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Erroneous idea of canals on Mars
canyon Valles Marineris, the "canals" were likely an optical illusion, and modern high-resolution mapping of the Martian surface by spacecraft supports
Martian_canals
Depictions of the planet
atmosphere, a diverse ecosystem including sentient Martians, and Lowellian canals. Martian canals remained a prominent symbol of this more traditional
Mars_in_fiction
an incomplete list of Martian canals from the erroneous belief in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that "Martian canals" existed on the surface
List_of_Martian_canals
Fictional representation of the planet Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs
via a worldwide system of canals, controlled by quarreling city-states at the junctures thereof. The idea of Martian "canals" stems from telescopic observations
Barsoom
Fourth planet from the Sun
of the polar caps and the dark areas formed during Martian summers) in combination with the canals led to speculation about life on Mars, and it was a
Mars
American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer (1855–1916)
both, depending partly on the Martian seasons. He theorized that an advanced but desperate culture had built the canals to tap Mars's polar ice caps,
Percival_Lowell
1908 non-fiction essay by H. G. Wells
expedition to Chile, an attempt to capture images of the purported Martian canals. Lowell's canals were later discredited and explained as an optical illusion
The_Things_that_Live_on_Mars
Astronomical observatory and historic landmark in Arizona, US
discovered a series of Martian canals. Percival Lowell had seen these drawings and was fascinated by the idea of artificial canals in Mars. In the winter
Lowell_Observatory
these channels resembled man-made canals, which an intelligent race could use to redistribute water across a dying Martian world. He advocated for the existence
History_of_Mars_observation
Perception of meaningful patterns or images in random or vague stimuli
straight lines, which were then interpreted by some as canals. It was theorized that the canals were possibly created by sentient beings. This created
Pareidolia
Emirates Dubai Water Canal Vietnam Vĩnh Tế Canal Geography portal Transport portal Water portal Technology portal List of Martian canals Lists of canals
List_of_canals_by_country
Area of research which persists despite being widely discredited
and voodoo science." Examples of pathological science include the Martian canals, N-rays, and cold fusion. The theories and conclusions behind all of
Pathological_science
Series of fabricated newspaper articles published in 1835
Edgar Allan Poe, 1844 Bat Boy (character) Lunarcy! The Man in the Moone Martian canals Moon landing conspiracy theories A Trip to the Moon, a 1902 French science
Great_Moon_Hoax
Assessments of possible life on Mars
century, following telescopic observation by some observers of apparent Martian canals—which were later found to be optical illusions. Despite this, in 1895
Life_on_Mars
List of canals in New York List of canals in Oregon List of canals in Texas List of Martian canals List of aqueducts List of interoceanic canals List of
Lists_of_waterways
1949 SF novel by Robert A. Heinlein
frozen Martian canals to their homes. During the trip, Frank gets sick. On the third night, they are forced to take shelter inside a giant Martian cabbage-plant
Red_Planet_(novel)
Early attempts at describing the surface of Mars
listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the articles Martian canals and List of Martian canals. Note that the pronunciation
Classical albedo features on Mars
Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars
Greek-French astronomer
observations of the planets, and was a major opponent of the notion of Martian canals. He created some of the most detailed maps of Mars at the time, and
E._M._Antoniadi
1950 novel by Ray Bradbury
The Martian Chronicles is a science fiction fix-up novel, published in 1950, by American writer Ray Bradbury that chronicles the exploration and settlement
The_Martian_Chronicles
2011 non-fiction book by Robert Crossley
astronomer Percival Lowell (1855–1916), who popularized the myth of Martian canals in the public consciousness, and science fiction author H. G. Wells
Imagining Mars: A Literary History
Imagining_Mars:_A_Literary_History
Book by Alfred Wallace
and Its Canals (1906) by astronomer Percival Lowell. Lowell famously argued that an advanced, intelligent civilization engineered Martian canals on the
Is_Mars_Habitable?
here contains only named Martian craters starting with the letter O – Z (see also lists for A – G and H – N). Large Martian craters (greater than 60 kilometers
List_of_craters_on_Mars:_O–Z
1936 novella by H. P. Lovecraft
life on Mars, including Mars-set fictional works and the claims of Martian canals made by Percival Lowell (whom Lovecraft met in 1907). Guimont has also
At_the_Mountains_of_Madness
2006 novel by Wernher von Braun
beneath our feet and we tread upon the fairy bridge of fantasy". The Martian canals are speculation and the inhabitants pure fiction. He muses that, after
Project Mars: A Technical Tale
Project_Mars:_A_Technical_Tale
Belgian astronomer
Leuven, Belgium and was an early ardent advocate of the existence of Martian canals. He collected drawings of Mars and wrote the work Aréographie in 1875
François_J._Terby
Japanese author (1894–1965)
Masquerade Ball" (覆面の舞踏者, Fukumen no Butōsha; January–February 1926) "The Martian Canals" (火星の運河, Kasei no Unga; April 1926) "The Appearance of Osei" (お勢登場,
Edogawa_Ranpo
here only contains named Martian craters starting with the letter A – G (see also lists for H – N and O – Z). Large Martian craters (greater than 60 kilometers
List_of_craters_on_Mars:_A–G
Italian fashion designer and couturier (1890–1973)
astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, had discovered the so-called canali, or Martian canals, and the young Schiaparelli often studied the heavens with her uncle
Elsa_Schiaparelli
Overview of and topical guide to Mars
Transit of Deimos from Mars History of Mars observation Martian canals List of Martian canals Classical albedo features on Mars Timeline of discoveries
Outline_of_Mars
Italian astronomer and science historian (1835–1910)
developed a consensus against the canal hypothesis, but the popular concept of Martian canals excavated by intelligent Martians remained in the public mind
Giovanni_Schiaparelli
1898 science fiction novel by H. G. Wells
with much greater intelligence and more advanced weapons than humans. The Martians intend to eliminate mankind and conquer Earth because their own older and
The_War_of_the_Worlds
(literally channels, but widely translated as canals) on the Martian surface. These purported Martian canals were variously interpreted as optical illusions
Solar_System_in_fiction
Double telescope in Meudon, France
outreach. The telescope is noted for being used to disprove the theory of Martian canals, which was a popular story in the late 19th century. The telescope lenses
Meudon_Great_Refractor
English naturalist (1823–1913)
claims made by the American astronomer Percival Lowell that there were Martian canals built by intelligent beings. Wallace did months of research, consulted
Alfred_Russel_Wallace
1894 novel by Gustavus W. Pope
The Martians need to relocate from their world because of impending planetary catastrophe: meteors bombard the planet (the so-called Martian canals are
Journey_to_Mars
Topics referred to by the same term
canal, a term in dentistry Canal (garden history) shorter canals in formal gardens, mostly of the 16-18th centuries Martian canals, a 19th and early 20th
Canal_(disambiguation)
Delineation and characterization of Martian regions
rivers on Earth. His term was popularly mistranslated as canals, and so started the Martian canal controversy. Following these observations, it was a long-held
Areography
Branch of SETI
"canals", which are artificial) on Mars. This was followed by thirty years of enthusiasm about the possibility of life on Mars. Eventually the Martian
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence
1991 video game
Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams is a role-playing video game, part of the Ultima series, published in 1991, and re-released for Windows
Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams
Ultima:_Worlds_of_Adventure_2:_Martian_Dreams
American sitcom (1963–1966)
My Favorite Martian is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 29, 1963, to May 1, 1966, for 107 episodes. The show stars Ray Walston as "Uncle
My_Favorite_Martian
Swiss writer (1935–2026)
people who first saw the lines from the air made joking comparisons to Martian "canals", and had already been published by others. Descriptions of some Nazca
Erich_von_Däniken
Scifi mini-series
The Martian Chronicles is a 1980 television three-episode miniseries based on Ray Bradbury's 1950 book The Martian Chronicles and dealing with the exploration
The Martian Chronicles (miniseries)
The_Martian_Chronicles_(miniseries)
Crater on Mars
believed were over 500 canals on Mars. Lowell promoted the idea that they were constructed by an intelligent race of Martians. However, when pictures
Lowell_(Martian_crater)
Danish amateur astronomer, socialist
special mention for their beauty and detailed rendering of the supposed Martian canals." Emmy Ingeborg Brun, more commonly known as Ingeborg Brun, was born
Ingeborg_Brun
2008 novel by Kenneth Oppel
(Canada) 2008; HarperCollins U.S. (Eos imprint); Faber & Faber (UK, Australia, New Zealand) Space elevator Space exploration Space Race Martian canals
Starclimber
1964 American science fiction film by Byron Haskin
hiding place, Draper, Friday, and Mona flee north through underground Martian canals. They eventually surface near the polar icecap. Exhausted, freezing
Robinson_Crusoe_on_Mars
Hypothesis that some unidentified flying objects are created by extraterrestrial life
to a number of earlier events, such as the now-discredited Martian canals and ancient Martian civilization promoted by astronomer Percival Lowell, popular
Extraterrestrial UFO hypothesis
Extraterrestrial_UFO_hypothesis
River in eastern Morocco
Alawites took place in 1692 at the ford of this river. The illusionary Martian canals were given names of mythical and real rivers, including one named the
Moulouya_River
Life that does not originate on Earth
the late 19th century, following telescopic observation of apparent Martian canals – which soon, however, turned out to be optical illusions. Despite this
Extraterrestrial_life
Italian astronomer (1859–1927
to Teramo. He also observed Mars and developed the theory that the Martian canals were not real but an optical illusion, a theory that was later confirmed
Vincenzo_Cerulli
1952 novel by Isaac Asimov
as dense as Earth's and lacks oxygen. He does not mention the famous Martian canals. Writing in The New York Times, Ellen Lewis Buell reported that Asimov
David_Starr,_Space_Ranger
1951 novel by Arthur C. Clarke
vision of Mars was based on what was known or imagined in the 1950s. The Martian canals were long discredited, but it was not thought that Mars had mountains
The_Sands_of_Mars
Geomorphological feature of Mars
The Martian dichotomy is a geomorphical feature of Mars, characterized by the contrast between the Southern and the Northern hemispheres. The two hemispheres'
Martian_dichotomy
here only contains named Martian craters starting with the letter H – N (see also lists for A – G and O – Z). Large Martian craters (greater than 60 kilometers
List_of_craters_on_Mars:_H–N
Topics referred to by the same term
homonymous rivers in Argolis, Boeotia and Attica. Cephissus, a Martian canal, per List of Martian canals Battle of the Cephissus, 15 March 1311 conflict between
Cephissus
1912 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs
of the humanoid red Martian race. The red Martians inhabit a loose network of city-states and control the desert planet's canals, along which its agriculture
A_Princess_of_Mars
surface features of Mars seen by the Opportunity rover see also List of Martian canals List of geological features on Ceres List of geological features on
Lists of geological features of the Solar System
Lists_of_geological_features_of_the_Solar_System
Meteorite made of rock originating from Mars
A Martian meteorite is a rock that formed on Mars, was ejected from the planet by an impact event, and traversed interplanetary space before landing on
Martian_meteorite
Planet with environment similar to Earth's
similar axial tilt, orbit and seasons as well as a Martian civilization that had built great Martian canals. These theories were advanced by Giovanni Schiaparelli
Earth_analog
Hypothetical form of archaeology of remnants of alien civilizations
traced to theories about a hypothetical Martian civilization based on observations of what were perceived as canals on Mars. These theories, of which Percival
Xenoarchaeology
1980 British television series
18 November 1980 (1980-11-18) Including lost planets such as Vulcan, the Martian canals, the identity of the Star of Bethlehem etc. 13 "Clarke's Cabinet of
Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World
Arthur_C._Clarke's_Mysterious_World
Range of mountains in southwest Europe
equatorial reflector which was used in 1909 to formally discredit the Martian canal theory. A 1.06-metre (42 in) telescope was installed in 1963, funded
Pyrenees
1890 novel by Robert Cromie
find themselves in a vast desert; Barnett concludes that the purported Martian canals that astronomers had reported seeing in their telescopes are in fact
A_Plunge_into_Space
Natural satellites of the planet Mars
itself, perhaps from a giant impact event suggested to have created the Martian dichotomy and the Borealis Basin. The second suggests that they are captured
Moons_of_Mars
Martian volcano, highest point on Mars
the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during the Martian Hesperian Period with eruptions continuing well into the Amazonian Period
Olympus_Mons
British astronomer studying sunspots (1851–1928)
notion of Martian canals. He conducted visual experiments using marked circular disks which led him to conclude, correctly, that the viewing of canals arose
Edward_Walter_Maunder
Gas layer surrounding Mars
currently thin Martian atmosphere prohibits the existence of liquid water on the surface of Mars, but many studies suggest that the Martian atmosphere was
Atmosphere_of_Mars
American spy thriller television series
subsequent airing on Paramount+ with Showtime on June 27. CIA officer "Martian" is ordered to abandon his undercover life and return to London Station
The_Agency_(2024_TV_series)
Topics referred to by the same term
of uncertain date connected with Ptolemy's Geography Agathodaemon, a Martian canal named for the cartographer Agathodaemon (grammarian), the 5th-century
Agathodaemon_(disambiguation)
Journalist and museum director
Perception (1934) in The New York Times. In 1916, he vigorously defended the Martian canals theory against skeptics. His obituary in The New York Times said his
Waldemar_Kaempffert
Depictions of the planet
popular by Percival Lowell around the turn of the century—with supposed Martian canals and a civilization that built them—and it never reached the same level
Venus_in_fiction
Liquid water naturally occurring outside Earth
Mars' dryness was long recognized, and gave credibility to the spurious Martian canals. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies and others have postulated
Extraterrestrial_liquid_water
Proposed approaches to tracking date and time on the planet Mars
the northward equinox, and increasingly there is use of numbering the Martian years beginning at the equinox that occurred April 11, 1955. Mars has an
Timekeeping_on_Mars
Study of a social phenomenon
century, though it has been revived in the 20th century. The supposed Martian canals were first reported in 1877, by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli
History_of_pseudoscience
Azerbaijani astronomer
State University Known for Map of Mars (1971), Martian canals, Craters discovered: Ibragimov (Martian crater) (August, 1982) Scientific career Fields
Nadir_Ibrahimov
Topics referred to by the same term
has been supposed that this river is the same as the Dravus Carpis, a Martian canal Carpi people Carpi (disambiguation) Karpis This disambiguation page
Carpis
Science fiction novel by Władysław Umiński
Lowell—astronomers interested in Mars—and contemporary theories about Martian canals. Polish literary scholar Maciej Wróblewski [pl] speculated that the
Na_drugą_planetę
Short story by Stanley G. Weinbaum
"A Martian Odyssey" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stanley G. Weinbaum originally published in the July 1934 issue of Wonder Stories
A_Martian_Odyssey
1968 Soviet science fiction film
Mars, the possibility of life on Mars and what forms it might take, of Martian canals and "seas" of the Red Planet. In addition, the film includes the director's
Mars_(1968_film)
Violence, IN THE NEWS, Boomtown Revisited, Ancient Visitors, Update - Martian Canals. 80 19 March 17, 1996 (1996-03-17) 4045 Trapped In Time, Miracle Child
List_of_Sightings_episodes
Study of past and present water on Mars
events Mars Global Surveyor § Evidence for water on Mars Martian canals – Erroneous idea of canals on Mars Mud cracks on Mars – Geological feature of the
Water_on_Mars
American reality TV series
Arizona, named after astronomer Percival Lowell who claimed there are Martian canals on Mars. 2.10 "Blind Tom; Invention of the Tommy Gun; Granddaddy of
Mysteries_at_the_Monument
Mars rover – but no sign of any "canals"… only to discover that the map is a fraud, and the idea of Martian canals was debunked long ago. Eagle is downcast
List_of_Space_Racers_episodes
Soviet writer and ufologist (1906–2002)
prehistorical people of Earth. Kazantsev was also interested in the Martian canal theory, and used it in his fiction concerning Mars.[citation needed]
Alexander_Kazantsev
first known observation of Martian dust storms. Flaugergues also observed in 1813 significant polar ice waning during Martian springtime. His speculation
Climate_of_Mars
Abstract strategy game
Martian Chess is an abstract strategy game for two or four players invented by Andrew Looney in 1999. It is played with Icehouse pyramids on a chessboard
Martian_Chess
French novel
Martian civilization was notably promoted by American businessman and amateur astronomer Percival Lowell, who supported the theory of Martian canals.
Le_Mystère_des_XV
Camille Flammarion, director of the Paris Observatory, argues that the Martian canals are artificial. Viruses are first described by Russian–Ukrainian biologist
1892_in_science
2007 Chilean film
Papelucho and the Martian (Spanish: Papelucho y el Marciano) is a 2007 Chilean animated science fiction film, created by Cine Animadores and Canal 13 Films, released
Papelucho_and_the_Martian
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
ejection of Martian atmospheric atoms has been detected by Mars-orbiting probes, indicating that the solar wind has stripped the Martian atmosphere over
Terraforming_of_Mars
Launch pad used by Atlas rockets and missiles
spacecraft to visit Mars, helping dispel beliefs such as the existence of Martian canals. 31 17 February 1965 17:05 Atlas-Agena Atlas LV-3 / Agena-B Ranger 8
Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 12
Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_12
observations of features in the surface on Mars that he claimed as artificial Martian canals (due to a mistranslation of a previous paper by Schiaparelli on the
Timeline of Solar System astronomy
Timeline_of_Solar_System_astronomy
Mountain in the French Pyrenees
equatorial reflector which was used in 1909 to formally discredit the Martian canal theory. In 1946 Mr. Gentilli funded a dome and a 0.60-meter telescope
Pic_du_Midi_de_Bigorre
1964 film directed by Nicholas Webster
Macabre. The Martians Momar (Mom Martian) and Kimar (King Martian) are worried that their children Girmar (Girl Martian) and Bomar (Boy Martian) are watching
Santa Claus Conquers the Martians
Santa_Claus_Conquers_the_Martians
In the late 19th century, people erroneously believed that there were canals on Mars. Into the early 20th century, additional observations of Mars fed
List_of_films_set_on_Mars
Solar day: unit of time on Mars
Earth day. It is approximately 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds long. A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth
Mars_sol
Geologic feature of Mars
1930 to a telescopic albedo feature and canal centered at lat. 30° N., long. 55° W. (See List of Martian canals.) Scopulus is a descriptor term used in
Nilokeras_Scopulus
Series of science fiction novels by Kim Stanley Robinson
novels are Red Mars (1992), Green Mars (1993), and Blue Mars (1996). The Martians (1999) is a collection of short stories set in the same fictional universe
Mars_trilogy
2008 novel by S. M. Stirling
broadcast from the probe reveals a Martian canal and wildlife and then, startlingly, the arrival of human-like Martians in a "land ship" who haul the probe
In the Courts of the Crimson Kings
In_the_Courts_of_the_Crimson_Kings
1913 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs
water supplies via a worldwide system of canals that is controlled by quarreling city-states. The thinning Martian atmosphere is artificially replenished
The_Gods_of_Mars
travel, tourism, insurance
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