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Writing system from Elam
Linear Elamite was a writing system used in Elam during the Bronze Age between c. 2300 and 1850 BCE, and known mainly from a few extant monumental inscriptions
Linear_Elamite
Extinct language of the ancient Elamites of Iran
in 1987 by W. Hinz and H. Koch. The Linear Elamite script however, one of the scripts used to write the Elamite language c. 2000 BC, had remained elusive
Elamite_language
Early Bronze Age writing system in present-day Iran
The Proto-Elamite script is a writing system used briefly during the early Bronze Age before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform. It remains largely
Proto-Elamite_script
Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC
system. The Elamite language endonym for Elam as a country appears to have been Hatamti ( in Linear Elamite), or Haltamti (Cuneiform Elamite: 𒁹𒄬𒆷𒁶𒋾
Elam
King of Elam
Susa Puzur-Inshushinak (Linear Elamite: Puzur Sušinak; Akkadian: 𒌋𒌋𒀭𒈹𒂞, puzur3-dinšušinak, also 𒅤𒊭𒀭𒈹𒂞, puzur4-dinšušinak "Inshushinak (is) protection";
Puzur-Inshushinak
Rediscovery of a language or script's meaning
of cuneiform and the decipherment of Linear B. A notable decipherment in recent years is that of the Linear Elamite script, in 2022. Today, at least a dozen
Decipherment
Tutelary god of Susa
Inshushinak (also Šušinak, Šušun; Linear Elamite: Insušinak, Cuneiform: 𒀭𒈹𒂞 dInšušinak) was the tutelary god of the city of Susa in Elam. His name has
Inshushinak
Elamite god
Napirisha (Linear Elamite: Napirriša) was a major Elamite deity. He likely originated from Anshan. The name Napirisha is written logographically as dGAL
Napirisha
Script used to write the Elamite language
Elamite cuneiform was a logo-syllabic script used to write the Elamite language. The corpus of Elamite cuneiform consists of tablets and fragments. The
Elamite_cuneiform
Early proto-writing system
proto-elamite was only used for a short period, and disappeared without apparent posterity, even though it is a possible precursor to Linear Elamite. Uruk
Proto-cuneiform
based on an alphabet; some alphabetic characteristics remain) Linear Elamite – Elamite language Paleohispanic semi-syllabaries – Paleo-Hispanic languages
List_of_writing_systems
Topics referred to by the same term
specifically, Linear A of Crete Linear B of Crete Linear Elamite This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Linear script. If an
Linear_script
Japanese kanji not in the lists of jōyō kanji
Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Jindai moji Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Linear Elamite Lisu Loma Nüshu Nwagu Aneke script Old Persian cuneiform Sumerian
Hyōgai_kanji
Ancient city in Iran
name Susa is of Elamite origin and has appeared in many languages: Middle Elamite: 𒀸𒋗𒊺𒂗, romanized: Šušen Middle and Neo-Elamite: 𒋢𒋢𒌦, romanized: Šušun
Susa
Archaeological site in Iran
sherd excavated from Shahdad in 1971 had what is thought to be a 6 sign Linear Elamite inscription. The site was a major center of metal extraction and processing
Shahdad_(archaeological_site)
Writing system of the ancient Near East
4th century BC. Elamite cuneiform at times competed with other local scripts, Proto-Elamite and Linear Elamite. The earliest known Elamite cuneiform text
Cuneiform
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
Script Paleo-Hebrew Script Eblaite Egyptian Egyptian Hieroglyphs Elamite Linear Elamite Elamite Cuneiform Eteocypriot Cypriot Syllabary Gutian Hattic Hittite
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
Archaic script used in Java and Bali
Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Jindai moji Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Linear Elamite Lisu Loma Nüshu Nwagu Aneke script Old Persian cuneiform Sumerian
Buda_script
Region of the Middle East
number of generally unrelated language isolates were found, including; Elamite, Gutian and Kassite in Iran, and Hattic, Kaskian and Hurro-Urartian in
Fertile_Crescent
Ancient Iranian language
Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Median Dialects Razi Writing system Linear Elamite? Language codes ISO 639-3 xme Glottolog None
Median_language
Archaeological site situated in Kermān Province, Iran
to the gateway to the Citadel. It was thought to possibly contain 5 Linear Elamite characters though this is uncertain. The lower town was given over to
Konar_Sandal
Elamite god of the moon
Napir (Linear Elamite: Elamite cuneiform: 𒈾𒀊𒅕 Na-pi-ir) was the Elamite god of the moon. The name was likely derived from the Elamite word nap or napir
Napir
discrepancy in transliterating z from Linear Elamite to Cuneiform with an attested variant spelling la-hu-ra-še-er. The Elamite z was suggested to be a Voiceless
Ruhurater
Korean academic (fl. 15th century)
Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Jindai moji Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Linear Elamite Lisu Loma Nüshu Nwagu Aneke script Old Persian cuneiform Sumerian
Ch'oe_Malli
German epigraphist and philologist (1775–1853)
(2018). "Nine Linear Elamite Texts Inscribed on Silver "Gunagi" Vessels (X, Y, Z, F', H', I', J', K' and L'): New Data on Linear Elamite Writing and the
Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend
Elamite ruler
(2018). "Nine Linear Elamite Texts Inscribed on Silver "Gunagi" Vessels (X, Y, Z, F', H', I', J', K' and L'): New Data on Linear Elamite Writing and the
Shilhaha
Mesopotamian "Meluhha" seal Similarities between Proto-Elamite (circa 3000 BCE) and especially Linear Elamite (2300–2000 BCE) scripts with the Indus script have
Indo-Mesopotamia_relations
Writing system used for the Sudanese language
Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Jindai moji Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Linear Elamite Lisu Loma Nüshu Nwagu Aneke script Old Persian cuneiform Sumerian
Old_Sundanese_script
Script Paleo-Hebrew Script Eblaite Egyptian Egyptian Hieroglyphs Elamite Linear Elamite Elamite Cuneiform Eteocypriot Cypriot Syllabary Gutian Hattic Hittite
List of cities of the ancient Near East
List_of_cities_of_the_ancient_Near_East
Age records: the Proto-Elamite script the Indus script (speculated to record a "Harappan language") Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A (encoding a possible
List of languages by first written account
List_of_languages_by_first_written_account
Home of many cradles of civilization
neighbour, Sumer. The Proto-Elamite script is an early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use for the ancient Elamite language (which was a language
Ancient_Near_East
Historical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)
Late 3rd-millennium BC silver cup from Marvdasht, Fars, with linear-Elamite inscription
Bronze_Age
Elamite goddess
"great goddess" in Elamite ("kiri" goddess, "risha" great). Following their survey of Linear Elamite texts, Desset et al. argued that Elamite "riša" would actually
Kiririsha
Topics referred to by the same term
Iron Age (c. 1550 – c. 1050 BC) Linear Elamite, one of a number of scripts used to write the Elamite language Linear narrative, a type of story structure
Linear_(disambiguation)
languages has changed substantially over time. Major regional languages like Elamite, Sogdian, Koine Greek, or Nahuatl in ancient, post-classical and early
Evolution_of_languages
known as Syro-Hittite states 1155 BC – Babylon taken by Elamites 1100 to 539 BC – Neo-Elamite period 1087 BC – Babylon destroyed by Assyrians 1070 BC
Timeline of Middle Eastern history
Timeline_of_Middle_Eastern_history
Khom Thai script Khotanese Kpelle Kulitan Lampung Laṇḍā scripts Leke Linear Elamite Lontara Luo Mangar akkha Mandombe Marchung Masaba Mi'kmaw hieroglyphs
List of scripts with no ISO 15924 code
List_of_scripts_with_no_ISO_15924_code
symbolism. A unique type of narrative scene is common in the Elamite world, particularly on proto-Elamite cylinder seals, depicting animals performing human activities
Animals in the Ancient Near East
Animals_in_the_Ancient_Near_East
Script Paleo-Hebrew Script Eblaite Egyptian Egyptian Hieroglyphs Elamite Linear Elamite Elamite Cuneiform Eteocypriot Cypriot Syllabary Gutian Hattic Hittite
Genetic history of the Middle East
Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East
Elamite and Mesopotamian goddess
Narundi (𒀭𒈾𒊒𒋾 dna-ru-ti) or Narunde was an Elamite goddess worshiped in Susa. She is attested there roughly between 2250 BCE and 1800 BCE. Multiple
Narundi
Dynasty in ancient Elam
Gian Pietro; Marchesi, and Gianni (1 July 2022). "The Decipherment of Linear Elamite Writing". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
Sukkalmah_dynasty
Subset of cuneiform law
for another; in the loss of the tongue that denied father or mother (in Elamite contracts, the same penalty was inflicted for perjury); in the loss of
Babylonian_law
First dynasty of Elam ca. 2700–2150 BC
history. The dynasty corresponds to the early part of the first Paleo-Elamite period (dated to c. 2400 – c. 2015 BC); additionally, succeeded by the
Awan_dynasty
1530s found off Drogheda in Ireland. Inscriptions in an early form of Linear Elamite discovered at Jiroft in Iran. Roman sarcophagus found during work at
2006_in_archaeology
linear-Elamite women inscription. Late 3rd Millennium BC silver cup, Marvdasht.
Women_in_Iran
Persistent representation of language
1177/0741088311410172. S2CID 144180867. Dahl, Jacob L. (2018). "The proto-Elamite writing system". The Elamite World. pp. 383–396. doi:10.4324/9781315658032-20. ISBN 978-1-315-65803-2
Writing
Script Paleo-Hebrew Script Eblaite Egyptian Egyptian Hieroglyphs Elamite Linear Elamite Elamite Cuneiform Eteocypriot Cypriot Syllabary Gutian Hattic Hittite
History_of_the_Middle_East
Writing systems and symbol systems without a generally accepted decipherment
Indus script Vikramkhol inscription Pushkarasari script Shankhalipi Proto-Elamite script – c. 3100 – c. 2900 BCE. Jiroft script – c. 2200 BCE.[citation needed]
Undeciphered_writing_systems
Languages of Eurasia before the arrival of Indo-European languages
Dravidian and language isolates have survived to the present day, although Elamite has entirely disappeared. Before World War II, all the unclassified languages
Pre-Indo-European_languages
Type of synthetic language
agglutinative, though none from larger families have been identified: Elamite Hattic Kassite Sumerian Some well known constructed languages are agglutinative
Agglutinative_language
of script formation from pictogram, ideogram, linear (2300 BC) or proto-Elamite, geometric old Elamite script, Pahlavi script, Arabic script (906 years
Rock_art_in_Iran
Archaeological site in Kashan, Isfahan province, Iran
(Proto-Elamite level), so this is where the Proto-Elamite horizon at Sialk is located, as is also evidenced by the discovery here of some Proto-Elamite clay
Tepe_Sialk
Study of language in historical sources
the Behistun Inscription, which records the same text in Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian, using a variation of cuneiform for each language. The elucidation
Philology
Historical architecture style
Achaemenid architecture was influenced by Mesopotamian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Elamite, Lydian, Greek and Median architecture. The quintessential feature of Persian
Achaemenid_architecture
Human settlement in India
Proto-Elamo-Dravidian", Language vol. 50 no. 1 (1974); David McAlpin: "Elamite and Dravidian, Further Evidence of Relationships", Current Anthropology
Kuadam
French archaeomusicologist (born 1947)
Woolley's notes, with Myriam Marcetteau. Dumbrill also reconstructed the Elamite harp of the battle of Ulai, with Margaux Bousquet. Dumbrill donated one
Richard Dumbrill (musicologist)
Richard_Dumbrill_(musicologist)
All known writing up to 300 CE
fragments) were in the elamite language in cuneiform script." This is a little-known but comparatively well-attested cuneiform language Elamite used in Persia
Ancient_text_corpora
Millennium between 4000 BC and 3001 BC
(modern Shush, Iran) is made. It is now at Musée du Louvre, Paris. Proto-Elamite from 3200 BC. In Syria, mass graves at Tell Brak, dating from c. 3800 to
4th_millennium_BC
Locations where civilization emerged
Chalcolithic period. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. The emergence of Elamite written records from around
Cradle_of_civilization
Dynasty of southern Mesopotamia
interacted with other regional powers. A text reports him receiving an Elamite messenger, assumed to be from a Sukkalmah ruler, and the same day receiving
First_Sealand_dynasty
as early as 8000 BC. The Proto-Elamite script is also believed to have been used during this period, though Proto-Elamite inscriptions "have been, and will
History_of_writing
Ancient unit of length
these groupings. The Classical Mesopotamian system formed the basis for Elamite, Hebrew, Urartian, Hurrian, Hittite, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Babylonian,
Cubit
Societal collapse in the Late Bronze Age
the Assyrian withdrawal, it was still subject to periodic Assyrian (and Elamite) subjugation. New groups of Semitic speakers such as the Arameans and Suteans
Late_Bronze_Age_collapse
motifs. The earliest known Greek writings are Mycenaean, written in the Linear B syllabary on clay tablets. These documents contain prosaic records largely
Ancient_Greek_literature
Mesopotamia and slightly later at Susa in south-western Iran during the Proto-Elamite period, and they follow the development of stamp seals in the Halaf culture
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Stratified complex society
Hittite Empire, and to some degree the territorial expansions of the Elamites, Hurrians, Amorites and Ebla). Outside the Old World, development took
Civilization
Legendary animal
perhaps as early as the Uruk period (4000–3100BC) and subsequent Proto-Elamite (Jemdet Nasr) period. An example of a winged lion with beaks, unearthed
Griffin
of script formation from pictogram, ideogram, linear (2300 BC) or proto Elamite, geometric old Elamite script, Pahlevi script, Arabic script (906 years
List_of_petroglyph_sites
Ancient drinking horn or cup from Eurasia
hands was known to be discovered from Susa, in Southwestern Iran, in Proto Elamite era about 3rd millennium BC, is a silver figurine of a cow with body of
Rhyton
Late Neolithic archaeological culture of Mesopotamia
Roman Sasanian Muslim conquest Languages Akkadian Amorite Aramaic Eblaite Elamite Gutian Hittite Hurrian Kassite Luwian Median Middle Persian Old Persian
Samarra_culture
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
the silver supply comes from recycling instead of new production. Proto-Elamite kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel; 3100–2900 BC; 16.3×6.3×10.8 cm;
Silver
Historical region of West Asia
exact solutions, but rather approximations, and so they would commonly use linear interpolation to approximate intermediate values. One of the most famous
Mesopotamia
Mountain range in Western Asia
various Pre Indo-European peoples such as the Hurrians, Guti, Kassites, Elamites, Turukku and Lullubi, (together with Semitic peoples such as Assyrians
Zagros_Mountains
Religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples
*Haraxvaitī Ārəduuī Sūrā Anāhitā is a 'composite' of Sarasvati and an Elamite goddess associated with fertility. In the Rig-Veda (6,61,5–7) Sarasvati
Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion
Archaeological culture of Mesopotamia
declined in the Near East, replaced by several regional traditions ('Proto-Elamite' in southwestern Iran, 'Post-Uruk' and 'Nineveh 5' in northern Mesopotamia)
Uruk_period
Prehistoric period of Mesopotamia
Roman Sasanian Muslim conquest Languages Akkadian Amorite Aramaic Eblaite Elamite Gutian Hittite Hurrian Kassite Luwian Median Middle Persian Old Persian
Ubaid_period
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
Levant respectively. The only earlier attested languages are Sumerian and Elamite (2800 BCE to 550 BCE), both language isolates, and Egyptian (c. 3000 BCE)
Semitic_languages
Group of Indo-European peoples
Persepolis (Xph). As the definition of the God of Iranians, Ohrmazd, in the Elamite version of the Bistun Inscription. In the Dna and Dse, Darius and Xerxes
Iranian_peoples
Archaeological culture
Dudești Gorneşti Gumelnița–Kodžadermen-Karanovo VI Hamangia Kakanj Khirokitia Linear Pottery Malta Temples Ozieri Petreşti San Ciriaco Shulaveri–Shomu Sesklo
Halaf_culture
Ancient script of Central and South Asia
the Persian sphere of influence. Persian dipi itself is thought to be an Elamite loanword. Falk's 1993 book Schrift im Alten Indien is a study on writing
Brahmi_script
Migrations of Indo-Aryans into the Indian subcontinent
Crescent" and "lends credence to the suggested linguistic connection between Elamite and Dravidic populations". According to Gallego Romero et al. (2011), their
Indo-Aryan_migrations
Ancient Indo-European language of the Hittite Empire
Widmer (2007) has argued that the Mycenaean term ru-wa-ni-jo, attested in Linear B, refers to the same area. but the stem *Luwan- was recently shown to be
Luwian_language
Language family native to Eurasia
Zoroaster composed the Gathas, rise of the Achaemenid Empire, replacing the Elamites and Babylonia. Separation of Proto-Italic into Osco-Umbrian, Latin-Faliscan
Indo-European_languages
Mesopotamia Elam Babylon Mari Eshnunna Minor city states c. 1765 BC c. 1764 BC Elamite War Babylon Mari Yamhad Elam c. 1763 BC c. 1763 BC Hammurabi's Conquest
List_of_wars:_before_1000
Container sealings; sealings on tablets, bullae Jemdet Nasr, Uruk, Ur, Proto-Elamite Iran Cylinder seals: 'animals acting as humans', Rearing animals, animal
Ancient Near Eastern seals and sealing practices
Ancient_Near_Eastern_seals_and_sealing_practices
Babylonia found itself under Assyrian and Elamite domination for much of the later Kassite period. In the end, the Elamites conquered Babylon, bringing this period
History_of_Mesopotamia
Ancient text listing Sumerian Kingships
but probably based on Akkadian source material, the SKL reflected a more linear transition of power from Kish, the first city to receive kingship, to Akkad
Sumerian_King_List
discovered by French archaeologists at Chogha Zanbil, belonging to the middle Elamite period. Mosaic glass cups have also been found at Teppe Hasanlu and Marlik
History_of_glass
1875 painting by Edwin Long
ancient artifacts. The motif of a carved stone with handle, probably of Elamite origin, and found in a foundation deposit of the Sumerian king A'annepada
The Babylonian Marriage Market
The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market
Defines two sets of codes for a number of writing systems
0 68 Ch 13.6 Lina 400 Linear A left-to-right Linear A 7.0 341 Ancient/historic Ch 8.1 Linb 401 Linear B left-to-right Linear B 4.0 211 Ancient/historic
ISO_15924
Keyser (1988), pp. 542–543. Amiet, Pierre (1966). "Il y a 5000 Ans Les Élamites Inventaient l'écriture". Archéologia. 12: 6–23. Amiet, Pierre (1972a).
History of ancient numeral systems
History_of_ancient_numeral_systems
Self-designation used by ancient Indo-Iranian peoples
reign (522 – 486 BCE), the Old Persian language is called ariya, and the Elamite version of the inscription portrays the Zoroastrian deity Ahura Mazdā as
Aryan
Late Neolithic archaeological culture of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia. They made Hassuna-style pottery (cream slip with reddish paint in linear designs). Hassuna people lived in small villages or hamlets ranging 2–8
Hassuna_culture
Archaeological culture associated with Homo erectus
Roman Sasanian Muslim conquest Languages Akkadian Amorite Aramaic Eblaite Elamite Gutian Hittite Hurrian Kassite Luwian Median Middle Persian Old Persian
Acheulean
Ancient nomadic Iranic people who invaded West Asia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC
would be defeated similarly to how Ashurbanipal himself had defeated the Elamites and killed their king Teumman in 653 BC. Meanwhile, Dugdammî might have
Cimmerians
Subset of characters in Unicode
0 68 Ch 13.6 Lina 400 Linear A left-to-right Linear A 7.0 341 Ancient/historic Ch 8.1 Linb 401 Linear B left-to-right Linear B 4.0 211 Ancient/historic
Script_(Unicode)
Earth blocks for construction
Mudbrick was used for the construction of Elamite ziggurats—some of the world's largest and oldest constructions. Choqa Zanbil, a 13th-century BCE ziggurat
Mudbrick
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
the western province of Khuzestan; it was likely a late variety of the Elamite language, a language isolate that previously was the official court language
Iranian_languages
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
in PIE, Kartvelian borrowings from PIE, and some contact with Sumerian, Elamite, and others. However, given that the glottalic hypothesis never caught
Indo-European_migrations
Ethnic group native to the Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands
(in Babylonian) as Armina (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Armenios (Αρμένιοι) is attested from about the same time, perhaps
Armenians
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