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Duplication of critical components to increase reliability of a system
is required for voting). Redundancy may also be known by the terms "majority voting systems" or "voting logic". Redundancy sometimes produces less, instead
Redundancy_(engineering)
Presence of more logic gates in a digital circuit than it theoretically requires
Logic redundancy occurs in a logic gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function. There are several reasons why logic
Logic_redundancy
Topics referred to by the same term
expressed more than once Data redundancy, database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables Logic redundancy, a digital gate network
Redundancy
Method for increasing reliability
computing, triple modular redundancy, sometimes called triple-mode redundancy, (TMR) is a fault-tolerant form of N-modular redundancy, in which three systems
Triple_modular_redundancy
Device performing a Boolean function
Logical graph Logic redundancy Magnetic logic NMOS logic Parametron Processor design Programmable logic controller (PLC) Programmable logic device (PLD)
Logic_gate
Method of deriving conclusions
of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with
Rule_of_inference
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
single logic gate may cause a digital machine to fail. Where additional reliability is required, redundant logic can be provided. Redundancy adds cost
Digital_electronics
Process in digital electronics and integrated circuit design
Function composition Function decomposition Gate underutilization Logic redundancy Harvard minimizing chart (Wikiversity) (Wikibooks) The netlist size
Logic_optimization
Undesirable effect in digital logic
silicon on Insulator-devices Glitch Hazard (computer architecture) Logic redundancy Race condition Lopes, Jeremy (2018-11-26) [2017]. "Design of an Innovative
Hazard_(logic)
In logic, a statement which is always true
formulas of propositional logic. The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein first applied the term to redundancies of propositional logic in 1921, borrowing from
Tautology_(logic)
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Classical logic Computability logic Deontic logic Dependence logic Description logic Deviant logic Doxastic logic Epistemic logic First-order logic Formal
Outline_of_logic
Input where a function output does not matter
Incomplete opcode decoding Logic redundancy Undefined behaviour Undefined variable Uninitialized variable Four-valued logic Nine-valued logic Examples of encoding
Don't-care_term
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing
Programmable_logic_controller
Message encoded with more bits than needed
In information theory, redundancy (redundation) measures the fractional difference between the entropy H(X) of an ensemble X, and its maximum possible
Redundancy (information theory)
Redundancy_(information_theory)
When a system's behavior depends on timing of uncontrollable events
In many cases, logic redundancy can be intentionally added to digital circuits to eliminate certain types of races. Although redundancy increases the number
Race_condition
Systems with high up-time, a.k.a. "always on"
Active redundancy may introduce more complex failure modes into a system, such as continuous system reconfiguration due to faulty voting logic. Zero downtime
High_availability
(eds.): Trends in Logic: 50 Years of Studia Logica, Trends in Logic 20: 177–212. Cintula P., 2005, "Short note: On the redundancy of axiom (A3) in BL
BL_(logic)
Signal used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values
filtering off interfering signals as much as possible and by using data redundancy. The main advantages of digital signals for communications are often considered
Digital_signal
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
in classical logic), certain essentially different compound statements are logically equivalent. A less trivial example of a redundancy is the classical
Logical_connective
Topics referred to by the same term
of inference), a rule of replacement for logical expressions Pleonasm Redundancy (disambiguation) Tautological (disambiguation) Tautonym, a scientific
Tautology
Acronym redundantly coupled with its word(s)
many instances in editing where removal of redundancy improves clarity, the pure-logic ideal of zero redundancy is seldom maintained in human languages.
RAS_syndrome
German philosopher, logician, and mathematician (1848–1925)
father of analytic philosophy, concentrating on the philosophy of language, logic, and mathematics. Though he was largely ignored during his lifetime, Giuseppe
Gottlob_Frege
Overview of computer engineering topics
multithreading Dependability Active redundancy Dual modular redundancy Triple modular redundancy High-availability Seamless Redundancy N-version programming RAID
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Boolean function
logical gates. Many systems have triple modular redundancy; they use the majority function for majority logic decoding to implement error correction. A major
Majority_function
Bit added to a binary string for error detection
so the parity bit's value is 0. Parity is a special case of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), where the 1-bit CRC is generated by the polynomial x+1. In
Parity_bit
Logic Centralization is a design pattern within the service-orientation design paradigm that aims to enhance the reusability of agnostic logic. This pattern
Logic_centralization_pattern
Reasoning for mathematical statements
frequently used as an assumption for further mathematical work. Proofs employ logic expressed in mathematical symbols, along with natural language that usually
Mathematical_proof
test engineering: modern techniques "A bridging fault model where undetectable faults imply logic redundancy" from Design Automation and Test in Europe
Bridging_fault
just under the surface, and use that to determine effiency, cost, and redundancy. Coined by behavioral economist Rory Sutherland in his 2019 book Alchemy
List_of_fallacies
Local outlier factor Logic learning machine LogitBoost LPBoost Manifold alignment Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Minimum redundancy feature selection Naive
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Component whose failure will disrupt the entire system
in the system. Systems can be made robust by adding redundancy in all potential SPOFs. Redundancy can be achieved at various levels. The assessment of
Single_point_of_failure
Concept in mathematical logic
In logic, a functionally complete set of logical connectives or Boolean operators is one that can be used to express all possible truth tables by combining
Functional_completeness
Look up Appendix:Glossary of logic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning
Glossary_of_logic
Resilience of systems to component failures or errors
1950s. Two kinds of redundancy are possible: space redundancy and time redundancy. Space redundancy provides additional components, functions, or data
Fault_tolerance
Subset of a natural language
writing of those languages is supported by fully automatic consistency and redundancy checks, query answering, etc. Existing controlled natural languages include:
Controlled_natural_language
Intelligence of machines
techniques including state space search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations
Artificial_intelligence
Communication theory
Message design logic is a communication theory that makes the claim that individuals possess implicit theories of communication within themselves, called
Message_design_logic
Vampire is an automatic theorem prover for first-order classical logic developed in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester
Vampire_(theorem_prover)
Computer program for complexity reduction of digital logic circuits
ESPRESSO logic minimizer is a computer program using heuristic and specific algorithms for efficiently reducing the complexity of digital logic gate circuits
Espresso heuristic logic minimizer
Espresso_heuristic_logic_minimizer
Redundancy in linguistic expression
Ancient Greek πλεονασμός pleonasmós, from πλέον pléon 'to be in excess') is redundancy in linguistic expression, such as "black darkness", "burning fire", or
Pleonasm
Degrees of truth in logic may be represented using two or more discrete values, as with bivalent logic (or binary logic), three-valued logic, and other forms
Theories_of_truth
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
with an emphasis on analysis, clear prose, rigorous arguments, formal logic, mathematics, and the natural sciences (with less emphasis on the humanities)
Analytic_philosophy
Line of PowerPC-based computers
Listing. Nevertheless, such a modification could implement a true N+1 redundancy configuration for the ANS 700s. The Network Servers were sold exclusively
Apple_Network_Server
Ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution
the ways biological systems adapt to environments is through the use of redundancy. Many organs are redundant in humans. The kidney is one such example.
Robustness_(computer_science)
Type of computing error
consumption. The concept of triple modular redundancy (TMR) can be employed to ensure very high soft-error reliability in logic circuits. In this technique, three
Soft_error
Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics, philosophy, and other fields. In natural or formal languages
Self-reference
American neurophysiologist and cybernetician (1898–1969)
computational models based on mathematical algorithms called threshold logic which split the inquiry into two distinct approaches, one approach focused
Warren_Sturgis_McCulloch
British philosopher, mathematician and economist (1903–1930)
included Universals (1925), Facts and Propositions (1927) (which proposed a redundancy theory of truth), Universals of Law and of Fact (1928), Knowledge (1929)
Frank_P._Ramsey
Automatic ship station- and heading-holding systems
true DP ship. While the first DP ships had analog controllers and lacked redundancy, vast improvements have been made since then. DP is now used not only
Dynamic_positioning
Branching-time logic that is a superset of LTL and CTL
tree logic (CTL) and linear temporal logic (LTL). It freely combines path quantifiers and temporal operators. Like CTL, CTL* is a branching-time logic. The
CTL*
Computer peripheral to collect telemetry data
computers of the DCS or SCADA system to simplify deployment and to provide redundancy for safety reasons. An RTU in a modern water management system will typically
Remote_terminal_unit
Conformity to reality
terms, including the redundancy theory, disquotationalism, the performative theory, prosententialism, and minimalism. The redundancy theory asserts that
Truth
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
by using an error correction code, or error correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver not only to detect errors that may occur anywhere
Error_correction_code
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
reliable data transmission methods. This typically involves the removal of redundancy and the correction or detection of errors in the transmitted data. There
Coding_theory
Use of Ethernet in an industrial environment
Human-machine interface Media Redundancy Protocol Modbus Parallel Redundancy Protocol Process control Programmable logic controller SCADA Lin, Zihong (2018)
Industrial_Ethernet
Storage of digital data readable by computers
algorithms. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method is typically used in communications and storage for error detection. Redundancy solutions include storage
Computer_data_storage
Distinct figure or entity
or woman can possess rights, the expression "individual rights" is a redundancy (which one has to use for purposes of clarification in today's intellectual
Individual
The following is a list of 7400-series digital logic integrated circuits. In the mid-1960s, the original 7400-series integrated circuits were introduced
List of 7400-series integrated circuits
List_of_7400-series_integrated_circuits
Various meanings of the terms
depend on them. An instruction set is said to be orthogonal if it lacks redundancy (i.e., there is only a single instruction that can be used to accomplish
Orthogonality
Compact encoding of digital data
Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces
Data_compression
Peirce's understanding of logic as formal semiotic. By "logic" he meant philosophical logic. He eventually divided (philosophical) logic, or formal semiotics
Semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce
Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce
Swedish logician, philosopher, and mathematical statistician
mathematical logic, and computer science. Since the late 1970s, Martin-Löf's publications have been mainly in logic. In philosophical logic, Martin-Löf
Per_Martin-Löf
Electronic circuit manufacturing method
that bank can be disabled by blowing its programming fuse. This built-in redundancy allows higher chip yields than would be possible if all cache banks had
Laser_trimming
Scientific study of digital information
data compression removes as much redundancy as possible, an error-correcting code adds just the right kind of redundancy (i.e., error correction) needed
Information_theory
Type of computer memory
area of research. The first DRAM integrated circuits did not have any redundancy. An integrated circuit with a defective DRAM cell would be discarded.
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Electronic flight control system
wire system. This system also included solid-state components and system redundancy, was designed to be integrated with a computerised navigation and automatic
Fly-by-wire
American data storage company
EqualLogic, Inc. was an American computer data storage company based in Nashua, New Hampshire, active from 2001 to 2007. In 2008, the company was merged
EqualLogic
Hybrid Web Cluster is a software product developed by Hybrid Logic Ltd., a Bristol, United Kingdom based company. The software is designed to provide
Hybrid_Web_Cluster
Nuclear safety and security components in a nuclear power plant
multi-channel redundancy combined with voting logic to reduce spurious trips. One common configuration is four channels with 2-out-of-4 trip logic. Independence
Reactor_protection_system
Line of safety microcontrollers from Texas Instruments
lock-step, full path ECC, automated self testing of memory and logic, peripheral redundancy, and monitor/checker cores. This line includes the TMS470M, TMS570
Hercules_(microcontroller)
Layer between an integrated circuit and a printed circuit board
adapters, but using an interposer with a port-switching logic allows providing paths redundancy. Die preparation Integrated circuit Semiconductor fabrication
Interposer
Control system architecture for supervision of machines and processes
processes. It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, also known as a distributed control system (DCS), which interface
SCADA
Organizing method developed by McKinsey
thinking is that, by definition, it precludes redundancies. However, there are cases where redundancies are desirable or even necessary. There is some
MECE_principle
Design feature or practice
systems can never be made fail-safe, as continuous availability is needed. Redundancy, fault tolerance, or contingency plans are used for these situations (e
Fail-safe
Convolutional code Cross R-S code Cryptographic hash function Cyclic redundancy check Damm algorithm Dual code EXIT chart Error-correcting code Enumerator
List of algebraic coding theory topics
List_of_algebraic_coding_theory_topics
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
science, Glossary of robotics, Glossary of machine vision, and Glossary of logic. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Organized collection of data in computing
updated database data, and the cost of storage redundancy. Occasionally a database employs storage redundancy by database objects replication (with one or
Database
mathematical logic, monoidal t-norm based logic (or shortly MTL), the logic of left-continuous t-norms, is one of the t-norm fuzzy logics. It belongs to
Monoidal_t-norm_logic
Commonly used rules of replacement in propositional logic
In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions
Tautology_(rule_of_inference)
Hardware fault tolerance for software requires the following. Backup Redundancy Backup maintains information in the event that hardware must be replaced
Software_fault_tolerance
Serial communications protocol
defines: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for data validation Electrical interface characteristics such as number of conductors, voltage logic levels and transitions
SDI-12
Room containing computer servers
common-mode failures may be of high importance. The level of desired redundancy is determined by factors such as whether the organisation can tolerate
Server_room
Average uncertainty in variable's states
symbols can be defined simply as being equal to its n-ary entropy. See also Redundancy (information theory). The characterization here imposes an additive property
Entropy_(information_theory)
Special-purpose Ethernet physical layer for avionics, by Airbus
The six primary aspects of an AFDX data network include full duplex, redundancy, determinism, high speed performance, switched and profiled network. Many
Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet
Avionics_Full-Duplex_Switched_Ethernet
Series of personal computers by Apple
to August 1999. It represented Apple's first step towards eliminating redundancy and complexity in the product line by replacing eight Power Macintosh
Power_Macintosh_G3
Arrangement of interrelated elements in an object/system, or the object/system itself
backups. A high redundancy is an essential part of the design of several systems in the Space Shuttle. As a branch of philosophy, logic is concerned with
Structure
Reduction of data redundancy
relational database in accordance with a series of normal forms to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer
Database_normalization
Metaphysical dependence relation between facts or entities
norms akin to those governing scientific or causal explanation (e.g., non-redundancy, minimality, contrastivity), or whether grounding represents a distinct
Metaphysical_grounding
Family of philosophical theories
In philosophy and logic, a deflationary theory of truth (also semantic deflationism or simply deflationism) is one of a family of theories that all have
Deflationary_theory_of_truth
Serial communications protocol
networking protocol. It was originally designed for use with programmable logic controllers (PLCs), but has become a de facto standard communication protocol
Modbus
Controller that handles all requests for a website
application developers to achieve flexibility and reuse without code redundancy. Front controllers are often used in web applications to implement workflows
Front_controller
Concept in axiomatic set theory
ZF (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory), although some authors, despite the redundancy, include both. Regardless, the axiom schema of specification is notable
Axiom_schema_of_specification
Fictional language conceptualized by Robert A. Heinlein
English-speakers' extensive vocabulary of homonyms and idioms The built-in redundancy of natural languages allows utterances to be understood in spite of not
Speedtalk
Means by which a user interacts with and controls a machine
very earliest machines had to be partly rewired to incorporate program logic into themselves, using devices known as plugboards. Early batch systems
User_interface
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
in certain large-scale distributed systems where fault isolation and redundancy are design priorities. Its implementation varies based on system requirements
Microservices
Communication that lacks any coherent meaning
Nonsense is a form of communication, via speech, writing, or any other formal logic system, that lacks any coherent meaning. In ordinary usage, nonsense is
Nonsense
Industrial safety system
alarm (PA) that the HIPPS was activated. This system has a high degree of redundancy: failure of one of the three pressure transmitters will not compromise
High-integrity pressure protection system
High-integrity_pressure_protection_system
Technique to compress data
published in the 1952 paper "A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes". The output from Huffman's algorithm can be viewed as a variable-length
Huffman_coding
Technology for telephone exchanges
shared secondary storage need not to be duplicated and simple unit level redundancy would suffice. 1ESS switch was a prominent example. In synchronous duplex
Stored_program_control
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vinyasa | விநà¯à®¯à®¾à®¸
A yogic posture
Vinyasa | விநà¯à®¯à®¾à®¸
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Logic; Reason
Boy/Male
Tamil
Full of feathers, Full of logic, Name of sage, Vatsyayan
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Hindu
Full of feathers, Full of logic, Name of sage, Vatsyayan
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Trick; Power; Strategy; Solution by Logic; By Reasoning
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
A Yogic Posture
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lowthorpe in East Yorkshire, named with the Old Norse personal name Logi or Lági + þorp ‘outlying farmstead’In 1634 the name was brought to North America by the Rev. John Lathrop (b. 1584 in Etton, Yorkshire, England), a Puritan preacher fleeing religious persecution. He arrived at Plymouth Colony and lived in Scituate, MA until 1639, then moved to Barnstable MA, where his Bible can still be seen.
Girl/Female
British, English
15th Century
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
Boy/Male
English American
Friend; good friend.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Majesty of Religion Islam
Surname or Lastname
English (Cambridgeshire)
English (Cambridgeshire) : from Middle English pleggere ‘one who stands surety in a lawsuit’ (literally ‘pledger’).Americanized form of German Pletscher (see Pletcher).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Shining; Smiling Cheerfully
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sea-feather; Feather from the Sea Shore
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Healthy
Girl/Female
Finnish, German, Hebrew, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Fruitful Garden; Orchard; Song; Variant of Carmel
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
Fearless and Victory; Brave Soilder of Guru
Boy/Male
Afghan, Australian, Gaelic, Irish
Red-haired; Red
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Goddess of Dawn
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
LOGIC REDUNDANCY
a.
Lying outside of the domain of logic.
n.
The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).
n.
The three " liberal" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being a triple way, as it were, to eloquence.
a.
Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties.
a.
According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or inference; the reasoning is logical.
n.
See Logic.
n.
A person skilled in logic.
n.
The art of reasoning; logic.
a.
Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive censure; precisive abstraction.
n.
One who bandies words or is very argumentative.
a.
Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules of logic.
a.
Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as, he is a logical thinker.
n.
The art or process of reasoning; logic.
a.
Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference.
a.
Beyond the scope or province of logic.
n.
The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning.
n.
That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.
n.
A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as in mathematics or logic.
n.
A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic.
n.
Logic illustrated by physics.