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Diagrams for the bonding between atoms of a molecule and lone pairs of electrons
Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs) – are diagrams
Lewis_structure
Graphic representation of a molecular structure
multiple types of ways to draw these structural formulas such as: Lewis structures, condensed formulas, skeletal formulas, Newman projections, Cyclohexane
Structural_formula
Description of a molecule's true bond structure as a combination of structures
cannot be adequately described by a single Lewis structure. For many chemical species, a single Lewis structure, consisting of atoms obeying the octet rule
Resonance_(chemistry)
Arrangement of interrelated elements in an object/system, or the object/system itself
be represented by a variety of diagrams called structural formulas. Lewis structures use a dot notation to represent the valence electrons for an atom;
Structure
One of two foundational theories of quantum chemistry
structure resembles a Lewis structure, but when a molecule cannot be fully represented by a single Lewis structure, multiple valence bond structures are
Valence_bond_theory
Triplet state of the dioxygen molecule
paramagnetic; i.e., it can be attracted to the poles of a magnet. Thus, the Lewis structure O=O with all electrons in pairs does not accurately represent the nature
Triplet_oxygen
Hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule based on its valence shell
that atom in a Lewis structure. When determining the best Lewis structure (or predominant resonance structure) for a molecule, the structure is chosen such
Formal_charge
Chemical bond by sharing of electron pairs
unit of radiant energy). He introduced the Lewis notation or electron dot notation or Lewis dot structure, in which valence electrons (those in the outer
Covalent_bond
Representation method in chemistry
by the Lewis structure of molecules and their valence electrons. Hence they are sometimes termed Kekulé structures or Lewis–Kekulé structures. Skeletal
Skeletal_formula
Triatomic molecule
several traditional and advanced bonding models such as simple Lewis and VSEPR structure, valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory, isovalent hybridization
Chemical_bonding_of_water
Bonding orbital used in quantum chemistry
ideally close to 2.000, providing the most accurate possible “natural Lewis structure” of ψ. A high percentage of electron density (denoted %-ρL), often
Natural_bond_orbital
Chemical bond between two atoms
either of the orbitals which overlap in the bonding process. As a Lewis structure, a single bond is denoted as AːA or A-A, for which A represents an
Single_bond
Hypothetical charge of an atom if all its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic
its Lewis structure. when the isolated tandem of a heteronuclear and a homonuclear bond leads to a bonding compromise in between two Lewis structures of
Oxidation_state
Pair of valence electrons which are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond
outermost electron shell of atoms. They can be identified by using a Lewis structure. Electron pairs are therefore considered lone pairs if two electrons
Lone_pair
Early atomic model
article by Lewis also introduced the concept of the electron pair in the covalent bond, the octet rule, and the now-called Lewis structure. Single covalent
Cubical_atom
Mixing (superposition) of atomic orbitals
heuristic for rationalizing the structures of organic compounds. It gives a simple orbital picture equivalent to Lewis structures. Hybridisation theory is an
Orbital_hybridisation
Isomers of chemical compounds that interconvert
forms are merely alternative Lewis structure (valence bond theory) depictions of a single chemical species, whose true structure is a quantum superposition
Tautomer
Theory in computational chemistry
list of NBOs for an idealized natural Lewis structure, the NRT functional creates a list of Lewis resonance structures and calculates the resonance weights
Natural_resonance_theory
Method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics
and can be seen from the bond energy. For covalent molecules, the Lewis structure can generally predict the geometry of electron pairs and of the molecule
Molecular_orbital_theory
Molecular orbital
are the equivalent in molecular orbital theory of the lone pairs in Lewis structures. The energy level of a non-bonding orbital is typically in between
Non-bonding_orbital
Topics referred to by the same term
Lewis (1861), a sailing ship USS Lewis (DE-535), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1946 Lewis structure, a diagram of a molecule that shows
Lewis
Chemical compound
bonding of so-called hypervalent molecules.) The commonly accepted Lewis structure of orthonitrate shows only single bonds, in accordance with the lack
Orthonitrate
Chemical rule of thumb
18-electron rule and the valence electron count can vary between 12 and 18. Lewis structure Electron counting Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, Alan G. (2005)
Octet_rule
in his famous 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, Lewis introduced the "Lewis structure" to represent atoms and molecules, where dots represent
History_of_molecular_theory
Anion of sulfur with 4 oxygen atoms
with four single bonds is the optimal Lewis structure rather than the one with two double bonds (thus the Lewis model, not the Pauling model). In the
Sulfate
Two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital but have opposite spins
production Frustrated Lewis pair Jemmis mno rules Lewis acids and bases Lewis structure Nucleophile Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory Lewis, Gilbert N. (1916)
Electron_pair
Association of atoms to form chemical compounds
Lewis' only his model assumed complete transfers of electrons between atoms, and was thus a model of ionic bonding. Both Lewis and Kossel structured their
Chemical_bond
Scientific theory
monograph and 1964 book, this method expands on the electron dot structures pioneered by G. N. Lewis. While the theory retains the requirement for fulfilling
Linnett_double-quartet_theory
Chemical compound
nitrogen, this material is classified as a binary nitride. From the Lewis structure perspective, it can be represented with a P-N triple bond with a lone
Phosphorus_mononitride
American physical chemist (1875–1946)
California, Berkeley. Lewis was best known for his discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions
Gilbert_N._Lewis
Study of the 3D shapes of molecules
Commons has media related to Molecular geometry. Jemmis mno rules Lewis structure Molecular design software Molecular graphics Molecular mechanics Molecular
Molecular_geometry
Topics referred to by the same term
conjugated system of bonds in its Lewis structure This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lewis conjugate. If an internal link
Lewis_conjugate
Chemical bond theory
A Lewis acid is a chemical species that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct
Lewis_acids_and_bases
English literary critic and Catholic priest (born 1968)
of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and G. K. Chesterton. He is best known for his book Planet Narnia, in which he argues that Lewis structured The Chronicles
Michael_Ward_(scholar)
Topics referred to by the same term
Foot-candle (symbol fc or ft-c), a unit of illumination Formal charge, a Lewis structure concept in chemistry Fuel cell, an electrochemical cell that converts
FC
Salt or ester of carbonic acid
ion, HCO3−, which is the conjugate base of H2CO3, carbonic acid. The Lewis structure of the carbonate ion has two (long) single bonds to negative oxygen
Carbonate
coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) The tallest structure in the world is the Burj Khalifa, a skyscraper at 828 m (2,717 ft). Listed
List_of_tallest_structures
System of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule
equivalent conjugated contributing Lewis structures (the so-called Kekulé structures) that predominate. The true electronic structure is therefore a quantum-mechanical
Conjugated_system
Model for predicting molecular geometry
the valence shell of a central atom is determined after drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule, and expanding it to show all bonding groups and lone
VSEPR_theory
American politician and civil rights leader (1940–2020)
John Robert Lewis (February 21, 1940 – July 17, 2020) was an American civil rights activist and statesman who served in the United States House of Representatives
John_Lewis
Chemical reaction between an acid and a base
Deprotonation Donor number Electron configuration Gutmann–Beckett method Lewis structure Nucleophilic substitution Neutralization (chemistry) Protonation Redox
Acid–base_reaction
Anion and term for chemical compounds containing it
The chlorate ion cannot be satisfactorily represented by just one Lewis structure, since all the Cl–O bonds are the same length (1.49 Å in potassium
Chlorate
Area in Alberta, Canada
adoption of the Lewis Farms Area Structure Plan, which guides the overall development of the area. The community is represented by the Lewis Estates Community
Lewis_Farms,_Edmonton
Charged chemical group of the form >CO–
pansies and edible plants such as eggplant and blueberry. The best Lewis structure for an oxocarbenium ion contains an oxygen–carbon double bond, with
Oxocarbenium
Class of organic compounds
this approach suitable for aqueous biomolecule functionalization. Lewis structure for meso-tetraphenylporphyrin UV–vis readout for meso-tetraphenylporphyrin
Porphyrin
English painter and writer (1882–1957)
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a Canadian-born British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement
Wyndham_Lewis
NRHP-listed site in Chehalis, Washington
The Lewis County Courthouse is a neo-classical Beaux-Arts inspired courthouse located in Chehalis, Washington. The structure was listed on the National
Lewis County Courthouse (Washington)
Lewis_County_Courthouse_(Washington)
Series of chemical compounds
orbital (NBO) analysis provides possible Lewis structures of a molecule and has been carried out to assess the structure of H 2C 2PF+ 2. Similar to the aromatic
Phosphirenium_ion
American writer and journalist (born 1960)
Michael Monroe Lewis is an American author and financial journalist. From 2009 to 2026, he was a contributing editor to Vanity Fair, writing mostly on
Michael_Lewis
Upcoming parody film by Josh Greenbaum
and Daphne Zuniga reprising their roles from the previous film, while Lewis Pullman, Keke Palmer, Gad, and Anthony Carrigan join the cast. Like its
Spaceballs:_The_New_One
Ion with a positively charged carbon atom
CMe+3. Although classical carbenium ions have a structure that corresponds to a non-bridging Lewis structure, donation of electron density from neighboring
Carbocation
American psychologist (1932–2026)
Lewis Robert Goldberg (January 28, 1932 – March 29, 2026) was an American personality psychologist and academic who was a professor emeritus at the University
Lewis_Goldberg
Light machine gun
The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States
Lewis_gun
Product of direct addition of two or more distinct molecules
of the copper atoms within the structure. This reaction can also be considered a reaction between a base and a Lewis acid where the copper atom plays
Adduct
Suspended structure architecture
A suspended structure is a structure which is supported by cables coming from beams or trusses which sit atop a concrete center column or core. The design
Suspended_structure
This is a list of the tallest structures in the US that are at least 350 meters, ordered by height. Most are guyed masts used for FM- and TV-broadcasting:
List of tallest structures in the United States by height
List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_United_States_by_height
sulfurs (structure 2), which has a Chirgwin–Coulson weight of 0.06. This result corresponds nicely with the general rules regarding Lewis structures, namely
Chirgwin–Coulson_weights
Historic house in Connecticut, United States
The Isaac Lewis House is a historic house at 50 Paradise Green Places in Stratford, Connecticut. It is a large two story wood-frame structure, five bays
Isaac Lewis House (Stratford, Connecticut)
Isaac_Lewis_House_(Stratford,_Connecticut)
1929 book by Lewis Namier
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III is the title of a book written by Lewis Namier. At the time of its first publication in 1929,
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
The_Structure_of_Politics_at_the_Accession_of_George_III
Canadian musician (born 1984)
Dinner – Volume 2. Lewis has also played on the JUNO Award-winning albums Clear Day by jazz singer Emilie-Claire Barlow, and Root Structure by jazz bassist
Larnell_Lewis
Public high school in Maryland, USA
Baltimore native Reginald F. Lewis. The school is situated in the former Northern High School and shares the structure with the W. E. B. Du Bois High
Reginald_F._Lewis_High_School
Word consisting of two words
is a two-part piece of luggage that was first applied metaphorically in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass (1871) to describe the combination of
Portmanteau
US military installation near Tacoma, Washington, US
Joint Base Lewis–McChord (JBLM) is a U.S. installation located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south-southwest of Tacoma, Washington, operated by the United States
Joint_Base_Lewis–McChord
Combining capacity of elements with other atoms
modern theories of chemical bonding, including the cubical atom (1902), Lewis structures (1916), valence bond theory (1927), molecular orbitals (1928), valence
Valence_(chemistry)
Polytomic cation (N–N–N–N–N)
23 September 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2018. "Method of drawing the Lewis Structures of N+ 5". Chemistry Net Blogspot. Blogger. 31 October 2012. Retrieved
Pentazenium
Use of metal-based Lewis acids to catalyze organic reactions
stereoinduction models. The models have their roots in knowledge of the structures of Lewis acid-carbonyl complexes which, through decades of research in theoretical
Lewis_acid_catalysis
Music genre
basis of musical structure and improvisation, as did free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal structures. Jazz fusion appeared
Jazz
Formalism used for classifying compounds
their electronic structure and bonding. Many rules in chemistry rely on electron-counting: Octet rule is used with Lewis structures for main group elements
Electron_counting
Chemical compound
boron atom; the BC3 core is planar. It has been described as the “ideal Lewis acid” because of its high thermal stability and the relative inertness of
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane
American scholar and writer (1895–1990)
Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly
Lewis_Mumford
Chemical compound
illustrated below. The standard Lewis structure of borole captures more than 50% of the overall electronic structure according to Natural Resoanance Theory
Borole
2002 film by Martin Scorsese
book The Gangs of New York. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Cameron Diaz, along with Jim Broadbent, John C. Reilly, Henry Thomas
Gangs_of_New_York
British anthropologist (1930–2014)
James Currey. ISBN 9780852554838. Lewis, Ioan (1962). "Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure". The Journal of African History
Ioan_Lewis
Series of children's novels by C. S. Lewis
Narnia is a series of seven portal fantasy novels by British author C. S. Lewis. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes and originally published between 1950 and
The_Chronicles_of_Narnia
British retail company
John Lewis Partnership PLC is a British company that operates John Lewis & Partners department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, financial services and a
John_Lewis_Partnership
Branch of chemistry which studies 3D structure of molecules
OCLC 810442747. Glusker, Jenny Pickworth (1994). Crystal structure analysis for chemists and biologists. Lewis, Mitchell; Rossi, Miriam. New York: VCH. ISBN 0-89573-273-4
Structural_chemistry
Wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule
correspond more closely to the "bonds" of a molecule as depicted by a Lewis structure. As a disadvantage, the energy levels of these localized orbitals no
Molecular_orbital
Bridge between Oregon and Washington, U.S.
the original (PDF) on September 21, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2016. "Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail: Bridge of the Gods, Part 1". US National
Bridge of the Gods (modern structure)
Bridge_of_the_Gods_(modern_structure)
Structure formed by double-stranded molecules
the double helix is the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double-helical structure of a nucleic acid complex
Nucleic_acid_double_helix
Polish-born British historian (1888–1960)
Lewis Namier. Review of The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III Isaiah Berlin on Lewis Namier in his book Personal Impressions Lewis
Lewis_Namier
Proposed momentum exchange tether
capture-ejector rim is a variation that consists of a rim- or ring-shaped structure. Like a rotating skyhook, it would rotate in a direction opposite to its
Skyhook_(structure)
How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
In grammar, sentence and clause structure, commonly known as sentence composition, is the classification of sentences based on the number and kind of
Sentence_clause_structure
Seed-bearing part of a flowering plant
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means
Fruit
American political boss and mobster (1883–1968)
Enoch Lewis "Nucky" Johnson (January 20, 1883 - December 9, 1968) was an American politician from the Republican Party who served as an Atlantic City
Enoch_L._Johnson
Most northerly point of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland
The Butt of Lewis (Scottish Gaelic: Rubha Robhanais) is the most northerly point on the Island of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The headland
Butt_of_Lewis
Chemical compound
isomer cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure, and requires a resonance of two Lewis structures, or can be described by a single formula with
Hexaphosphabenzene
Chemical compound
is a Lewis acid, being capable of expanding its coordination number of six to eight. The complex displays a particular affinity for "hard" Lewis bases
EuFOD
United States historic place
Lewis County Fairgrounds is a historic fairground and national historic district located at Lowville in Lewis County, New York. The district includes
Lewis_County_Fairgrounds
Two-electron chemical bond where both electrons derive from the same atom
drawing Lewis structures by maximizing bonding (using electron-sharing bonds) and minimizing formal charges would predict heterocumulene structures, and
Coordinate_covalent_bond
American singer and actor (1917–1995)
gained his career breakthrough together with comedian Jerry Lewis, billed as Martin and Lewis, in 1946. They performed in nightclubs and later had numerous
Dean_Martin
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Brønsted–Lowry
Acid
Ion
with SO2, and has a bent structure with a bond angle close to 120°. The Cl–O bond is of bond order 1.5, with its Lewis structure consisting of a double
Chloryl
American jazz big band
small group style of drumming into the structure of a big band. His cymbal work became a hallmark of the Jones/Lewis Orchestra. Jones's arrangements influenced
The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra
The_Thad_Jones/Mel_Lewis_Orchestra
US Supreme Court justice from 1972 to 1987
Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. (September 19, 1907 – August 25, 1998) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court
Lewis_F._Powell_Jr.
2012 film by Steven Spielberg
biographical film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln. The film features Sally Field
Lincoln_(film)
Class of chemical compounds
analysis is not supported by computational analyses. In terms of simple Lewis structure, the bond is more accurately represented as a dative bond, as is currently
Phosphine_oxides
Concepts in chemistry
orbital theory containing modernized analogs of classical (valence bond/Lewis structure) bonding pairs and lone pairs. For the hydrogen fluoride molecule,
Sigma-pi and equivalent-orbital models
Sigma-pi_and_equivalent-orbital_models
Historic slave quarters in Virginia, United States
The Arcola Slave Quarters were built circa 1800 on the grounds of the Lewis plantation at Arcola in Loudoun County, Virginia. The plantation house was
Arcola_Slave_Quarters
1996 compilation album by Various Artists
"Dear Hip Hop" – Contains a sample of "The Look of Love" by Ramsey Lewis "Structure Foundation" – Contains a sample of "Salt Song" by Stanley Turrentine
Rap_Essentials_Volume_One
London. For two centuries since 1710, St Paul's Cathedral was the tallest structure in London. While early skyscrapers sprouted in the late 19th and early
List of tallest buildings and structures in London
List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_London
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LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
LEWIS STRUCTURE
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