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Group of separated yet interacting ecological populations
A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. The term metapopulation was
Metapopulation
Termination of a taxon in a region which it previously inhabited
al., 2014). Metapopulation dynamics dictate how species survive across fragmented habitats and how local extinction occurs. A metapopulation refers to a
Local_extinction
Field of ecology
explain metapopulation structure. Metapopulation ecology allows for ecologists to take in a wide range of factors when examining a metapopulation like genetics
Population_ecology
Point at which a population cannot survive
conservation biology to explain the point at which a species, population or metapopulation, experiences an abrupt change in density or number because of an important
Extinction_threshold
Future extinction of species due to events in the past
could occur using a mathematical ecosystem model of species metapopulations. Metapopulations are multiple populations of a species that live in separate
Extinction_debt
Finnish ecologist (1953–2016)
was a Finnish ecologist at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The Metapopulation Research Center led by Hanski, until his death, has been nominated as
Ilkka_Hanski
American Marxist biologist (1930–2016)
his work on evolution and complexity in changing environments and on metapopulations. In addition to his scientific work, Levins wrote extensively on philosophical
Richard_Levins
Small marsupial from southwestern Australia
Wayne, Adrian (20 June 2023). "Severe, large-scale bushfire threatens metapopulation function of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) in south-western Australia"
Quokka
Species of mammal
considering current threats, the animals' abundance would drop by 47–66% and metapopulation occupancy by 22–32% over fifty years, causing "extinction of local populations
Platypus
Coastal marine copepod from north western Europe
on this species, including: its ecology, physiology, phylogeography, metapopulation genetics, development and reproductive behaviour. T. brevicornis has
Tigriopus_brevicornis
Endangered butterfly subspecies endemic to the US state of North Carolina
It is a subspecies of N. mitchellii and is restricted to a single metapopulation on Fort Bragg military base in Hoke and Cumberland counties. The other
Saint_Francis's_satyr
Study of organisms and their environment
The concept of metapopulations was defined in 1969 as "a population of populations which go extinct locally and recolonize". Metapopulation ecology is another
Ecology
Species of mammal
the impact of transfers will be greater, so the establishment of a "metapopulation management plan" occurs concurrently with conservation initiatives to
Bongo_(antelope)
South African researcher (1983–2025)
Science (PhD) at the University of Cape Town . He founded the Cheetah Metapopulation Initiative (TMI) which managed the growth of the cheetah population
Vincent_van_der_Merwe
Wild cat species native to the Americas
Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808.
Cougar
Species of fish
2023 that despite the loss of two metapopulations of A. spelaea, listing was not warranted, as the four metapopulations that still exist had sufficient
Northern_cavefish
Group of individuals of a species, separated from other groups by in some manner
populations of the same species can be called a metapopulation. And all the populations or metapopulations of a species can be called a species population
Population_(biology)
Ecological phenomenon
first described by Brown and Kodric-Brown, and is commonly used in metapopulation dynamics and many other disciplines in ecology. This populational process
Rescue_effect
Species of giraffe
or absence of long-distance migratory herds of wildebeest and zebra. Metapopulation analysis indicated protected areas were important for keeping giraffes
Masai_giraffe
Type of environment in which an organism lives
Disturbance Promote Invasion by Habitat Generalists in a Multispecies Metapopulation". Risk Analysis. 24 (4): 869–878. Bibcode:2004RiskA..24..869M. doi:10
Habitat
Subdiscipline of ecology
more likely than endotherms to display greater IBD. Metapopulation theory dictates that a metapopulation consists of spatially distinct populations that interact
Molecular_ecology
Organism type
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Autotroph
Community of living organisms together with the nonliving components of their environment
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Ecosystem
Behavior characterized by activity during the night and sleeping during the day
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Nocturnal_animal
Beneficial symbiosis between species
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Commensalism
Species of flowering plant in the plantain family
Resistance variation within and among host populations in a plant- pathogen metapopulation: implications for regional pathogen dynamics. Journal of Ecology 92
Plantago_lanceolata
Botanical term referring to plants that flower from their main stems
Artocarpus and Durio, and evolutionary theory built on the plant as a metapopulation and differential rates of mutations across large plant bodies. An extreme
Cauliflory
patches) and some species being ubiquitous. Hanski proposed a null metapopulation model that produces such a bimodal distribution. It assumes that all
Core-satellite species hypothesis
Core-satellite_species_hypothesis
Species of legume
province of Murcia in southern Spain, where it forms the only known metapopulation worldwide. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation
Astragalus_nitidiflorus
Movement of individuals from their birth site to a breeding site
(see metapopulations). Dispersing individuals move between different sub-populations, which increases the overall connectivity of the metapopulation and
Biological_dispersal
Tall African hoofed mammal
(2020). "Proximity to humans affects local social structure in a giraffe metapopulation". Journal of Animal Ecology. 90 (1): 212–221. doi:10.1111/1365-2656
Giraffe
Smallest size a biological population can exist without facing extinction
" Effective population size Inbreeding depression Human population Metapopulation Rescue effect Holsinger, Kent (2007-09-04). "Types of Stochastic Threats"
Minimum_viable_population
If this continues for long enough, profitability will decrease. A metapopulation is a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which
Population dynamics of fisheries
Population_dynamics_of_fisheries
population groups are more similar within the metapopulation than to groups outside the metapopulation. The concept of pooling data to build "national
Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database
Y_Chromosome_Haplotype_Reference_Database
Species of mammal in Asia
patches is surrounded by villages, livestock pastures and roads. The metapopulation in protected areas and wildlife corridors in the Kangchenjunga landscape
Red_panda
Debate in ecology and conservation biology
some regional populations in a large metapopulation get wiped out, recolonization from the rest of the metapopulation can ensure their eventual survival
SLOSS_debate
Hunting strategy by some predators
density. This keeps migratory populations in synchrony, which increases metapopulation persistence. Pursuit predation's effect on population persistence is
Pursuit_predation
Variety of families of Mollusca
RP, Lipcius RN (2009). "Unprecedented Restoration of a Native Oyster Metapopulation". Science. 325 (5944): 1124–1128. Bibcode:2009Sci...325.1124S. doi:10
Oyster
Quality of existing only briefly
have repeatedly been assessed as detrimental to metapopulation persistence, although metapopulations are not always negatively affected by ephemeral landscapes
Ephemerality
Growth is limited by the scarcest resource
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Liebig's_law_of_the_minimum
Process of progressive accumulation in food chain
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Biomagnification
Organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Mixotroph
Animal that can eat and survive on both plants and animals
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Omnivore
Species of butterfly
dynamics of the marsh fritillary has shown that they live in metapopulations. A metapopulation is defined as a collection of local populations that are connected
Marsh_fritillary
Species of amphibian
continental scale, conservation efforts should focus on the creation of metapopulations as a counteractive mechanism, allowing for more interactions to take
Yellow-bellied_toad
Species of bird
scaling of inbreeding depression in space and time in a house sparrow metapopulation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117 (25): 14584–92. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11714584N
House_sparrow
Species of bovid artiodactyl mammal
This initiative focuses on maintaining the genetic diversity of the metapopulation rather than individual herds. Small populations of bison are at considerably
American_bison
87–96. Wiens, J. A. 1997. Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology. – In: Hanski, I. and Gilpin, M. E. (eds), Metapopulation biology. Academic Press
Landscape_connectivity
Mutually adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite
system has spatially divergent coevolutionary dynamics across two metapopulations as predicted by the mosaic theory. The Red Queen hypothesis states
Host–parasite_coevolution
Mutually beneficial interaction between species
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Mutualism_(biology)
Factors affecting crops
"Quantifying separation and similarity in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metapopulation". The ISME Journal. 9 (2): 361–70. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.132. PMC 4303630
Terroir
Species of reptile
diamondback terrapins: conservation insight from local extirpation within a metapopulation". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 79 (12): 2199–2209. Bibcode:2001CaJZ
Diamondback_terrapin
Biological interaction
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Predation
Relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems
generalized from physical islands to abstract patches of habitat by Levins' metapopulation model (which can be applied e.g. to forest islands in the agricultural
Landscape_ecology
Type of heterotrophic nutrition based on decayed organic matter
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Saprotroph
Severity of disease pathogens on its host
Jeremy J. (2003). "Evolution of Virulence in a Plant Host-Pathogen Metapopulation". Science. 299 (5613): 1735–7. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1735T. doi:10.1126/science
Virulence
Ecological relationship between species' range sizes and abundance
populations metapopulations? Journal of Ecology 91: 321 Gonzalez, A., J.H. Lawton, F.S. Gilbert, T.M. Blackburn, and I. Evans-Freke. 1998. Metapopulation dynamics
Occupancy–abundance relationship
Occupancy–abundance_relationship
Concealment in plain sight by any means, e.g. colour, pattern and shape
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Camouflage
Dead particulate organic material
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Detritus
Type of curve on a plane
original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2019. Hanski, I. (1999) Metapopulation Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 43–46. Mathworld: Isocline
Isocline
Statistical method for molecular phylogenetics
population fecundity drive variation in demographic connectivity and metapopulation dynamics". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 284 (1847) 20162086. doi:10
Bayesian inference in phylogeny
Bayesian_inference_in_phylogeny
Species of large lamniform shark
stable in its evolution. As a species, it does not behave as a unified metapopulation at the global scale. Instead, populations within the major ocean basins
Great_white_shark
Subspecies of carnivore
Cheetah Metapopulation Project was launched in 2011 by the Endangered Wildlife Trust. Its purpose is to develop and co-ordinate a national metapopulation management
Southeast_African_cheetah
Process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species
Disturbance Promote Invasion by Habitat Generalists in a Multispecies Metapopulation". Risk Analysis. 24 (4): 869–878. Bibcode:2004RiskA..24..869M. doi:10
Habitat_destruction
Organism which consumes bacteria
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Bacterivore
Hypothesis about plant resource use competition in community ecology
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
R*_rule_(ecology)
Study of what affects viral life spans
processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift
Viral_phylodynamics
Human and animal disease
PMID 10807389. Keeling MJ, Gilligan CA (2000). "Bubonic Plague: A Metapopulation Model of a Zoonosis". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 267 (1458):
Bubonic_plague
Species introduced by human activity
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Introduced_species
Aspect of ecosystems
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Food_chain
Fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Ecological_niche
Giant tube worm (species of annelid)
gases and the presence of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Therefore, its metapopulation distribution is profoundly linked to volcanic and tectonic activity
Riftia
Form of population segregation
Gene flow Genetic erosion Habitat fragmentation Landscape ecology Metapopulation Patch dynamics Wildlife corridor Proctor, Michael F.; McLellan, Bruce
Population_fragmentation
Genus of flowering plants
biological species invasions, adaptation to heavy-metal-contaminated soils, metapopulation genetics, and organelle genome evolution. Notably, some members of the
Silene
Species of sheep native to North America
Sinclair, A.R.E. (2007). "Dynamics of pneumonia in a bighorn sheep metapopulation". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 71 (4): 1080–1088. Bibcode:2007JWMan
Bighorn_sheep
Evolutionary biologist and science writer
Olivia P. (1994). Parasites, sex and genetic variation in a model metapopulation (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. Harvey, Paul (4 October 2002)
Olivia_Judson
Spanish physicist
known for his works on the mathematical formulation of multi-scale metapopulation models to integrate human mobility and interaction data on realistic
Jesús_Gómez-Gardeñes
Modeling language used in energy flow diagrams
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Energy_systems_language
Maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Carrying_capacity
National park in Nepal
D. (2002). "The Terai Arc: Managing Tigers and other wildlife as metapopulations". In Wikramanayake, E.; Dinerstein, E. & Colby, J.L. (eds.). Terrestrial
Shuklaphanta_National_Park
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Carnivore
Scientific discipline
Hanski I (1999) Metapopulation ecology Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854065-6. Hanski I, Gilpin M (1991). "Metapopulation dynamics: brief history
Theoretical_ecology
Species of medium-sized cat native to Eurasia
& Breitenmoser, U. (2010). "Recovery of the Alpine lynx Lynx lynx metapopulation". Oryx. 44 (2): 267–275. doi:10.1017/S0030605309991013. S2CID 85591557
Eurasian_lynx
Ecological competition between organisms of the same species
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Intraspecific_competition
Class of models about the dynamics of extinctions of species
the role of genetics in extinction occurs in the case of fragmented metapopulations of southern dunlins (Calidris alpine schinzii) in SW Sweden. These
Extinction_vortex
Species of bird
contributing to maintaining the Mozambique population (and hence the larger metapopulation). BirdLife International 2016. Gypohierax angolensis (errata version
Palm-nut_vulture
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively plant material
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Herbivore
PMID 25974548. Grilli, Jacopo; Barabás, György; Allesina, Stefano (2015). "Metapopulation Persistence in Random Fragmented Landscapes". PLOS Computational Biology
Euclidean_random_matrix
Study of distribution of species
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Biogeography
Tiger population on the Indian subcontinent
(19,000 mi2) landscape. The goals are to manage tigers as a single metapopulation, the dispersal of which between core refuges can help maintain genetic
Bengal_tiger
Predator at the top of a food chain
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Apex_predator
Accumulation of mutations
PMID 10655514. González-García I, Solé RV, Costa J (October 2002). "Metapopulation dynamics and spatial heterogeneity in cancer". Proceedings of the National
Somatic_evolution_in_cancer
Non-native organism causing damage to an established environment
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Invasive_species
Species of deer
reindeer herd in the world, varying between 400,000 and 1,000,000; it is a metapopulation consisting of several subpopulations — some of which are phenotypically
Reindeer
Species of carnivorous plant
mass of populations, and exposing the success of any one population to metapopulation dynamics. These dynamics make small, isolated populations particularly
Venus_flytrap
Species that is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Generalist and specialist species
Generalist_and_specialist_species
Ecological model of population distribution
change. Source–sink dynamics has also been incorporated into studies of metapopulations, a group of populations residing in patches of habitat. Though some
Source–sink_dynamics
Species of butterfly
francisci, commonly called Saint Francis' satyr, is found in a single metapopulation in a 10 × 10 km area of Fort Bragg in North Carolina. Recent discoveries
Neonympha_mitchellii
Animal that feeds on carrion
modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink
Necrophage
Species of bird
distributed and currently inhabit most of the island. It is believed that the metapopulation of eastern rosella in New Zealand arose from three main sites of establishment:
Eastern_rosella
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
Boy/Male
Sikh
Swaggerific
Boy/Male
Tamil
Purvanshu | பà¯à®°à¯à®µà®¾à®‚à®·à¯Â
Male
Dutch
, awful or venerable one.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Desired, Cherished, The golden one or Love
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Goddess Name
Boy/Male
Gypsy
He who forecasts.
Boy/Male
Basque German
Bear.
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Greek
Violet Flower
Boy/Male
Indian
Soil; Soft
Girl/Female
Tamil
Talent, Great conquer
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION
METAPOPULATION