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Suborder of spiders
The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders (order Araneae). The division of extant members of the suborder into families has varied. A single extant family
Mesothelae
Order of arachnids
spiders do not have antennae. In all except the most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods,
Spider
Suborder of spiders
order Araneae, containing Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, but excluding Mesothelae. The Opisthothelae are sometimes presented as an unranked clade and sometimes
Opisthothelae
Science of naming, defining and classifying spiders
one suborder, Mesothelae, and two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, grouped into the suborder Opisthothelae. The Mesothelae, with about 196
Spider_taxonomy
Part of a pedipalp of a male spider
ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5 Haupt, J. (2004), The Mesothelae – a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), Zoologica, Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart
Palpal_bulb
Family of spiders
spiders in the family Liphistiidae, the only extant family in the suborder Mesothelae. It has been treated as the separate family Heptathelidae. As of November 2025[update]
Heptathelinae
Subphylum of arthropods
but there are wide variations and this fusion is very limited in the Mesothelae, which are regarded the sister group to all other spiders. Most chelicerates
Chelicerata
Index of animals with the same common name
distribution There is also one family of trapdoor spiders in the suborder Mesothelae: Liphistiidae, a family of spiders with armoured abdomens from Southeast
Trapdoor_spider
Species of trapdoor spider
after Arika Kimura, who collected it in 1920. It belongs to the sub-order Mesothelae (primitive burrowing spiders) and can reach up to 3 cm in length. Its
Kimura_spider
Genus of trapdoor spider
in the family Liphistiidae, which is the only family in the suborder Mesothelae. Species of Liphistius are found in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.
Liphistius
Family of spiders (Sparassidae)
Photos". livescience.com. 19 June 2019. Foelix, Rainer; Erb, Bruno (2010). "Mesothelae have venom glands". Journal of Arachnology. 38 (3): 596–598. doi:10.1636/B10-30
Huntsman_spider
Physiology of Spiders (order Araneae)
located in the middle on the ventral side of the abdomen. The suborder Mesothelae is unique in having only two types of silk glands – thought to be the
Spider_anatomy
Order of arachnids
(short-tailed whip-scorpions) Serikodiastida †Uraraneida Araneida †Chimerarachne Araneae (living spiders) Mesothelae Opisthothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae
Uraraneida
Extinct genus of spider-like arachnids
into fangs and look similar to those of spiders belonging to the clades Mesothelae or Mygalomorphae. Like spiders, the fang lacks any hairs, but it is currently
Chimerarachne
Infraorder of arachnids (spiders)
commonly called trapdoor spiders. Like the "primitive" suborder of spiders Mesothelae, they have two pairs of book lungs, and downward-pointing chelicerae.
Mygalomorphae
Fear of spiders and other arachnids
Cannibalism Evolution Classification Glossary Taxonomy Araneomorphae Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Opisthothelae List of families of spiders Lists of spider
Arachnophobia
Eyes of spiders
with holes only for the nerves; it is found mainly in the haplogyne, Mesothelae, and Mygalomorph (the more 'primitive') spiders. The canoe-type tapetum
Spider_vision
Posterior body part of some arthropods
posterior segments being called the presegmental zone. The exception are the Mesothelae, a small group of spiders retaining ancestral characteristics. They split
Opisthosoma
Extinct genus of spiders
1007/s12542-013-0198-9. ISSN 1867-6812. Selden, P. A. (2021). "New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England, and a review of Paleozoic
Arthrolycosa
Layer of eye tissue which aids in night vision
general patterns can be distinguished in spiders: Primitive type (e.g. Mesothelae, Orthognatha) – a simple sheet behind the retina Canoe-shape type (e.g
Tapetum_lucidum
2005 British television documentary series
during the production of the series reclassified as a eurypterid. The Mesothelae spider in Walking with Monsters closely follows what Megarachne was thought
Walking_with_Monsters
Species of spider
Liphistius sumatranus shares features with all members of the suborder Mesothelae: plates (tergites) marking segments on the upper surface of the abdomen
Liphistius_sumatranus
Cave system in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
of Batu Caves Trapdoor Spider (Liphistius batuensis Abraham (Araneae, Mesothelae)): A preliminary survey. 61: 121–132". Malayan Nature Journal. 62 (1):
Batu_Caves
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Wolf_spider
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Pholcidae
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Heptathela Species:
Heptathela_higoensis
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Jumping_spider
Origin from a chelicerate ancestor and diversification of spiders through geologic time
the Coal Measures of Europe and North America probably belonged to the Mesothelae, or something very similar, a group of spiders with the spinnerets placed
Evolution_of_spiders
Species of trap-door spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. malayanus Binomial
Liphistius_malayanus
Extinct genus of spiders
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Genus: †Palaeothele Species: †P. montceauensis Binomial name †Palaeothele
Palaeothele
Species of trapdoor spider found in Selangor, Malaysia
of Batu Caves Trapdoor Spider (Liphistius batuensis Abraham (Araneae, Mesothelae)): A preliminary survey. 61: 121-132". Malayan Nature Journal. 62 (1):
Liphistius_batuensis
Anatomical structure
cribellum is a functional homolog of the anterior median spinnerets of Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae, which do not have a cribellum. The presence or absence
Cribellum
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Orb-weaver_spider
Extinct family of spiders
Petrunkevitch to be "mesotheles", i.e. placed in the spider suborder Mesothelae. Petrunkevitch used the family for Carboniferous fossils he regarded as
Arthromygalidae
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Tarantula
Extinct family of animals, possibly spiders
Petrunkevitch to be "mesotheles", i.e. placed in the spider suborder Mesothelae. However, Paul A. Selden has stated they only have "the general appearance
Arthrolycosidae
Genus of trapdoor spiders
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Heptathela Kishida
Heptathela
Extinct genus of spider-like arachnids
A. (2005). "First record of spiders from the Permian period (Araneae: Mesothelae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 13 (4): 111–116
Permarachne
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ryuthela Species:
Ryuthela_nishihirai
Extinct genus of eurypterid
as an unspecified species belonging to the primitive spider suborder Mesothelae, a suborder that actually exists but with genera much smaller than, and
Megarachne
Species of trapdoor spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. murphyorum Binomial
Liphistius_murphyorum
Spider subfamily
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Nephilinae
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ganthela Species:
Ganthela_jianensis
Species of trapdoor spider
Lionel (2019-12-31). "A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in Peninsular Malaysia: part 2". Revue suisse de Zoologie
Liphistius_desultor
Suborder of spiders
J K Pg N Chimerarachne (Chimerarachnida) Ryuthela tanikawai (Araneae, Mesothelae) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum:
Araneida
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ryuthela Species:
Ryuthela_sasakii
Extinct genus of spiders
of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae". Beiträge zur Araneologie
Burmesarchaea
Trapdoor spider
description of the actual male of L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)". ZooKeys (1031): 41–58. Bibcode:2021ZooK.1031...41X. doi:10
Liphistius_birmanicus
Family of spiders
of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae". In Jörg Wunderlich
Dipluridae
members of this species, and representing the largest Cretaceous member of Mesothelae reported to date. Chitimia-Dobler et al. (2026) redescribe Haemaphysalis
2026 in arthropod paleontology
2026_in_arthropod_paleontology
Species of trapdoor spider
2025-10-02. Schwendinger, Peter J. (1995). "New Liphistius species (Araneae, Mesothelae) from southern Thailand and northern Malaysia". Zoologica Scripta. 24
Liphistius_albipes
Genus of spiders
, with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)", Zootaxa, 5091 (1): 131–154, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5091
Luthela
Geologic formation in Russia
A. (2005). "First record of spiders from the Permian period (Araneae: Mesothelae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 13 (4): 111–116
Koshelevka_Formation
Species of trapdoor spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. bicoloripes Binomial
Liphistius_bicoloripes
Species of trapdoor spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. yangae Binomial name
Liphistius_yangae
Species of spider
Roewer, C. F. (1942). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. 1. Band (Mesothelae, Orthognatha, Labidognatha: Dysderaeformia, Scytodiformia, Pholciformia
Theridion_argentatulum
Species of trapdoor spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. yamasakii Binomial
Liphistius_yamasakii
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Thomisidae
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List of Ochyroceratidae species
List_of_Ochyroceratidae_species
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Archaeidae
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Sicariidae
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Nursery_web_spider
Genus of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Argyronetidae
Genus of spiders
(2021). Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1009: 123-138. Xu, X
Qiongthela
11.004. ISSN 0044-5231. Selden, P. A. (2021). "New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England, and a review of Paleozoic
Paleofauna of the Mazon Creek fossil beds
Paleofauna_of_the_Mazon_Creek_fossil_beds
Carboniferous lagerstätte in France
to spiders, but lacked spinnerets Palaeothele P. montceauensis Araneae Mesothelae First mesothele spider known, previously named "Eothele" Allobuthus A
Montceau-les-Mines lagerstätte
Montceau-les-Mines_lagerstätte
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Lynx_spider
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Ryuthela Species: R. tanikawai Binomial name
Ryuthela_tanikawai
Species of trapdoor spider
(2024-01-16). "Seven new species of the segmented spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) in Thailand and Myanmar". ZooKeys (1189): 203–229. Bibcode:2024ZooK
Liphistius_choosaki
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ganthela Species:
Ganthela_qingyuanensis
Genus of spiders
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Songthela Ono, 2000
Songthela
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ganthela Species:
Ganthela_cipingensis
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ganthela Species:
Ganthela_venus
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Wandering_spider
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Plectreuridae_species
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Psilodercidae_species
Superfamily of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Titanoecoidea
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Deinopidae
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Oxyopidae_species
Infraorder of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Haplogynae
Species of spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ganthela Species:
Ganthela_wangjiangensis
Geologic formation in the Czech Republic
Bellinuridae Likely clades with other genera like Alanops. Eolycosa E. lorenzii Mesothelae incertae sedis Spider affinities doubted in a 1996 paper Geralycosa G
Kladno_Formation
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Philodromidae
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Tube-dwelling_spider
Spiders of family Atypidæ
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Atypical_tarantula
Shuqiao; Lin, Yucheng (2023-05-02). "Systematic notes on three new Luthela (Mesothelae, Heptathelidae) spiders from China, with their descriptions". ZooKeys
List of organisms named after works of fiction
List_of_organisms_named_after_works_of_fiction
Family of spiders
Roewer, C. F. (1942). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. 1. Band (Mesothelae, Orthognatha, Labidognatha: Dysderaeformia, Scytodiformia, Pholciformia
Microstigmatidae
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Synotaxidae
Genus of spiders
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Subfamily: Heptathelinae Genus: Ryuthela Haupt, 1983
Ryuthela
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Theridiidae
Fossil resin from the Hukawng Valley, Myanmar
of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae" (PDF). In Jörg Wunderlich
Paleobiota_of_Burmese_amber
Species of spider
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Elaver_achuca
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Spitting_spider
Family of spiders
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
Agelenidae
Species of trapdoor spider
Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Mesothelae Family: Liphistiidae Genus: Liphistius Species: L. bristowei Binomial
Liphistius_bristowei
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Mysmenidae_species
Species of trapdoor spider
Lionel (2019-12-31). "A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in Peninsular Malaysia: part 2". Revue suisse de Zoologie
Liphistius_buran
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Anapidae_species
Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Suborder Mesothelae Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Liphistius Heptathelinae Suborder Opisthothelae
List_of_Euctenizidae_species
Genus of spiders
of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae". Beiträge zur Araneologie
Priscaleclercera
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