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Sounds and pronunciation of the Macedonian language
transcription delimiters. This article discusses the phonological system of Standard Macedonian (unless otherwise noted) based on the Prilep-Bitola dialect
Macedonian_phonology
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨l⟩ in IPA
Dependency Phonology, Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, pp. 109–131, ISBN 90-6765-297-0 Lunt, Horace G. (1952), Grammar of the Macedonian Literary
Voiced dental and alveolar lateral approximants
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_approximants
Consonantal sound often represented by ⟨z⟩ in IPA
Phonetically and/or Phonologically?", in Ball, Martin J. (ed.), The Phonetics and Phonology of Approximants, Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, Toronto, Buffalo
Voiced_alveolar_fricative
Consonantal sound often represented by ⟨s⟩ in IPA
(2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-203-97876-4 Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2004), "New Zealand English: phonology", in Schneider
Voiceless_alveolar_fricative
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨n⟩ in IPA
doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809 Chițoran, Ioana (2001), The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach, Berlin & New York: Mouton de
Voiced dental and alveolar nasals
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_nasals
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨x⟩ in IPA
12–15. Henderson, Michael M. T. (1975). "Diglossia in Kabul Persian Phonology". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 95 (4): 651–654. doi:10.2307/601026
Voiceless_velar_fricative
Study of sound organization in languages
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that concerns how languages organize the foundational elements that make
Phonology
Phonology of the Turkish language
delimiters. The phonology of Turkish deals with current phonology and phonetics, particularly of Istanbul Turkish. A notable feature of the phonology of Turkish
Turkish_phonology
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨v⟩ in IPA
Kristján (2011). The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199229314. Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor
Voiced_labiodental_fricative
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɣ⟩ in IPA
Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:159) Peters (2006:119) R.E. Keller, German Dialects. Phonology and Morphology, Manchester 1960 Ning Tingde(宁廷德) (2013). 宁阳方言志 (in Chinese)
Voiced_velar_fricative
Type of consonant used in many spoken languages
after its name in Hebrew. This is reflected in the names of certain phonological changes, such as yod-dropping and yod-coalescence. A palatal approximant
Voiced_palatal_approximant
Consonantal sound often represented by ⟨ʃ⟩ in IPA
Temsunungsang, T; Changkija, Amenla, I (2025-10-13). "A description of Changki-Ao phonology with a note on orthography". Himalayan Linguistics. 24 (2). doi:10.5070/H9
Voiceless postalveolar fricative
Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative
National anthem of North Macedonia
rights are omitted. North Macedonia portal March of the Macedonian Revolutionaries See Help:IPA/Macedonian and Macedonian phonology. The second stanza is
Denes_nad_Makedonija
Consonantal sound
1017/S0025100304001756 Blevins, Juliette (1994), "The Bimoraic Foot in Rotuman Phonology and Morphology", Oceanic Linguistics, 33 (2): 491–516, doi:10.2307/3623138
Voiceless postalveolar affricate
Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate
South Slavic language spoken in North Macedonia
these files? See media help. The phonological system of Standard Macedonian is based on the Prilep-Bitola dialect. Macedonian possesses five vowels, one semivowel
Macedonian_language
Ancient Hellenic variety
particular phonology and a few others are non-Greek. The Macedonian calendar's origins go back to Greek prehistory. The names of the Macedonian months, just
Ancient_Macedonian_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨k⟩ in IPA
(1959), pp. 458–461. Merrill (2008), p. 108. Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5 Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri
Voiceless_velar_plosive
Phonology of the English language
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. English phonology is the system of sounds used in spoken English. Like many languages, English
English_phonology
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɲ⟩ in IPA
fonético-fonológicos nos estados da Paraíba e do Ceará" [The phonetic-phonological studies in Paraíba and Ceará states] (PDF), Revista da ABRALIN (in Portuguese)
Voiced_palatal_nasal
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɡ⟩ in IPA
intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech", Laboratory Phonology, 13 (1), doi:10.16995/labphon.6449, hdl:1887/3304670 Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli
Voiced_velar_plosive
Consonantal sound
(2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659 Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press Wells, John
Voiced_postalveolar_affricate
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨p⟩ in IPA
occlusives germaniques, Aarhus University Press Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5 Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri
Voiceless_bilabial_plosive
Class of consonantal sounds
Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8 Chew, Peter A. (2003), A computational phonology of Russian, Dissertation.com, ISBN 978-1-58112-178-0 Chung, Sandra (2020)
Voiceless_alveolar_affricate
Consonantal sound often represented by ⟨ʒ⟩ in IPA
Thomas; Levkovych, Nataliya (2021-08-23). Areal Linguistics within the Phonological Atlas of Europe: Loan Phonemes and their Distribution. Walter de Gruyter
Voiced_postalveolar_fricative
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨m⟩ in IPA
(1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cambridge Studies in Linguistics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press
Voiced_bilabial_nasal
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b⟩ in IPA
intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech", Laboratory Phonology, 13 (1), doi:10.16995/labphon.6449, hdl:1887/3304670 Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli
Voiced_bilabial_plosive
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨f⟩ in IPA
English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 181–196, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider
Voiceless labiodental fricative
Voiceless_labiodental_fricative
Indo-European language
Murray, Sarah C. (2010). "Macedonian Religion". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden:
Greek_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨c⟩ in IPA
R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University, archived from the original on 2014-07-07, retrieved
Voiceless_palatal_plosive
Sounds and pronunciation of the Italian language
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Italian describes the sound system—the phonology and phonetics—of standard Italian and its geographical
Italian_phonology
Sound system of the French language
French phonology is the sound system of French. This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French. Notable phonological features
French_phonology
Writing system of the Macedonian language
The Macedonian alphabet (Macedonian: Македонска азбука, romanized: Makedonska azbuka) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Macedonian
Macedonian_alphabet
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɟ⟩ in IPA
R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University, archived from the original on 2014-07-07, retrieved
Voiced_palatal_plosive
Consonantal sound
Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8 Chew, Peter A. (2003), A computational phonology of Russian, Universal Publishers Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003)
Voiced_alveolar_affricate
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɱ⟩ in IPA
(1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cambridge Studies in Linguistics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press
Voiced_labiodental_nasal
delimiters. While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, contemporary spoken Arabic is more properly described as a continuum
Standard_Arabic_phonology
Ancient Greek ethnic group
world. The Macedonians were eventually conquered by the Roman Republic, which dismantled the Macedonian monarchy at the end of the Third Macedonian War (171–168
Ancient_Macedonians
Phonological system of the Japanese language
you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. Japanese phonology is the system of sounds used in the pronunciation of the Japanese language
Japanese_phonology
Sound system of Spanish
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language. Unless otherwise noted, statements
Spanish_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Swedish language
social and dialectal context. Finland Swedish has a slightly different phonology. Swedish has nine vowels that, as in many other Germanic languages, exist
Swedish_phonology
Sound system of the Korean language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of the Korean language covers the language's phonemic, or distinct and
Korean_phonology
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect
Standard_Chinese_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Russian language
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article discusses the phonological system of standard Russian based on the Moscow dialect (unless otherwise
Russian_phonology
Reconstructed sound system of a proto-language
Proto-Indo-European words (for an explanation of the notation, see Proto-Indo-European phonology). Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes
Proto-Indo-European_phonology
Greek regional and historical population group
Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes), also known as Macedonian Greeks, Greek Macedonians or Makedonians, are a regional and historical population
Macedonians_(Greeks)
Phonology of Hindi and Urdu
India and co-official and national language of Pakistan respectively. Phonological differences between the two standards are minimal. Hindustani natively
Hindustani_phonology
Cyrillic letter
El (Λ ʌ) is more common in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian. As used in the alphabets of various languages, El represents
El_(Cyrillic)
System of sounds of the Finnish language
described as near-open back [ɑ̝] and open central [ɑ̈]. Finnish has a phonological contrast between single (/æ e i ø y ɑ o u/) and double (/ææ ee ii øø
Finnish_phonology
Phonology of the Irish language
comparison of the IPA system with those used in learners' materials. Irish phonology varies from dialect to dialect; there is no standard pronunciation of
Irish_phonology
Sound system of the Kurukh language
The phonology of Kurukh (also spelled as Kurux or Oraon), a North Dravidian language spoken by the Kurukh (Oraon) and Kisan people of East India, consists
Kurukh_phonology
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɛ⟩ in IPA
(1999), p. 10. Bamgboṣe (1966), p. 166. Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
Open-mid front unrounded vowel
Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel
Sound system of standard Modern Greek
transcription delimiters. This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties
Modern_Greek_phonology
Systematic organization of spoken sounds of the Norwegian language
and visual media. Unless noted otherwise, this article describes the phonology of Urban East Norwegian. The spelling is always Bokmål. /n, t, d/ are
Norwegian_phonology
of the Karacalar Ubykh consonant inventory. Güngör's speech differed phonologically from Standard Ubykh in a number of ways: the labialised alveolar stops
Ubykh_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Polish language
If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. The phonological system of the Polish language is similar in many ways to those of other
Polish_phonology
Ukrainian). 2019. Vowel Alternations in Ukrainian: From the Perspectives of Phonological Universality (PDF), The University of Osaka: Naoya Watabe, 2025 §5, p
Ukrainian_phonology
Phonology of the Cantonese language
understand". This /ɛt/ final sound does not fit into general Cantonese phonology, though the final sound with the longer vowel -et /ɛːt/ has appeared in
Cantonese_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Portuguese
The phonology of Portuguese varies among dialects, in extreme cases leading to some difficulties in mutual intelligibility. This article on phonology focuses
Portuguese_phonology
Medieval Slavic literary language
the term was introduced mostly by Macedonian scholars and it is anachronistic because there was no separate Macedonian language, distinguished from early
Old_Church_Slavonic
Sounds and pronunciation of Catalan
and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The Catalan phonology has a certain degree of dialectal variation. Although there are two standard
Catalan_phonology
Phonology of the Latvian language
transcription delimiters. This article is about the phonology of Latvian. It deals with synchronic phonology as well as phonetics. Table adopted from Nau (1998:6)
Latvian_phonology
Phonology of the Vietnamese language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Vietnamese features 19 consonant phonemes, with 5 additional consonant
Vietnamese_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. Ancient Greek phonology is the reconstructed phonology or pronunciation of Ancient Greek. This article mostly
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Standard pronunciation of the German language
delimiters. The Standard German phonology is the standard pronunciation of the German language. It consists of the current phonology and phonetics as well as
Standard_German_phonology
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Latin phonology is the system of sounds used in Latin. Classical Latin was spoken from
Latin phonology and orthography
Latin_phonology_and_orthography
Phonological system of the Hawaiian language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonological system of the Hawaiian language is based on documentation from those
Hawaiian_phonology
Dialect of Macedonian
peripheral dialects are: mostly antepenultimate word stress (see Macedonian phonology); Proto-Slavic *ǫ has reflexed into /a/: rǫka > рака /ˈraka/ ('hand')
Prilep-Bitola_dialect
Minority in Greece
Macedonian-language books printed in Greece, young ethnic Macedonians living in Greece use books originating from North Macedonia. Today Macedonian dialects
Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia
Group of Ancient Greek dialects
himself argues with the largely Greek character of the Macedonian onomastics and sees Macedonian as "a Greek dialect, characterised by its marginal position
Doric_Greek
consonants in clusters as a fricative would, and so is considered to be phonologically a sonorant (approximant). /t͡s, f, x/ are voiced [d͡z, v, ɣ] before
Serbo-Croatian_phonology
Phonology of Oromo language
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article describes the phonology of the Oromo language. The Oromo language has 24 to 28 consonant phonemes
Oromo_phonology
Capital and largest city of North Macedonia
Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје) after the Second World War, when standard Macedonian became the official language of the new Socialist Republic of Macedonia.[citation
Skopje
Sound system of Australian English
non-rhotic pronunciations of English used by most native-born Australians. Phonologically, Australian English is a relatively regionally homogeneous variety of
Australian_English_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Kurdish languages
transcription delimiters. Kurdish phonology is the sound system of the Kurdish dialect continuum. This article includes the phonology of the three Kurdish languages
Kurdish_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Icelandic
upbeat". Another source of glottal stop for some speaker is the Icelandic phonology#Debbucalisation of stops before /l, n/ (or höggmæli). A large number of
Icelandic_phonology
Systematic organization of spoken sounds of the Danish language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Danish is similar to that of the other closely related Scandinavian
Danish_phonology
Subgroup of South Slavic languages
homeland. They imagined a Macedonian community uniting themselves with non-Slavic Macedonians... Most of these Macedonian Slavs also saw themselves as
Eastern_South_Slavic
Sounds and pronunciation of the Welsh language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Welsh is characterised by a number of sounds that do not occur in English
Welsh_phonology
Dialect of Greek in the ancient world
beta, gamma, and delta, which has been attributed to the Macedonian influence. The term "Macedonian" ended up meaning the Koine Greek in classical sources
Koine_Greek
Pronunciation and sounds of Old English
and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Old English phonology is the pronunciation system of Old English, the Germanic language spoken
Old_English_phonology
Phonology of the Belarusian language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonological system of the modern Belarusian language consists of at least 44 phonemes:
Belarusian_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Egyptian Arabic
This article is about the phonology of Egyptian Arabic, also known as Cairene Arabic or Masri. It deals with the phonology and phonetics of Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian_Arabic_phonology
Cyrillic letter
then-codified Macedonian language. The phoneme is also present in Greek (ΤΖ τζ) and Albanian (X x), both non-Slavic neighbours to the Macedonian language;
Dze
Phonology of the Dutch language
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Dutch phonology is similar to that of other West Germanic languages, especially Afrikaans
Dutch_phonology
Language family
Western Bulgarian dialects Macedonian dialects Northern Macedonian dialects Western Macedonian dialects Southeastern Macedonian dialects Transitional South
South_Slavic_languages
Latin letter S with caron
199. ISBN 978-1-5881-1584-3. Krajčovič, Rudolf (1975). A historical phonology of the Slovak language. Winter. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-5330-2329-6. Daskalov
Š
v t e Nouns of the world's languages Phonologies Orthographies Grammars Adjectives Adpositions Determiners Nouns Pronouns Verbs Bulgarian English German
Lists_of_languages
Sounds and pronunciation of the Hittite language
combining characters and Latin characters. Hittite phonology is the description of the reconstructed phonology or pronunciation of the Hittite language. Because
Hittite_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Hungarian language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Hungarian is notable for its process of vowel harmony, the frequent
Hungarian_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Persian language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of the Persian language varies between regional dialects and standard
Persian_phonology
and Macedonian government with a Joint Declaration which used the formulation: in Macedonian, pursuant to Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, and
Political views on the Macedonian language
Political_views_on_the_Macedonian_language
Sounds and pronunciation of the Nepali language
there is reported to be little variation in phonology from one to another. Nepali has 11 phonologically distinctive vowels, including 6 oral vowels and
Nepali_phonology
Phonology of the Chukchi language
to six distinct vowels with vowel harmony, and fifteen consonants. Its phonology is similar to those of other indigenous languages of the Russian Far East—namely
Chukchi_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Romanian language
original spellings, but their pronunciation has been adapted to Romanian phonology. The table below gives some examples. Borrowings such as whisky and week-end
Romanian_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Modern Hebrew
ISSN 1876-6633. Bolozky, Shmuel (1997). "Israeli Hebrew phonology". Israeli Hebrew Phonology. Dekel (2014), p. 9. Robert Hetzron. (1987). Hebrew. In The
Modern_Hebrew_phonology
Pronunciation differences in the United States and Canada
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. North American English regional phonology is the study of variations in the pronunciation of spoken North American
North American English regional phonology
North_American_English_regional_phonology
Latin letter N with caron
sound in English canyon. Thus, it has the same function as Albanian, Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian nj / њ, French and Italian gn, Catalan and Hungarian
Ň
Sounds used in an Iranian language
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. Amongst the Iranian languages, the phonology of Pashto is of middle complexity,[quantify] but its morphology is very
Pashto_phonology
than the Koine Greek period, Boeotian phonology is shown here as it prefigures several traits of later Koine phonology. By the 4th century BC, Boeotian had
Koine_Greek_phonology
Phonology of the Latgalian language
phoneme. Long /ɛː, ɔː/ are rare and occur only in interjections. The phonological long counterparts of the short /ɛ, ɔ/ are the diphthongs /iɛ, uɔ/. There
Latgalian_phonology
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MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
MACEDONIAN PHONOLOGY
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