympia Meola and Jeff E. Schapiro, Media General News. "Republicans pressure VITA interim CIO Pomata to relinquish
Leonard_Pomata
1970 musical
adaptation by director Robert H. Livingston and additional lyricist Herb Schapiro was inspired by the anthologized writings of nearly 200 New York City students
The_Me_Nobody_Knows
Italian-German-American violinist (born 1984)
Scheu vor großer Geste Der Geiger... | Rhein-Main-Zeitung". www.genios.de. Schapiro, Rich (September 17, 2014). "German violinist Augustin Hadelich plays 'America
Augustin_Hadelich
Russian writer (1799–1837)
Schapiro, Leonard (1967). Rationalism and Nationalism in Russian Nineteenth Century Political Thought. Yale University Press. pp. 48–50. Schapiro writes
Alexander_Pushkin
Executive committee of a communist party
Authoritarian Rule. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139561075. Schapiro, Leonard Bertram (1 January 1971). The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Politburo
Watchdog organization
are giving but the Lord's,' said Rusty Leonard, founder and CEO of MinistryWatch, an accountability group. Schapiro, Rich; Strickler, Laura (December 18
MinistryWatch
1860 novel by Ivan Turgenev
Lover." It premiered at Baltimore's Center Stage theater in 1996. Schapiro, Leonard (1982). Turgenev: His Life and Times. Harvard University Press. p
On_the_Eve
Doctrine that the political authority of the state is legitimate to some degree
Utopianism and Organisation. London, England: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84972-734-1. Schapiro, Leonard (1972). Totalitarianism. New York City, New York: Praeger.
Statism
Rosenthal[citation needed] Louise Rosskam Arthur Rothstein Eva Rubinstein Steve Schapiro Herb Scharfman Jerry Schatzberg Paul Schutzer David Seymour Ben Shahn Art
List of Jewish American photographers
List_of_Jewish_American_photographers
American mass murderer (1992–2012)
Archived from the original on October 18, 2025. Retrieved February 19, 2026. Schapiro, Rich (April 22, 2016). "Ex-psychiatrist to Sandy Hook shooter Adam Lanza
Adam_Lanza
American investment company
original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2019. Marcius, Chelsia Rose; Schapiro, Rich (May 23, 2018). "Anti-gun protesters rally outside BlackRock shareholder
BlackRock
Planned skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022. Gearty, Robert; Jackson, Joe; Schapiro, Rich (March 26, 2010). "World Trade Center developer Larry Silverstein
2_World_Trade_Center
American serial killer case (1993–2010)
case". Pix11. Retrieved August 17, 2026. Planas, Antonio; Winter, Tom; Schapiro, Rich (May 14, 2022). "911 tapes released after 12 years in case of missing
Gilgo_Beach_serial_killings
American singer (1940–2020)
honours Neville Willoughby". Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved June 5, 2020. Jelly-Schapiro, Joshua (June 11, 2012). "Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Island Records".
Johnny_Nash
Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and politician
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (1970). Memories of Lenin. London: Panther. p. 180. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy – Political Opposition
Viktor_Nogin
American writer of memoir, journalism and biography
publications and include profiles of art historian Meyer Schapiro and musicians Vladimir Horowitz and Leonard Bernstein. Epstein is the author, co-author, translator
Helen_Epstein
International Relations Department of the Central Committee of the SED Schapiro, Leonard. "The International Department of the CPSU: Key to Soviet Policy."
International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
International_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union
Island jail complex in New York City
clinical settings including Rikers Island, New York City's largest jail... Schapiro, Rich (March 18, 2017). "Potential closure of Rikers Island is opportunity
Rikers_Island
American singer and actress (born 1942)
Tumultuous Career of Barbra Streisand. Thomas Dunne. ISBN 978-0-312-34879-3. Schapiro, Steve; Schiller, Lawrence (2016). Barbra Streisand. Taschen. ISBN 9783836563239
Barbra_Streisand
American gangster and crime boss (1929–2018)
The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2020. Williams, Pete; Winter, Tom; Schapiro, Rich (October 30, 2018). "Notorious mob boss Whitey Bulger found dead
Whitey_Bulger
2012 mass shooting in Connecticut, US
2013. Retrieved December 14, 2012. Lysiak, Matthew; Slattery, Denis; Schapiro, Rich (December 14, 2012). "Sandy Hook mass murderer Adam Lanza, 20, 'deeply
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting
American legal theorist and judge (1889–1957)
Gadsby Cary Cohen Budge Casey B. Cook Garrett Hills Williams Shad Ruder Breeden Levitt Pitt Donaldson Cox Schapiro Walter White Clayton Gensler Atkins
Jerome_Frank
Old English alliterative poem
Christi: Perspectives in Paradox". American Benedictine Review. 27: 170–76. Schapiro, Meyer (September 1944). "The Religious Meaning of the Ruthwell Cross"
The_Dream_of_the_Rood
1987 novel by Toni Morrison
University: 51–9. doi:10.2307/3042076. ISSN 1062-4783. JSTOR 3042076. Schapiro, Barbara (1991). "The Bonds of Love and the Boundaries of Self in Toni
Beloved_(novel)
1874 Russian populist movement
Labor Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-29900-1. Schapiro, Leonard (1982) [1978]. Turgenev, His Life and Times. Harvard University Press
Going_to_the_People
Private college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, US
of 2009, South Academic Building was renamed Schapiro Hall in honor of former president Morton O. Schapiro. In spring 2010 the North Academic Building
Williams_College
Russian revolutionary
Russia. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 159–60. ISBN 0-671-20387-8. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition
Gavril_Myasnikov
Husband of Mary and legal father of Jesus
Gallery, London". www.nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2024. Meyer Schapiro, 'Muscipula Diaboli', The Symbolism of the Merode Altarpiece In: Art Bulletin
Saint_Joseph
Annual prize by the MacArthur Foundation
psychologist Robert Morris Sapolsky, neuroendocrinologist and primatologist Meyer Schapiro, art historian John H. Schwarz, physicist Jon Seger, evolutionary ecologist
MacArthur_Fellows_Program
Belarusian revolutionary (1855–1882)
p. 77. ISBN 0-08-037461-1. The Times. London. 7 April 1881. p. 5. Schapiro, Leonard (December 1961). "The Rôle of the Jews in the Russian Revolutionary
Hesya_Helfman
New York-based organized crime group
Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved July 29, 2023. Schapiro, Rich (July 9, 2013). "Well-armed Bonnano crime crew busted on charges
Bonanno_crime_family
Siegfried Sassoon Henriette Sauret Dorothy L. Sayers Jack Schaefer Meyer Schapiro Bernhard Schlink James Schuyler André Schwarz-Bart Paul Scott Gil Scott-Heron
List_of_20th-century_writers
Soviet politician (1895–1971)
Praeger. pp. 230, 233. Schapiro, Leonard. The Origin of the Communist Autocracy. pp. 271, 275, 279, 282, 286, 288. Schapiro, Leonard. The Origin of the Communist
Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev
French philosopher and anarchist (1809–1865)
struggle", but rather in "parliamentary activity". In 1945, J. Salwyn Schapiro wrote an article titled Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Harbinger of Fascism with
Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon
Civilian-staffed law enforcement agency of the U.S. Army
Kimberly Munley?". Time. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Schapiro, Rick (2009-11-12). "Civilian cop Mark Todd was REAL hero whose shots ended
Department of the Army Civilian Police
Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police
Intense, irrational attraction
Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2026. Schapiro, Leonard (1978). Turgenev: His Life and Times. Oxford University Press. p. 10
Infatuation
American thoroughbred racetrack near Laurel, Maryland
club sold the track to Morris Schapiro, who appointed his youngest son, John D. Schapiro, as track president. Schapiro renamed the track Laurel Race Course
Laurel_Park_(race_track)
Soviet military officer and politician (1881–1969)
Volume Two: The Revolutionary in Power. London: Panther. p. 74. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition
Kliment_Voroshilov
Soviet revolutionary and politician (1888–1938)
Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2020. Schapiro, Leonard (April 1979). "The Move to Rehabilitate Bukharin". The World Today
Nikolai_Bukharin
Soviet politician (1893–1991)
Lazar, p. 8. Schapiro, Leonard (1970). The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. London: Methuen. pp. 252–53, 452. ISBN 0-416-18380-8. Schapiro. The Communist
Lazar_Kaganovich
Former pupils of Clifton College in Bristol in the West of England
Pollock – English chess master Lily Owsley – Hockey GB and England Boris Schapiro – bridge player Simon Hazlitt – Hockey GB and England W. O. Bentley – founder
List_of_Old_Cliftonians
Destructive fires in New York City, US
culture, NYC history". NY1. Spectrum News. Retrieved April 5, 2025. Jelly-Schapiro, Joshua (November 4, 2019). "How the Burning of the Bronx Led to the Birth
1970s South Bronx building fires
1970s_South_Bronx_building_fires
2023 police killing of American man
original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 30, 2023 – via YouTube. Schapiro, Rich; Schuppe, Jon; Weichselbaum, Simone; Samee Ali, Safia (February 2
Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols
Award for best Broadway musical
Sondheim Harold Prince The Me Nobody Knows Book by Robert H. Livingston, Herb Schapiro, and Stephen M. Joseph, Music by Gary William Friedman, Lyrics by Will
Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical
1920–1921 Bolshevik political debate
volumes, Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, vol. 2, pp. 256–274. Schapiro, Leonard (1977) The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition
Trade_union_debate
Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet bureaucrat (1884–1937)
August 1917 – February 1918. London: Pluto Press. 1974. pp. 100–101. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition
Vladimir_Milyutin
American politician (born 1970)
(August 29, 2002). "Black Leaders Decry Phony Handguns". The New York Sun. Schapiro, Julie; Colvin, Jill (November 7, 2012). "New York Elections 2012: Gillibrand
Hakeem_Jeffries
1987 film
Classification. August 24, 1987. Retrieved September 12, 2025. Leonard Maltin. Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide. Plume, 1995. VV.AA. Variety Film
He's_My_Girl
Single-engine high-wing monoplane, 1946-1950
Stinson 108," April 12, 2021, Flying Magazine, retrieved September 30, 2023 Schapiro, Steve: "Aircraft Spotlight: The Stinson 108 Combines the Romance of Early
Stinson_108
Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and labor leader
with the growth of bureaucracy within the Russian Communist Party. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition
Yury_Lutovinov
Ukrainian revolutionary and politician (1890–1937)
Stanford CA: Hoover Institution Press. p. 311. ISBN 0-8179-1211-8. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition
Georgy_Pyatakov
Russian revolutionary, Marxist theorist, Soviet politician, economist and agronomist
(1966). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-23. Vol. 2. Pelican. p. 91. Schapiro, Leonard (1965). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy - Political O.OI#/9Upposition
Valerian_Obolensky
Nigerian attempted bomber (born 1986)
Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2016. Schapiro, Rich (27 December 2009). "Flight 253 terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab
Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab
Neighborhood in New York City
Brooklyn, Nathan Schapiro prospered as a paper-and-twine jobber. ... Like many another brilliant Jewish student at that time, [Meyer Schapiro] found a second
Brownsville,_Brooklyn
travel, tourism, insurance
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
LEONARD SCHAPIRO
travel, tourism, insurance