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Gender barrier in Jewish synagogues
A mechitza (Hebrew: מחיצה, partition or division, pl.: מחיצות, mechitzot) in Judaism is a partition, particularly one that is used to separate men and
Mechitza
Jewish holiday marking the conclusion of public Torah readings
(sometimes with the Torah scrolls) or look on from the other side of a mechitza (partition), in accordance with the value of tzniut (modesty). In Conservative
Simchat_Torah
Glencairn Avenue, in 1966. Around 2005, the mechitza in the building's sanctuary was raised; the wood-and-glass mechitza now rises 48 inches (120 cm) above the
Shaarei_Shomayim_(Toronto)
Women's section of a synagogue
services, there is no definitive evidence to support the existence of a mechitza (partition separating the genders) or the existence of an ezrat nashim
Ezrat_nashim
Grand Rebbe of Satmar Hasidim
over the proper height of a mechitza (the partition between the sexes in the synagogue). Feinstein held that the mechitza needed to go only up to the
Joel_Teitelbaum
Place of worship for Jews or Samaritans
men and women do not sit together. The synagogue features a partition (mechitza) dividing the men's and women's seating areas, or a separate women's section
Synagogue
US tennis player and ophthalmologist (born 1934)
2017. Retrieved March 19, 2011. Dzmura, Noach (2010). Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community. North Atlantic Books. p. 15. ISBN 9781556438134
Renée_Richards
Holy site of Judaism in Jerusalem
The placing of a Mechitza similar to the one in the picture was the catalyst for confrontation between the Arabs, Jews and Mandate authorities in 1928
Western_Wall
Places containing Jewish Sabbath boundaries
A mechitza (halachik wall) together with an eruv chatzerot (Hebrew: עירוב חצרות), commonly known in English as a community eruv, is a symbolic boundary
List_of_places_with_eruvin
Jewish conception of God
"Transing God/dess: Notes from the Borderlands," in Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, ed. Noach Dzmura (Berkeley, CA: North
God_in_Judaism
American and Israeli politician (1932–1990)
kitchen, traditional prayers, and separate seating for men and women with a mechitza (partition) between them. Another condition was that the synagogue resign
Meir_Kahane
wall or curtain called a mechitza. Men are not permitted to pray in the presence of women, to prevent distraction. The mechitza shown in the picture on
Gender_and_religion
Stanford University, Religious Studies
Making of Jewish Gender", which was included in the book Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, edited by Noach Dzmura, and in the book
Charlotte_Fonrobert
Reform Jewish congregation in New York City
sit together, instead of segregating the sexes on opposite sides of a mechitza. After much heated debate, the congregation also resolved to observe Rosh
Congregation Emanu-El of New York
Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York
Former synagogue in Cairo, Egypt
Interior of the Ben Ezra Synagogue from the upper gallery (mechitza)
Ben_Ezra_Synagogue
Jewish coming of age rituals
Grace Elizabeth C. (May 25, 2022). "Growing Up on the Wrong Side of the Mechitza: A Case Study of Contemporary Queer Jewish Language". Journal of Jewish
Bar_and_bat_mitzvah
Israeli Hasidic musical artist
never performs to mixed audiences of men and women, unless there is a mechitza (separation). He has also visited a hospital in Israel to sing to an accident
Motty_Steinmetz
prayer services in Orthodox synagogues, seating is always separate. A mechitza is used to divide the men and women, and often to block the view from one
Gender_separation_in_Judaism
Tracing of Jewish descent through maternal lineage
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Matrilineality_in_Judaism
African American new religious movement
newborn boys, and celebrate Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, and their synagogue has a mechitza to separate men and women during worship. Besides the Harlem group, there
Black_Hebrew_Israelites
Arab–Jewish clashes in Mandatory Palestine
Mount. In September 1928, Jews praying at the Wall on Yom Kippur placed a mechitza that looked like a simple room divider of cloth covering a few wooden frames
1929_Palestine_riots
Type of flagellation and punishment mentioned in the Torah
uncleanness Handwashing Mikveh Niddah Ritual washing Modesty Negiah Yichud Mechitza Sexuality Forbidden relationships Gender separation Homosexuality Agrarian
Malkot_(Judaism)
1971 film by Norman Jewison
further controversy when he asks Hodel to dance with him, crossing the Mechitza. Initially, the crowd is shocked but they soon warm to the idea and the
Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)
Modesty and discretion, as well as a group of Jewish laws pertaining to conduct
prayer services, and Orthodox synagogues generally include a divider, a mechitza, to create separate men's and women's sections. The idea comes from the
Tzniut
Belarusian-born American Orthodox rabbi (1895–1986)
controversial decisions, such as rulings on artificial insemination and mechitza. Feinstein did not prohibit cigarette smoking, though he recommended against
Moshe_Feinstein
Halakhic adoption of the Jewish religion and identity by non-Jews
semicha from Orthodox yeshivas, but were serving in synagogues without a mechitza; these synagogues were called traditional Judaism. Over a five-year period
Conversion_to_Judaism
Obligatory festive meal
wedding meals, men and women dance separately – sometimes separated by a mechitza ("divider") – for reasons of tzniut (modesty). At the end of the seudat
Seudat_mitzvah
Category of American Jewry
requiring member synagogues which previously had mixed seating to build a mechitza with separate seating for men and women or de-affiliate, thus creating
Conservadox
Forbids or restricts physical contact with a member of the opposite sex
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Negiah
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Women_in_the_Bible
Jewish congregation in Washington D.C
a space in between the sections, rather than using a more traditional mechitza, or physical wall), but calling up women as well as men to lead worship
DC_Minyan
deaths. Reportedly, a pair of terrorists entered on the men's side of the mechitza and opened fire on the crowd with machine guns. They then doused the bodies
List of attacks on Jewish institutions
List_of_attacks_on_Jewish_institutions
Celebration of the completion of the Daf Yomi
deck of the stadium behind a 12-foot (3.7 m) high, 2.5-mile (4.0 km) long mechitza (curtain divider) that was drawn during prayers. Satellite broadcasts and
Siyum_HaShas
Jewish concept of domestic harmony
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Shalom_bayit
Hasidic Jewish dance custom
brought to the men's section and there is no mechitza separating them. In some instances, the mechitza will be moved aside entirely with all the women
Mitzvah_tantz
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Women_in_Judaism
uncleanness Handwashing Mikveh Niddah Ritual washing Modesty Negiah Yichud Mechitza Sexuality Forbidden relationships Gender separation Homosexuality Agrarian
Aliya_la'regel
American-Israeli Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rabbi emeritus
1955, when the congregation moved into a church building. Feldman had a mechitza installed for the first night of Selichos. When they saw the tall divider
Emanuel_Feldman
Observance of recitation in religious Judaism
liberal forms, men and women are required to sit in separate sections with a mechitza (partition) separating them. Historically, a learned woman in the weibershul
Jewish_prayer
Synagogue in İzmir, Turkey
torah ark. Seats are arranged linearly, similar to church interiors. The mechitza starts in the entrance hall open to the main interior. This space adjoins
Signora_Giveret_Synagogue
Bulgarian-Argentinian rabbi (1883–1947)
Jewish cemetery. In support of Reform Judaism, he advocated to remove the mechitza from Kahal Aragon. He also established its first Jewish kindergarten. In
Sabetay_Djaen
Movement in Orthodox Judaism
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Orthodox_Jewish_feminism
American writer (1945–2023)
(August 19, 2014). "Abandonment to the Body's Desire". Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-971-9
Rachel_Pollack
German-American Reform rabbi (1809–1891)
recognition of gender equality within Judaism. Through his influence, the mechitza, which had segregated the women from the men in the ancient synagogue of
Samuel_Adler_(rabbi)
Synagogue in Golders Green, London
seating area separated from the men by a curtain, known in Hebrew as a mechitza. Shabbat services tend to finish at around 12 noon to 1 pm, depending on
Ohel_David_Eastern_Synagogue
Sephardic Orthodox synagogue in Highland Park, New Jersey
88 in the men's section, and 60 in the women's section, with a wooden mechitza topped with glass. On High Holy Days, the seating is expanded to accommodate
Congregation Etz Ahaim Sephardic
Congregation_Etz_Ahaim_Sephardic
Religious Jewish prayer group
women's sections, such as separate shtenders (reader's lecterns) and a mechitza going down the middle of the room. Men can also be limited in which service
Partnership_minyan
Reform synagogue in Berlin, Germany
and liberal synagogues elsewhere, the Pestalozzistrasse Synagogue has a mechitza, women are not counted for a minyan, and women cannot recite Kiddush, read
Pestalozzistrasse_Synagogue
Orthodox Jewish organization in the US
Men and women are seated separately and nearly always are separated by a mechitza, a physical divider between the men's and women's sections of the synagogue
Orthodox_Union
Synagogue in Eugene, Oregon
complete with a mechitza, a partition separating men and women. The "more feminist-minded" members strongly objected to having a mechitza anywhere in the
Temple Beth Israel (Eugene, Oregon)
Temple_Beth_Israel_(Eugene,_Oregon)
American Jewish writer (1910-2001)
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Deborah_Pessin
American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher
sexes (mi–d'orayta, a Pentateuchal prohibition), and without the use of a mechitza, a divider between the men's and women's sections (mi-derabbenan, a rabbinical
Joseph_B._Soloveitchik
Sephardic synagogue in Venice, Italy
Commandments, with the Hebrew date 5542, corresponding to the year 1782. A mechitza is visible and separates the higher women's gallery from the men's. On
Levantine_Synagogue
uncleanness Handwashing Mikveh Niddah Ritual washing Modesty Negiah Yichud Mechitza Sexuality Forbidden relationships Gender separation Homosexuality Agrarian
Punishments_in_Judaism
Jewish naming ceremony for newborn girls
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Zeved_habat
Daughter of a kohen
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Bat-Kohen
Gender segregation in Islamic law
women Women's mosques Negiah Case studies: Golden Needle Sewing School Mechitza, barrier that separates men and women in Jewish synagogues "What Is The
Islam_and_gender_segregation
1986 terrorist attack in Turkey
Shabbat parasha, a pair of terrorists entered on the men's side of the mechitza and opened fire on the crowd with machine guns. They then doused the bodies
Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
Neve_Shalom_Synagogue_massacre
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Women_in_Israel
Synagogue in Georgia, USA
was highly unusual, as it was founded as an Orthodox shul, but without a mechitza. Because of the challenge of being an independent synagogue, it gradually
Congregation_B'nai_Torah
UK: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-70423-7. Dzmura, Noach (2014). Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-971-9
Transgender people and religion
Transgender_people_and_religion
30th weekly Torah portion
volume 60 (number 2) (2010): pages 172–76. Noach Dzmura. Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic
Kedoshim
Portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading
2009. (resolution adopted by the URJ). Noach Dzmura. Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic
Acharei_Mot
American labor activist (1887–1986)
and write in Hebrew and Yiddish. She also challenged the custom of the mechitza, dividing the congregation along gender lines. Following the death of her
Pauline Newman (labor activist)
Pauline_Newman_(labor_activist)
Public square in the Old City of Jerusalem
adjacent to the Western Wall, and further divided into two sections by a mechitza for opposite genders, serves as an open-air synagogue. It has since become
Western_Wall_Plaza
Orthodox Jewish synagogue in New York
throughout the synagogue. In the main sanctuary, the 6-foot (1.8 m) high mechitza separating the men's and women's sections contains one-way glass so that
Congregation_Aish_Kodesh
and study Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women Religious roles Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars
Jewish_feminism
Orthodox synagogue
room. In addition, a women's balcony in the rear overlooks the room. Mechitzas about 5 feet (1.5 m) high separate the male and female sections of the
Congregation Sherith Israel (Nashville, Tennessee)
Congregation_Sherith_Israel_(Nashville,_Tennessee)
“Transing God/dess: Notes from the Borderlands,” in Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, ed. Noach Dzmura (Berkeley, CA: North
Gender_of_God_in_Judaism
Modern Orthodox Jewish congregation
replacing the Torah in the Ark, and reading the Torah on Saturday mornings. A mechitza separating men and women runs down the middle of the room. Parts of the
Shira_Hadasha
Former Conservative synagogue in Ottumwa, Iowa, US
traditional Judaism, women were seated separately from men, separated by a mechitza which frequently took the form of a balcony. The separation of men and
B'nai Jacob Synagogue (Ottumwa, Iowa)
B'nai_Jacob_Synagogue_(Ottumwa,_Iowa)
Synagogue in Denver, Colorado
2015, it was the only OU affiliated synagogue in the country without a mechitza, thus allowing men and women to sit together. It was the only surviving
Beth HaMedrosh Hagodol-Beth Joseph
Beth_HaMedrosh_Hagodol-Beth_Joseph
Concepts of gender in the Jewish religion and culture
Challenge of Transgender to Compulsory Heterosexuality.” In Balancing on the Mechitza – Transgender in Jewish Community, edited by Noach Dzmura, 187–210. Berkeley
Gender_and_Jewish_studies
Jewish feminist organization
high-status place in the secular world and their confinement behind the mechitza in the synagogue, the achievement of higher education and high-status jobs
Women_of_the_Wall
Synagogue and museum in Darmstadt
marriages. Under the leadership of Rabbi Gesa Ederberg, the synagogue's mechitza was removed. The building was designed by Alfred Jacoby in the Postmodernist
New_Synagogue_(Darmstadt)
American rabbi, editor and author (1819–1900)
Allow men and women to sit together in family pews, doing away with the mechitza. (Another source says this first happened in 1851 at Anshe Emeth.) Eliminate
Isaac_Mayer_Wise
Orthodox Jewish synagogue
synagogue, it had more than 1,500 members at its height. Skokie's first mechitza minyan formed by Rabbi Dr. Eliezer Berkovits in the basement of Skokie
Skokie Valley Agudath Jacob Synagogue
Skokie_Valley_Agudath_Jacob_Synagogue
Israeli chemist and rabbi
Aryeh A. Frimer, JOFA Journal, 5:2, pp. 3-5 (From the Other Side of the Mechitza: Summer 2004/Tammuz 5764). PDF version “On Understanding and Compassion
Aryeh_Frimer
Non-profit, independent publisher based in Berkeley, California
Storytelling Collection category. 2011: Noach Dzmura, editor of Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, received the Lambda Literary Award for
North_Atlantic_Books
Award for transgender literature
Jumpstart the World Nonfiction Noach Dzmura (editor) Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community Winner Rebecca Swan Assume Nothing Finalist
Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature
Lambda_Literary_Award_for_Transgender_Literature
2012 Lambda Literary Award Winner ISBN 9781933149325 Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community 2010 Noach Dzmura (editor) 2011 Lambda
List of transgender publications
List_of_transgender_publications
2011 literary awards ceremony
Inseparable: Desire Between Women in Literature Noach Dzmura, Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community Jallen Rix, Ex-Gay No Way: Survival and
23rd_Lambda_Literary_Awards
Purposeful act in Jewish law
uncleanness Handwashing Mikveh Niddah Ritual washing Modesty Negiah Yichud Mechitza Sexuality Forbidden relationships Gender separation Homosexuality Agrarian
Bemeizid
American rabbi and scholar (1898–1983)
all services at the Seminary's Stein Hall, where he prayed daily, have a mechitza even though most Conservative synagogues did not. Additionally, Lieberman
Saul_Lieberman
Jewish community in Ghana
It is a single-room synagogue with a miniature Sefer Torah. There is no mechitza. Beta Israel History of ancient Israel and Judah Jews of Bilad el-Sudan
House_of_Israel_(Ghana)
Synagogue in Fez, Morocco
decoration View of the bimah (center left) and the raised alcove room The mechitza balcony, a space for women to worship The underground cellar which leads
Ibn_Danan_Synagogue
Services at Beth Sholom are held in both English and Hebrew. There is no mechitza, but women do not actively participate in services, which some Reform members
History of the Jews in Frederick, Maryland
History_of_the_Jews_in_Frederick,_Maryland
institution, upon being ordained by Yeshivat Chovevei Torah. Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, with editor Noach Dzmura (North Atlantic
Timeline of LGBTQ Jewish history
Timeline_of_LGBTQ_Jewish_history
Modern Orthodox yeshiva, founded in 1999 by Rabbi Avi Weiss
separation of men and women]. The phenomenon of women receiving aliyot in a mechitza minyan is currently being debated on both a halachic and communal level
Yeshivat_Chovevei_Torah
Israeli poet, professor, and editor
December 1988. Books in English Making Love: Poems. Tel Aviv: Achshav, 1980 Mechitza. New York: Cross-Cultural Communications, 1986 Ignorant Armies. Tel Aviv:
Karen_Alkalay-Gut
Jewish congregation in the US
reading from and being called up to the Torah on Saturday mornings. A mechitza separating men and women runs down the middle of the room. Its practices
Rosh_Pina_(Washington,_D.C.)
American literary award
Despentes King Kong Theory Winner Noach Dzmura (Ed.) Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community Finalist Jallen Rix, Ed.D. Ex-Gay No Way:
Lambda Literary Award for Nonfiction
Lambda_Literary_Award_for_Nonfiction
Historical female religious role in Ashkenazi Jewish synagogues
precentors also occurred in 17th century Ottoman Constantinople and Salonika. Mechitza Tkhines Zinberg, Israel (1975). A History of Jewish Literature: Old Yiddish
Firzogerin
Synagogue in Kerala, India
Menorah Bimah Synagogue interior viewed from the balcony Women's balcony (mechitza) Synagogue ceiling with floral patterns Judaism portal India portal History
Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue
Kadavumbhagam_Ernakulam_Synagogue
Jewish law as understood by Conservative Judaism
Shabbat. Early in its history, Conservative Judaism determined that a mechitza separating men and women was not required in services and that women could
Conservative_halakha
19th century interdenomenational Jewish controversy
Yiddish), and confirmation for children. Contrary to prevalent custom, no mechitza hid from view the women sitting separately at the upper story. A choir
Hamburg_Temple_disputes
Activist in the Soviet Jewry movement in Canada
the Shaarey Tzedec Congregation, a Traditional synagogue which lacked a mechitza, in Tsfat she underwent a religious transformation and lived “a completely
Rena_Cohen
travel, tourism, insurance
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