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Topics referred to by the same term
Mean deviation may refer to: Mean signed deviation, a measure of central tendency Mean absolute deviation, a measure of statistical dispersion Mean squared
Mean_deviation
Summary statistic of variability
related to the given data set. AAD includes the mean absolute deviation and the median absolute deviation (both abbreviated as MAD). Several measures of
Average_absolute_deviation
Measure of variation in statistics
variance being the average of the squared deviations from the mean). A useful property of the standard deviation is that, unlike the variance, it is expressed
Standard_deviation
Statistical measure
The root mean square deviation (RMSD) or root mean square error (RMSE) is a frequently used measure of the distances between actual observed values and
Root_mean_square_deviation
Difference between a variable's observed value and a reference value
deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of
Deviation_(statistics)
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), and relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion
Coefficient_of_variation
Measure of the error of an estimator
In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures
Mean_squared_error
Calculations in probability theory
Squared deviations from the mean (SDM) result from squaring deviations. In probability theory and statistics, the definition of variance is either the
Squared deviations from the mean
Squared_deviations_from_the_mean
In statistics, the mean signed difference (MSD), also known as mean signed deviation, mean signed error, or mean bias error is a sample statistic that
Mean_signed_deviation
Statistical property
standard deviation of its sampling distribution. It is the square root of the variance of an estimator of a parameter, as in the standard error of the mean. The
Standard_error
Statistical measure
the geometric standard deviation (GSD) describes how spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean. For such data, it may
Geometric_standard_deviation
Statistical measure of variability
data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily
Median_absolute_deviation
Square root of the mean square
integral of the square of the function. In estimation theory, the root-mean-square deviation of an estimator measures how far the estimator strays from the data
Root_mean_square
Book publishing company
MacKaye, Peter Davis (ISBN 978-09796163-8-9) Released June 30, 2010. Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, by Jeff Wagner. Foreword by
Bazillion_Points
Measure of distance between atoms of superimposed proteins
In bioinformatics, the root mean square deviation of atomic positions, or simply root mean square deviation (RMSD), is the measure of the average distance
Root mean square deviation of atomic positions
Root_mean_square_deviation_of_atomic_positions
1993 studio album by Cynic
from the Focus bass transcription book, Jeff Wagner, the author of Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal and co-host of the podcast
Focus_(Cynic_album)
Statistical amount
Typically when a mean is calculated it is important to know the variance and standard deviation about that mean. When a weighted mean μ ∗ {\displaystyle
Weighted_arithmetic_mean
Measure of prediction accuracy of a forecast
The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), also known as mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), is a measure of prediction accuracy of a forecasting
Mean absolute percentage error
Mean_absolute_percentage_error
Statistical error measure
related to the mean squared error, the equivalent for mean absolute error is least absolute deviations. MAE is not identical to root-mean square error (RMSE)
Mean_absolute_error
Statistics concept
observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the
Errors_and_residuals
How many standard deviations apart from the mean an observed datum is
number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point) is above or below the mean value of what is being
Standard_score
Test statistic
extensively in goodness of fit testing. It is also known as mean squared weighted deviation (MSWD) in isotopic dating and variance of unit weight in the
Reduced_chi-squared_statistic
1985 studio album by Fates Warning
singing and harmonized guitar riffs. In the 2010 music history book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, journalist Jeff Wagner stated
The_Spectre_Within
Measure of statistical dispersion
and the standard deviation (the first L-moment and first conventional moment are both the mean). Both the standard deviation and the mean absolute difference
Mean_absolute_difference
Swedish progressive metal band
.." www.facebook.com. Retrieved 5 August 2025. Jeff Wagner (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Opeth
Probability distribution
mean) by the range (c − a), linearly for the mean deviation and nonlinearly for the variance: (mean deviation around mean) ( Y ) = ( (mean deviation around
Beta_distribution
Measure of income inequality
In statistics and econometrics, the mean log deviation (MLD) is a measure of income inequality. The MLD is zero when everyone has the same income, and
Mean_log_deviation
1983 demo album by Hellhammer
of Hellhammer was constantly changing around this time. In the book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, the demo was described as
Satanic_Rites
Probability distribution
1 {\displaystyle \lambda ^{1/\nu }-1} . The mean deviation of X ν {\displaystyle X^{\nu }} about its mean λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is given by E |
Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution
Conway–Maxwell–Poisson_distribution
Bound on probability of a random variable being far from its mean
deviation of a random variable (with finite variance) from its mean. More specifically, the probability that a random variable deviates from its mean
Chebyshev's_inequality
Music genre
ISSN 0300-7766. S2CID 194078761. Retrieved 11 July 2023. Jeff Wagner (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Zeuhl
Subgenre of heavy metal music
presentation of the genre are eclectic as well. According to Jeff Wagner in Mean Deviation, electronic percussion and drum machines see widespread use by avant-garde
Avant-garde_metal
Correction for sample variance bias
population mean is unknown, the uncorrected sample variance is the mean of the squares of deviations of sample values from the sample mean (i.e., using
Bessel's_correction
2001 single by Tool
Guitar One magazine, transcribed by Adam Perlmutter Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation. Bazillion Points. pp. 312–313. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4. Staff, Loudwire
Schism_(song)
Topics referred to by the same term
and an intended final dimension. Deviation (statistics), the difference between the value of an observation and the mean of the population in mathematics
Deviation
2000 studio album by Mayhem
focusing heavily on experimental and progressive elements. In his book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, Jeff Wagner wrote that Grand
Grand_Declaration_of_War
Russian general-purpose machine gun and its variants
bipod, as a light machine gun has the following accuracy of fire: a mean deviation of 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) at a range of 100 m (109 yd), 37–51 cm (15–20 in)
PK_machine_gun
Topics referred to by the same term
measure of central tendency Mean deviation (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mean difference. If an internal
Mean_difference
Average of squared values of a sample
the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations between a set of numbers and a reference value (e.g., may be a mean or an assumed mean of the data)
Mean_square
Music genre that blends heavy metal with classical music
To Mega Therion) and Nightwish. According to Jeff Wagner in his book Mean Deviation, the song was a creative watershed in metal, and except for Mekong Delta
Symphonic_metal
Type of average of a collection of numbers
number for which the residuals (deviations from the estimate) sum to zero. This can also be interpreted as saying that the mean is translationally invariant
Arithmetic_mean
Statistical phenomenon
where it's below its mean, when t < 0), is rt standard deviations above the mean of Y. Since |r| ≤ 1, Y is no farther from the mean than X is, as measured
Regression_toward_the_mean
Record label
Misanthropy Records were within various heavy metal subgenres. Jeff Wagner in Mean Deviation writes that Misanthropy, along with The End Records, helped usher in
Misanthropy_Records
1985 studio album by Megadeth
"chaotic", accompanied by "lightning-fast" solo sections. In his book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, editor Jeff Wagner wrote the
Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!
Killing_Is_My_Business..._and_Business_Is_Good!
Mathematical framework for investment risk
axiom. Alternatively, mean-deviation analysis is a rational choice theory resulting from replacing variance by an appropriate deviation risk measure. In the
Modern_portfolio_theory
1978 studio album by Rush
Home and Away. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-678-2. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Brooklyn, New York: Bazillion
Hemispheres_(Rush_album)
Procedure to estimate standard deviation from a sample
estimation of a standard deviation is the calculation from a statistical sample of an estimated value of the standard deviation (a measure of statistical
Unbiased estimation of standard deviation
Unbiased_estimation_of_standard_deviation
1978 studio album by Black Sabbath
original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2014. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. pp
Never_Say_Die!
Moment of a random variable minus its mean
random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable from the mean. The various moments
Central_moment
Measure of forecasting quality
the Mean absolute error divided by the Mean Absolute Deviation. Mean squared error Mean absolute error Mean absolute percentage error Root-mean-square
Mean_absolute_scaled_error
English musician (born 1967)
magazine Electronic Musician. Wilson wrote the foreword for 2010 book Mean Deviation. Wilson produced and contributed backing vocals, guitar and keyboards
Steven_Wilson
Graph of wealth or income distribution
relative mean absolute deviation: F ( μ ) − L ( F ( μ ) ) = mean absolute deviation 2 μ {\displaystyle F(\mu )-L(F(\mu ))={\frac {\text{mean absolute
Lorenz_curve
American death metal band
Schuldiner". npr.org. Retrieved November 2, 2023. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books.
Death_(metal_band)
1990 studio album by Megadeth
Musical Identity. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-97373-2. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books.
Rust_in_Peace
Heart condition
In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal
Left_axis_deviation
Method for estimating variance of several different populations
and standard deviation. In a sense, this suggests finding a mean variance or standard deviation among the five results above. This mean variance is calculated
Pooled_variance
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
distributions. Thus standard deviation about the mean is lower than standard deviation about any other point, and the maximum deviation about the midrange is
Average
1985 studio album by Possessed
ISBN 0-7607-4218-9. Wilson, Steven; Wagner, Jeff (December 1, 2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. p. 161.
Seven_Churches_(album)
American rock band
Implicit (2016) The Absence of Presence (2020) Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Kansas_(band)
1976 studio album by Judas Priest
Albums". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 December 2018. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books.
Sad_Wings_of_Destiny
1970 studio album by Black Sabbath
Confusion. Castle Communications. ISBN 1-86074-149-5. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. ISBN 978-0979616334
Black_Sabbath_(album)
Canadian heavy metal band
Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved November 9, 2019. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Voivod_(band)
1975 studio album by Rush
207–208. Popoff 2020, pp. 208–209. Wagner, Jeff; Wilson, Steven (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Brooklyn, New York: Bazillion
Caress_of_Steel
Christian Rock & Roll. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-421-2. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4
List of glam metal bands and artists
List_of_glam_metal_bands_and_artists
Swiss metal band
11 September 2026 – via the Internet Archive. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. New York: Bazillion Points
Celtic_Frost
American drummer (1971–2020)
Schuldiner". Empty Words. Retrieved September 19, 2026. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. p. 174.
Sean_Reinert
American death metal band
Atheist | Album | AllMusic, retrieved July 14, 2025 Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Atheist_(band)
Music genre melding heavy metal and progressive rock
Absolute Guide To Progressive Metal by Rocking.gr. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4
Progressive_metal
1976 studio album by Rush
July 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2020. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Jeff Wagner, Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, Bazillion Points, 2010, p
2112_(album)
Canadian singer (born 1963)
Heroes. Dundurn. pp. 140–. ISBN 978-1-4597-0710-8. Jeff Wagner (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. pp
James_LaBrie
Type of algorithm
calculating the optimal rotation matrix that minimizes the RMSD (root mean squared deviation) between two paired sets of points. It is useful for point-set registration
Kabsch_algorithm
1991 studio album by Death
album, according to Jeff Wagner in his 2010 text on progressive metal, Mean Deviation.[citation needed] It is Death's best-selling album, having sold 94,000
Human_(Death_album)
preserving spread Mean reciprocal rank Mean signed difference Mean square quantization error Mean square weighted deviation Mean squared error Mean squared prediction
List_of_statistics_articles
Annual American music festival
2007). "Onstage ProgPower VII". Metal Maniacs. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Brooklyn, NY: Bazillion Points
ProgPower_USA
American bassist (born 1967)
"Forgotten". Emptywords.org. Retrieved April 9, 2015. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal – Jeff Wagner. Bazillion Points
Steve_Di_Giorgio
Swiss thrash metal band
Sonic Perspectives. Retrieved 11 April 2026. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. pp. 129–133
Coroner_(band)
American musician (born 1971)
network and cable television. Music writer Jeff Wagner, in his book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, stated that "any viewer of
Paul_Masvidal
1983 studio album by Metallica
History. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-4482-8. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books.
Kill_'Em_All
Shorthand used in statistics
distributed random variable, μ (mu) is the mean of the distribution, and σ (sigma) is its standard deviation: Pr ( μ − 1 σ ≤ X ≤ μ + 1 σ ) ≈ 68.27 % Pr
68–95–99.7_rule
American progressive metal band
Magazine. October 1, 2009. Retrieved April 24, 2020. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4
Cynic_(band)
Norwegian heavy metal band
Louder. Retrieved 2026-02-16. Wagner, Jeff; Wilson, Steven (2010). Mean deviation: four decades of progressive heavy metal. Brooklyn, NY: Bazillon Points
Green_Carnation
Statistical technique
"Model Fitting for Multiple Variables by Minimising the Geometric Mean Deviation". In Van Huffel, Sabine; Lemmerling, P. (eds.). Total Least Squares
Total_least_squares
Brazilian power metal band
Blabbermouth.net. 2026-05-01. Retrieved 2026-05-25. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Angra_(band)
Tool used by eye care professionals
glaucoma progression. They include: Mean deviation (MD): Derived from the total deviation and represents the overall mean departure from the age-corrected
Humphrey visual field analyser
Humphrey_visual_field_analyser
Subgenre of black metal music
Metal Hammer. Future plc. Retrieved 5 June 2025. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Brooklyn: Bazillion Points
Symphonic_black_metal
Value that appears most often in a set of data
standard deviations of the mean, and the root mean square deviation about the mode is between the standard deviation and twice the standard deviation. An example
Mode_(statistics)
American progressive metal band
2015, at the Wayback Machine. GuitarGeek.Com Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4
Fates_Warning
1990 studio album by Believer
before one can change the world. According to Jeff Wagner in his book Mean Deviation, the song "Dies Irae (Day of Wrath)" was a creative watershed in metal
Sanity_Obscure
Branch of probability theory
In probability theory, the theory of large deviations concerns the asymptotic behaviour of remote tails of sequences of probability distributions. While
Large_deviations_theory
1993 studio album by Believer
the 20-minute "Trilogy of Knowledge." Jeff Wagner stated in the book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal that "as tech metal albums
Dimensions_(Believer_album)
Retrieved October 8, 2025. Wagner 2010, pp. 228–229. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points. ISBN 978-0-9796163-3-4
List of progressive metal artists
List_of_progressive_metal_artists
Algorithm for the line of best fit for a two-dimensional dataset
"Model Fitting for Multiple Variables by Minimising the Geometric Mean Deviation". In Van Huffel, Sabine; Lemmerling, P. (eds.). Total Least Squares
Deming_regression
Music genre combining jazz methods with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues
musicians Jazz fusion ensembles Progressive soul Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Jazz_fusion
American heavy metal band
Bppks. Bush, John. "Crimson Glory". AllMusic. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Crimson_Glory
1986 studio album by Queensrÿche
was one of the boldest metal albums of its time Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
Rage_for_Order
Measure of statistical dispersion
median of some common distributions are shown below The IQR, mean, and standard deviation of a population P can be used in a simple test of whether or
Interquartile_range
Probability distribution
}}}\,.} The variable z {\displaystyle z} has a mean of 0 and a variance and standard deviation of 1. The density φ ( z ) {\textstyle \varphi (z)}
Normal_distribution
Slovenian-Italian experimental rock band
Irae (1996) "Allmusic". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-08-12. Jeff Wagner – Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal -2010 – Page 155 "Inspired
Devil_Doll_(Slovenian_band)
Norwegian black metal band
Author and heavy metal commentator Jeff Wagner noted in his 2010 book Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal, that the band had “...loads
Emancer
21 October 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2025. Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal. Bazillion Points Books. p
List_of_crust_punk_bands
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