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Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over
Error_correction_code
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
In coding theory, concatenated codes form a class of error-correcting codes that are derived by combining an inner code and an outer code. They were conceived
Concatenated error correction code
Concatenated_error_correction_code
Family of linear error-correcting codes
Hamming codes are a family of linear error-correcting codes. Hamming codes can detect one-bit and two-bit errors, or correct one-bit errors without detection
Hamming_code
Process in quantum computing
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising
Quantum_error_correction
Self-correcting computer data storage
Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data
ECC_memory
Error-correcting codes
In information theory and coding theory, Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Code used in quantum error correction
In quantum computing, the Shor code or Shor nine qubit code is a foundational code in quantum error correction that protects quantum information against
Shor_code
Quantum error correction code
communication, a stabilizer code is a class of quantum codes for performing quantum error correction. The toric code, and surface codes more generally, are types
Stabilizer_code
Type of matrix barcode
two Error correction levels: M and H, which have influence on possible encoded data size and error correction. All of Rectangular Micro QR Code versions
Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code
Non-redundant proportion of an error correction code data stream
telecommunication and information theory, the code rate (or information rate) of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data-stream that
Code_rate
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, data transmission and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such
Coding_theory
Type of two-dimensional barcode
L error correction, for example, consists of a single error correction block with a total of 26 code bytes (made of 19 message bytes and seven error correction
QR_code
Linear error correcting code
(LDPC) codes, also known as Gallager codes, are a class of error-correction codes first proposed in 1960. Together with the closely related turbo codes, they
Low-density_parity-check_code
Type of block code
They are error-correcting codes that have algebraic properties that are convenient for efficient error detection and correction. Let C {\displaystyle {\mathcal
Cyclic_code
Type of matrix barcode
allow to recognize it with camera-based readers. Han Xin code contains Reed–Solomon error correction with ability to read corrupted images. At this time,
Han_Xin_code
Signals broadcast by GPS satellites
Also like CNAV it can utilize Forward Error Correction (FEC) and advanced error detection (such as a CRC). The M-code is transmitted in the same L1 and L2
GPS_signals
Two-dimensional matrix barcode
the encoded data depends on the number of cells in the matrix. Error correction codes are often used to increase reliability: even if one or more cells
Data_Matrix
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
(ARA) codes, allows for surprisingly good error correction performance. Repetition codes are one of the few known codes whose code rate can be automatically
Repetition_code
Topological quantum error correcting code
The surface code is a topological quantum error correcting code, and an example of a stabilizer code, defined on a two-dimensional spin lattice. The first
Surface_code
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
redundant forward error correction codes. The transmission BER is the number of detected bits that are incorrect before error correction, divided by the
Bit_error_rate
Type of error correction in quantum computing
The five-qubit error correcting code, [[5,1,3]] code, or Laflamme–Miquel–Paz–Zurek code is the smallest quantum error correcting code that can protect
Five-qubit error correcting code
Five-qubit_error_correcting_code
Code added to allow recovery of lost data
In coding theory, an erasure code is a forward error correction (FEC) code under the assumption of bit erasures (rather than bit errors), which transforms
Erasure_code
Device controlling access and addressing of memory
controller on the motherboard. Error correction code (ECC) memory controllers drive ECC memory. ECC corrects common errors encountered by RAM and significantly
Memory_controller
Kind of error correction code
computer science, the binary Goppa code is an error-correcting code that belongs to the class of general Goppa codes originally described by Valerii Denisovich
Binary_Goppa_code
Signal coding technique
In coding theory, puncturing is the process of removing some of the parity bits after encoding with an error-correction code. This has the same effect
Punctured_code
American engineer and physicist
entanglement in quantum error correction and for producing a quantum error correction code from an arbitrary classical error correction code. "Fellows". aps.org
Todd_Brun
In coding theory, Tornado codes are a class of erasure codes that support error correction. Tornado codes require a constant C more redundant blocks than
Tornado_code
Class of quantum error correcting codes
In quantum error correction, Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) codes, named after their inventors, Robert Calderbank, Peter Shor and Andrew Steane, are a special
CSS_code
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
In telecommunication, a convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code that generates parity symbols via the sliding application of a boolean polynomial
Convolutional_code
Types of quantum information
quantum error correction code 10 times more efficient than previous research, protecting 12 logical qubits for roughly a million cycles of error checks
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Method for encoding data in communications
In coding theory, a constant-weight code, also called an m-of-n code or m-out-of-n code, is an error detection and correction code where all codewords
Constant-weight_code
High-performance forward error correction codes
In information theory, turbo codes are a class of high-performance forward error correction (FEC) codes developed around 1990–91, but first published in
Turbo_code
Methods to improve communications reliability
forward error correction code is added and the message is spread in time by means of bit-interleaving before it is transmitted. Thus, error bursts are
Diversity_scheme
symbols if received correctly – this is useful for example if error-correction coding is combined with a hash function for quickly determining the correctness
Systematic_code
Machine-readable symbol system
package. This information is protected with a strong Reed–Solomon error correction code, allowing it to be read even if a portion of the symbol is damaged
MaxiCode
missing data from error correction codes. C2 error correction is an analysis over many interleaved frames. C2 error correction codes are also used by the
C2_error
Ordering of binary values, used for positioning and error correction
instead of two. Gray codes are widely used to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches and to facilitate error correction in digital communications
Gray_code
Error correction code
In coding theory, the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes (BCH codes) form a class of cyclic error-correcting codes that are constructed using polynomials
BCH_code
Linear error-correcting code
used as the base for the Steane code, a type of CSS code used for quantum error correction. The goal of the Hamming codes is to create a set of parity bits
Hamming(7,4)
Pattern used within a communications system to represent digital data
of signals is usually called a constrained code in data storage systems. Some signals are more prone to error than others as the physics of the communication
Line_code
Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel
In coding theory, burst error-correcting codes employ methods of correcting burst errors, which are errors that occur in many consecutive bits rather
Burst_error-correcting_code
Error-correcting codes used on compact discs
Reed–Solomon code (CIRC) provides error detection and error correction. CIRC adds to every three data bytes one redundant parity byte. Reed–Solomon codes are specifically
Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding
Cross-interleaved_Reed–Solomon_coding
Type of file format
uses more advanced techniques (specifically error correction codes) than simplistic parity methods of error detection. As of 2015, PAR1 is obsolete, PAR2
Parchive
Digital radio standard
communication systems. A choice of audio codec, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. A significant
Digital_Audio_Broadcasting
Code for quantum correction
The Steane code is a tool in quantum error correction introduced by Andrew Steane in 1996. It is a CSS code (Calderbank-Shor-Steane), using the classical
Steane_code
Type of graphics card memory
equipment will be less costly than PAM-4. GDDR7 adds on-die error correction code, error checking and scrubbing features for chip reliability, mainly
GDDR7_SDRAM
Classification of quantum processors
incorporate quantum error correction to achieve arbitrarily low error rates (i.e. their logical error rate is much lower than their physical error rate). Full-FTQC
Fault tolerant quantum computing
Fault_tolerant_quantum_computing
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
erroneous message. The ED code may be omitted when a code is used that can perform both forward error correction (FEC) in addition to error detection, such as
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
Wireless network standard
bit rates of 1 or 2 megabits per second (Mbit/s), plus forward error correction code. It specified three alternative physical layer technologies: diffuse
IEEE_802.11
Digital optical disc data storage format
group decided to adopt Sony’s error correction system, CIRC. Immink, in a few months' time, developed the recording code called eight-to-fourteen modulation
Compact_disc
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
single-carrier system. In coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM), forward error correction (convolutional coding) and time/frequency interleaving
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Class of error-correcting code
decoding algorithms than other codes (cf. syndrome decoding).[citation needed] Linear codes are used in forward error correction and are applied in methods
Linear_code
Communications protocol standard in FM radio broadcasts
The data is sent with an error correction code, but receivers may choose to use it only for error detection without correction. RDS defines many features
Radio_Data_System
Data format used for audio compact discs
group decided to adopt Sony’s error correction system, CIRC. Immink, in a few months' time, developed the recording code called eight-to-fourteen modulation
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
Early computer error-detection technique
detected errors can be corrected—this is increasingly important on networked machines serving many users. RAM with ECC or Error Correction Code can detect
RAM_parity
Quantum error correcting code
The Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) code is a quantum error correcting code that encodes logical qubits into the continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Topics referred to by the same term
threading software Western Digital Raptor, hard disk drives Raptor code, error correction code Gecko (software) or Raptor Raptor RDF, from the Redland RDF Application
Raptor
Type of matrix barcode
Reed-Solomon code (shortened to (40,29) and corresponding to 29 data words and 11 error correction words of 6 bits each) over GF(64). Error correction words
Aztec_Code
Type of modem
applies an error correction code to the digital stream, thereby adding redundancy. An FEC decoder decodes the Forward error correction code used within
Satellite_modem
Codes with the property that slight modifications of messages are difficult to make
codes was introduced in 2009 by Dziembowski, Pietrzak, and Wichs, for relaxing the notion of error-correction and error-detection. Informally, a code
Non-malleable_code
Single-board microcontroller
doesn't include caches or peripheral buffers. ECC means SRAM has error correction code checking, Parity means SRAM has parity checking. MCU USART/UART
Arduino_Nano
First spacecraft to enter orbit around Mars (1971–1972)
Instead of using a repetition code, a [32, 6, 16] Hadamard code was used, which is also a 1st-order Reed-Muller code. Errors of up to seven bits per each
Mariner_9
Type of computer memory
HUDIMM. Unlike DDR4, all DDR5 chips have on-die error-correction code, that detects and corrects storage errors before forwarding data to the CPU, to improve
DDR5_SDRAM
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for error correction code (ECC) memory, higher core counts, more PCI Express (PCIe) lanes
Xeon
Error-correcting code
constant alphabet size. Before the Justesen error correction code was discovered, no error correction code was known that had all of these three parameters
Justesen_code
Error-correcting code
error and erasure correction in network coding. Linear code Reed–Solomon error correction Berlekamp–Massey algorithm Network coding Codes for which each
Rank_error-correcting_code
Sector of a disk storage unit which is unreadable
read not only needs to produce data, but also needs to pass the error correction code.) Pending sectors may be retried on further reads. The repeated
Bad_sector
File with the content of other files plus associated metadata
associated metadata such as file name, directory structure, error detection and correction information, and commentary. An archive file is often used to
Archive_file
Type of quantum computer
both of which can be understood as Majorana bound states in quantum error correction. Topological quantum computers are equivalent in computational power
Topological_quantum_computer
Monroe, Christopher (2020). "Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Quantum Error-Correction Code". arXiv:2009.11482 [quant-ph]. "The Power of Co-Design, Hermanni
List_of_quantum_processors
algorithmic progress by the coding theory community has bridged this gap. Much of this progress is based on a relaxed error-correction model called list decoding
List_decoding
Emirati theoretical physicist
worked on the realization of the AdS/CFT correspondence as a quantum error correction code, and at the Institute for Advanced Study (2017–22) during which
Ahmed_Almheiri
Type of computing error
forward error correction, incorporating redundant data into each word to create an error correcting code. Alternatively, roll-back error correction can be
Soft_error
Electronic device that plays audio compact discs
sampling rate, 16-bit linear resolution, and cross-interleaved error correction code—specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard
CD_player
Set of strings with few differences
comes from coding theory, where error correction codes can be defined as having disjoint Hamming balls around their codewords, and covering codes can be defined
Hamming_ball
Proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer based on Schrödinger cat states
by other error-correcting codes. This design suggests that cat qubits demonstrate the potential to efficiently scale to full error correction and fault
Cat_qubit_quantum_computer
Family of digital modulation methods
amplitude phase modulation (CAP) Circle packing § Applications Error correction code In-phase and quadrature components Modulation for other examples
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Data storage technology
named RAID 5. Around 1988, the Thinking Machines' DataVault used error correction codes (now known as RAID 2) in an array of disk drives. A similar approach
RAID
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
bits, redundant forward error correction (FEC) codes, equalizer training symbols and other channel coding. Error-correcting codes are common especially
Bit_rate
Digital optical disc format
optical drive. Errors on Blu-Ray media are measured using the so-called LDC (Long Distance Codes) and BIS (Burst Indication Subcodes) error parameters, of
Blu-ray
Topics referred to by the same term
procedure Engineered cementitious composite, a.k.a. bendable concrete Error correction code ECC memory, a type of computer memory Exchange coupled composite
ECC
Algebraic structure
In coding theory, many codes are constructed as subspaces of vector spaces over finite fields. Finite fields are used by many error correction codes, such
Finite_field
Information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth
modulation method or line code. Spectral efficiency calculations may or may not count bits used for forward error correction (FEC) code and other physical layer
Spectral_efficiency
Specification by MIPI
up to 216 bytes. Packets are composed of a DataID, word count, error correction code (ECC), payload and checksum (CRC). Commands that require reading
Display_Serial_Interface
Wireless communication technology
in rural areas (line of sight). In addition, LoRa uses forward error correction coding to improve resilience against interference. LoRa's high range is
LoRa
Loss of quantum coherence
A 7-qubit code that provides error correction for arbitrary errors. Surface codes: A more scalable error correction code that uses a 2D lattice of qubits
Quantum_decoherence
Microcontroller board
doesn't include caches or peripheral buffers. ECC means SRAM has error correction code checking, Parity means SRAM has parity checking. MCU USART/UART
Arduino_Uno
CPU socket designed by Intel
Direct Media Interface 4.0 Supports 8 channels of DDR5 RAM with error correction code support Intel Smart Sound Technology that provides dedicated audio
LGA_4677
Type of matrix barcode
DotCode provides much more data density and Reed–Solomon error correction which allows to restore partially damaged dotcodes. However, the main DotCode implementation
DotCode
Computer security exploit
correction or mitigation of the Rowhammer effect. Tests show that simple error correction code, providing single-error correction and double-error detection
Row_hammer
Class of error correction codes
Permutation codes are a family of error correction codes that were introduced first by Slepian in 1965. and have been widely studied both in Combinatorics
Permutation_code
Algebraic structure with addition, multiplication, and division
describe properties of geometric objects. Finite fields are used for error correction codes and cryptography. Informally, a field is a set with an addition
Field_(mathematics)
Video camera with built-in video recorder
stretches in the tape which could erase data, but tracking and error-correction code on the tape compensates for most defects. On analog media, similar
Camcorder
Set of codewords, none a prefix of another
channel coding (including error correction) before transmission. For every uniquely decodable code there is a prefix code that has the same code word lengths
Prefix_code
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
a physical error rate below a certain threshold can, through application of quantum error correction schemes, suppress the logical error rate to arbitrarily
Threshold_theorem
Encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media
as a whole, and later to formats which use similar RLL codes without the error correction code. In order to reliably read and write to magnetic tape,
Group_coded_recording
Quantum error correcting code
Bacon–Shor code is a subsystem error correcting code. In a subsystem code, information is encoded in a subsystem of a Hilbert space. Subsystem codes lend to
Bacon–Shor_code
Theorem that tells the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted
(information rate, sometimes denoted I {\displaystyle I} ) excluding error-correction codes; B {\displaystyle B} is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz (passband
Shannon–Hartley_theorem
Mistake made in typing printed material
page to eliminate the error, but as evidence of the typo remained, it was not aesthetically pleasing. Correction fluid and correction tape were invented
Typographical_error
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
Biblical
punishment; correction
Girl/Female
Tamil
Collection
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, Danish, English, German, Jamaican, Latin, Scottish
To Wander; Nobleman; Leader; Earl; Wanderer
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Collection
Male
English
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, from a place name possibly ERROL means "to wander."Â
Female
Arthurian
, error for Nineve (q.v.).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Collection
Girl/Female
Tamil
Collection
Girl/Female
Tamil
Collection
Girl/Female
Biblical
Punishment, correction.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Gaelic, Irish
Terror; Lovers
Girl/Female
Tamil
Collection
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Without Error
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wanderering Noble
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Error-less
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Boy/Male
English American German Latin Scottish
Army commander. Army, weald power. Also can be a, meaning nobleman. Famous bearer: Australian...
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
Male
Czechoslovakian
, peace glory.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Truth
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ornament, Abbreviation of names ending in -gina
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Equitable
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Ingenious; Resourceful
Boy/Male
Muslim
Well known bird name of a t
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Krishna; The Person who Feels that What He is Doing is Actually God's Wish
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Servant of Guru
Girl/Female
Arabic
Right and Proper
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Light; A Flame; Silk-cotton Tree; Candle
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
ERROR CORRECTION-CODE
n.
Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as, the correction of acidity in the stomach.
n.
That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; an emendation; as, the corrections on a proof sheet should be set in the margin.
n.
The act of changing, or of being changed, for the worse; departure from what is pure, simple, or correct; as, a corruption of style; corruption in language.
n.
An allowance made for inaccuracy in an instrument; as, chronometer correction; compass correction.
n.
The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error.
n.
Want of correction, restraint, or discipline.
a.
Having the power to correct; tending to rectify; as, corrective penalties.
v. t.
The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.
n.
The persons or things that are connected; as, a business connection; the Methodist connection.
n.
One who, or that which, corrects; as, a corrector of abuses; a corrector of the press; an alkali is a corrector of acids.
n.
That which has the power of correcting, altering, or counteracting what is wrong or injurious; as, alkalies are correctives of acids; penalties are correctives of immoral conduct.
n.
A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.
n.
Correction of an error in a writ or process.
a.
Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error.
n.
The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the collection of specimens.
n.
One who is, or who has been, in the house of correction.
a.
Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for correction; as, a correctional institution.
n.
The act of correcting, or making that right which was wrong; change for the better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous statement.
a.
Containing or making correction; corrective.
n.
The product of corruption; putrid matter.