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In mathematics, a metric projection is a function that maps each element of a metric space to the set of points nearest to that element in some fixed sub-space
Metric_projection
Systematic representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsoid onto a plane
compromises, or approximates basic metric properties in different ways. The purpose of the map determines which projection should form the base for the map
Map_projection
Equal-area pseudocylindrical global map projection
The Equal Earth map projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical global map projection invented by Bojan Šavrič, Bernhard Jenny, and Tom Patterson in
Equal_Earth_projection
Conic equal-area map projection
properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Albers Projection. v t e
Albers_projection
Particular mapping that projects a sphere onto a plane
The stereographic projection gives a way to represent a sphere by a plane. The metric induced by the inverse stereographic projection from the plane to
Stereographic_projection
Polyhedral compromise map projection
The Cahill–Keyes projection is a polyhedral compromise map projection first proposed by Gene Keyes in 1975. The projection is a refinement of an earlier
Cahill–Keyes_projection
Pseudoazimuthal compromise map projection
of any of the projections they studied. By a different metric, Capek's "Q", the Winkel tripel ranked ninth among a hundred map projections of the world
Winkel_tripel_projection
Cylindrical equal-area map projection
The Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular, equal-area map projection. Like all equal-area projections, it distorts most shapes. It is a cylindrical
Gall–Peters_projection
Cylindrical conformal map projection
The Mercator projection (/mərˈkeɪtər/) is a conformal cylindrical map projection first presented by Flemish geographer and mapmaker Gerardus Mercator
Mercator_projection
Azimuthal equidistant map projection
Azimuthal equidistant projection maps The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection. It has the useful properties that all points
Azimuthal equidistant projection
Azimuthal_equidistant_projection
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
Minkowski metric η is the metric tensor of Minkowski spacetime. It is a pseudo-Euclidean metric, or more generally, a constant pseudo-Riemannian metric in Cartesian
Minkowski_spacetime
This is a summary of map projections that have articles of their own on Wikipedia or that are otherwise notable. Because there is no limit to the number
List_of_map_projections
Pseudoazimuthal compromise map projection
media related to Aitoff projection. Table of common projections An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Aitoff Projection.
Aitoff_projection
Cylindrical equidistant map projection
isographic projection and the plate carrée projection (also called the geographic projection, lat/lon projection, or plane chart), is a simple map projection attributed
Equirectangular_projection
Conic conformal map projection
A Lambert conformal conic projection (LCC) is a conic map projection used for aeronautical charts, portions of the State Plane Coordinate System, and many
Lambert conformal conic projection
Lambert_conformal_conic_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
known as the Babinet projection, homalographic projection, homolographic projection, and elliptical projection. The projection trades accuracy of angle
Mollweide_projection
Polyhedral compromise map projection
The Dymaxion map projection, also called the Fuller projection, is a kind of polyhedral map projection of the Earth's surface onto the unfolded net of
Dymaxion_map
Pseudocylindrical compromise map projection
The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map that shows the entire world at once. It was created in an attempt to find a good compromise
Robinson_projection
Retroazimuthal compromise map projection
ISSN 1523-0406. An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Craig Projection. Biography of James Ireland Craig (1868-1952).
Craig retroazimuthal projection
Craig_retroazimuthal_projection
Conformal map projection
The Peirce quincuncial projection is the conformal map projection from the sphere to an unfolded square dihedron, developed by Charles Sanders Peirce in
Peirce_quincuncial_projection
Adaptation of the standard Mercator projection
The transverse Mercator map projection (TM, TMP) is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The transverse version is widely used in national
Transverse Mercator projection
Transverse_Mercator_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
Goode homolosine projection (or interrupted Goode homolosine projection) is a pseudocylindrical, equal-area, composite map projection used for world maps
Goode_homolosine_projection
Model of the extended complex plane plus a point at infinity
\mathbf {R} ^{3}} via stereographic projection. In the ζ {\displaystyle \zeta } -chart on the Riemann sphere, the metric with K = 1 {\displaystyle K=1} is
Riemann_sphere
Geometric algorithms for signal processing
A different type of projection filters, based on an alternative projection metric, the direct L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} metric, was introduced in Armstrong
Projection_filters
Map projection historically used for maps of the United States
of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Polyconic Projection. v t e
American_polyconic_projection
Projection of a sphere through its center onto a plane
A gnomonic projection, also known as a central projection, gnomic projection, or rectilinear projection, is a perspective projection of a sphere, with
Gnomonic_projection
Type of map projection
or equal-area projection is a map projection that preserves relative area measure between any and all map regions. Equivalent projections are widely used
Equal-area_projection
Mercator variant map projection
Pseudo-Mercator, or Google Web Mercator is a variant of the Mercator map projection used for coordinates in WGS 84 Web Mercator or WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator
Web_Mercator_projection
Characterization of distortion in map projections
the map projection is evident. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the Tissot indicatrix and the metric tensor of the map projection coordinate
Tissot's_indicatrix
Map projection
common projections, from radicalcartography.net An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Bonne Projection Bonne Projection (wolfram
Bonne_projection
Azimuthal equal-area map projection
The Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection is a particular mapping from a sphere to a disk. It accurately represents area in all regions of the sphere
Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection
Lambert_azimuthal_equal-area_projection
Polyhedral compromise map projection
AuthaGraph is an approximately equal-area world map projection invented by Japanese architect Hajime Narukawa in 1999. The map is made by equally dividing
AuthaGraph_projection
Azimuthal perspective map projection
Orthographic projection in cartography has been used since antiquity. Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection, orthographic projection is a
Orthographic_map_projection
Process in microfabrication
another key metric in lithography systems. Depth of focus is inversely proportional to the square of the numerical aperture (NA) in projection lithography
Photolithography
Pseudocylindrical compromise map projection
The Natural Earth projection is a pseudocylindrical map projection designed by Tom Patterson and introduced in 2008. It is neither conformal nor equal-area
Natural_Earth_projection
Type of conformal map projection
stereographic projection, also known as the planisphere projection or the azimuthal conformal projection, is a conformal map projection whose use dates
Stereographic_map_projection
Map projection in which every angle between two curves that cross each other is preserved
In cartography, a conformal map projection is one in which every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is
Conformal_map_projection
Cylindrical equal-area map projection
cylindrical equal-area projection, or Lambert cylindrical projection, is a cylindrical equal-area projection. This projection is undistorted along the
Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection
Lambert_cylindrical_equal-area_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
algorithm for pixelisation of the 2-sphere and the associated class of map projections. The pixelisation algorithm was devised in 1997 by Krzysztof M. Górski
HEALPix
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
The Eckert IV projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection. The length of the polar lines is half that of the equator, and lines of longitude
Eckert_IV_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
sinusoidal projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection, sometimes called the Sanson–Flamsteed or the Mercator equal-area projection. Jean Cossin
Sinusoidal_projection
Class of map projections
projections or to a specific projection known less ambiguously as the American polyconic projection. Polyconic as a class refers to those projections
Polyconic_projection_class
Straightedge or folding ruler used to physically measure lengths
more than one measurement system also exist, most notably those which have metric measurements on one side and U.S. customary units on the other side (or
Metre-stick
Optimizing objective functions that have constrained variables
satisfaction problem (CSP) Constraint programming Integer programming Metric projection Penalty method Superiorization Rossi, Francesca; van Beek, Peter;
Constrained_optimization
Polyhedral compromise map projection
The Waterman "Butterfly" World Map is a map projection created by Steve Waterman. Waterman first published a map in this arrangement in 1996. The arrangement
Waterman_butterfly_projection
Machine learning algorithm
Sammon mapping or Sammon projection is an algorithm that maps a high-dimensional space to a space of lower dimensionality (see multidimensional scaling)
Sammon_mapping
Method of projecting a sphere to the plane
The Werner projection is a pseudoconic equal-area map projection sometimes called the Stab–Werner or Stabius–Werner projection. Like other heart-shaped
Werner_projection
projection π, and g is the metric tensor on the base space M. The expression kω should be understood as (kω)(X,Y) = k(ω(X),ω(Y)), with k the metric tensor
Bundle_metric
Cylindrical compromise map projection
The Gall stereographic projection, presented by James Gall in 1855, is a cylindrical projection. It is neither equal-area nor conformal but instead tries
Gall_stereographic_projection
Type of vector space in math
parallelogram law hold in a Hilbert space. At a deeper level, perpendicular projection onto a linear subspace plays a significant role in optimization problems
Hilbert_space
Map projection
hemisphere-in-a-square projection is a conformal map projection for the hemisphere. It is an oblique aspect of the Peirce quincuncial projection. The projection was developed
Guyou hemisphere-in-a-square projection
Guyou_hemisphere-in-a-square_projection
Color Light Output is specified in the lumen unit and measures a color projection system's ability to correctly reproduce color brightness. The Color Light
Color_Light_Output
Topics referred to by the same term
strength training. Isometric video game graphics, a near-isometric parallel projection used in computer art. Isometric joystick, a type of pointing stick, a
Isometric
Cylindrical equal-area map projection
The Behrmann projection is a cylindrical equal-area map projection described by Walter Behrmann in 1910. Cylindrical equal-area projections differ by their
Behrmann_projection
Cylindrical perspective map projection
The central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent
Central cylindrical projection
Central_cylindrical_projection
UFOs reported by astronauts while in space
17257.45924. Alfonso-Sosa, Edwin (May 2026). "The Brane-Intersection Metric Projection (BIMP) Hypothesis: Resolving Thermodynamic Paradoxes and Bathymetric
UFO_sightings_in_outer_space
Pseudoazimuthal equal-area map projection
projection is an equal-area map projection described by Ernst Hammer in 1892. Using the same 2:1 elliptical outer shape as the Mollweide projection,
Hammer_projection
Symbolic depiction of spatial relationships
corresponding distance on the ground. The choice of a map projection is fundamental, as every projection introduces characteristic distortions. Geographic coordinates
Map
East-West geographic coordinate
The geometry of the ellipsoid". The Mercator Projections: The Normal and Transverse Mercator Projections on the Sphere and the Ellipsoid with Full Derivations
Longitude
Compromise map projection
der Grinten projection is a compromise map projection, which means that it is neither equal-area nor conformal. Unlike perspective projections, the van der
Van_der_Grinten_projection
Metric on a complex projective space endowed with Hermitian form
Fubini–Study metric (IPA: /fubini-ʃtuːdi/) is a Kähler metric on a complex projective space CPn endowed with a Hermitian form. This metric was originally
Fubini–Study_metric
Azimuthal perspective map projection
Perspective projection is a map projection. When the Earth is photographed from space, the camera records the view as a perspective projection. When the
General Perspective projection
General_Perspective_projection
Pseudocylindrical compromise map projection
The Kavrayskiy VII projection is a map projection invented by Soviet cartographer Vladimir V. Kavrayskiy in 1939 for use as a general-purpose pseudocylindrical
Kavrayskiy_VII_projection
Type of map projection
A polyhedral map projection is a map projection based on a spherical polyhedron. Typically, the polyhedron is overlaid on the globe, and each face of the
Polyhedral_map_projection
Estimated global human population
Human population projections are attempts to show how human populations might change in the future. These projections are an important input to forecasts
Human_population_projections
Riemannian manifold to another that respects the metrics, meaning that it is an orthogonal projection on tangent spaces. Let (M, g) and (N, h) be two Riemannian
Riemannian_submersion
Places where the globe has been split in a map projection
In map projections, an interruption is any place where the globe has been split. All map projections are interrupted at at least one point. Typical world
Interruption_(map_projection)
Mathematical statistics distance measure
projection. While it is a statistical distance, it is not a metric, the most familiar type of distance, but instead it is a divergence. While metrics
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Type of metric geometry
differences of their respective Cartesian coordinates, a distance function (or metric) called the taxicab distance, Manhattan distance, or city block distance
Taxicab_geometry
Family of map projections
equal-area projection is a family of normal cylindrical, equal-area map projections. The invention of the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection is attributed
Cylindrical equal-area projection
Cylindrical_equal-area_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
The Eckert VI projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection. The length of polar line is half that of the equator, and lines of longitude
Eckert_VI_projection
Cylindrical compromise map projection
The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified Mercator projection, proposed by Osborn Maitland Miller in 1942. The latitude is scaled by a factor of
Miller_cylindrical_projection
Process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
the reduced space more accurately than in the original space. Feature projection (also called feature extraction) transforms the data from the high-dimensional
Dimensionality_reduction
Type of non-Euclidean geometry
Orthographic projection onto a plane z = C {\displaystyle z=C} projects corresponding points on the Beltrami–Klein model. Central projection from the centre
Hyperbolic_geometry
Ratio of distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground
strictly, 1 cm=0.00001 km, as per definition of the metric prefixes. Snyder, John P. (1987). Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional
Scale_(map)
Conformal map projection
hemisphere-in-a-square is a conformal map projection for a hemisphere. It is a transverse version of the Peirce quincuncial projection, and is named after American
Adams hemisphere-in-a-square projection
Adams_hemisphere-in-a-square_projection
Map projections devised by Oswald Winkel
Winkel projections use the arithmetic mean of the equirectangular projection and other projections. There are several variants: the Winkel I projection uses
Winkel_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
The Eckert II projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection. In the equatorial aspect (where the equator is shown as the horizontal axis)
Eckert_II_projection
Model of hyperbolic geometry
ideal endpoints on the boundary sphere. It is analogous to the gnomonic projection of spherical geometry, in that geodesics (great circles in spherical geometry)
Beltrami–Klein_model
Land speed record vehicle
(26 ft) long, had three axles with two of them driven, weighed over 2.7 metric tons (three short tons), and produced 3,452 hp (2,574 kW; 3,500 PS) together
Mercedes-Benz_T80
(Technical Report); John von Neumann; Differential Equivalence Classes for Metric Projections and Optimal Backward Errors; Min-max identities on boundaries of convex
List of awards and honors received by John von Neumann
List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_John_von_Neumann
Six pseudocylindrical map projections
The Eckert projections are six pseudocylindrical map projections devised by Max Eckert-Greifendorff, who presented them in 1906. The latitudes are parallel
Eckert_projection
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
compact Kähler manifolds with a vanishing first Chern class and a Ricci-flat metric, though many other similar but inequivalent definitions are sometimes used
Calabi–Yau_manifold
Algebraic operation on coordinate vectors
{a} }},} the formula for the Euclidean length of the vector. The scalar projection (or scalar component) of a Euclidean vector a {\displaystyle \mathbf {a}
Dot_product
Sub-field of computer graphics
generate computer-generated images, or frames, using certain desired metrics. One such metric is the number of frames generated in a given second. Real-time
Real-time_computer_graphics
Polyhedral compromise map projection
The octant projection or octants projection, is a type of map projection proposed the first time, in 1508, by Leonardo da Vinci in his Codex Atlanticus
Octant_projection
Cylindrical equidistant map projection
The Cassini projection (also sometimes known as the Cassini–Soldner projection or Soldner projection) is a map projection first described in an approximate
Cassini_projection
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
The Collignon projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection first known to be published by Édouard Collignon in 1865 and subsequently cited
Collignon_projection
Mathematical method
Approximate Selection for Set-Valued Mappings and Applications to Metric Projections". SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis. 14 (1): 185–194. doi:10.1137/0514015
Selection_theorem
Geometric space with four dimensions
of dimensional analogy in visualizing higher dimensions is in projection. A projection is a way of representing an n-dimensional object in n − 1 dimensions
Four-dimensional_space
Soviet pump-action heavy shotgun
approximately 4 gauge using the current European standards (based on the metric CIP tables), making it the largest-bore shotgun in modern use. The KS-23
KS-23
Set of points at distance less than one from a given point
( 0 ) {\displaystyle D_{1}(0)} , with respect to the standard Euclidean metric. It is the interior of a circle of radius 1, centered at the origin. This
Unit_disk
Pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection
The Boggs eumorphic projection is a pseudocylindrical, equal-area map projection used for world maps. Normally it is presented with multiple interruptions
Boggs_eumorphic_projection
Pseudoazimuthal, equal-area map projection
The Wiechel projection is an pseudoazimuthal, equal-area map projection, and a novelty map presented by William H. Wiechel in 1879. When centered on the
Wiechel_projection
Map projection
The oblique Mercator map projection is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The oblique version is sometimes used in national mapping systems
Oblique_Mercator_projection
Branch of mathematics that studies dynamical systems
and equidistribution, have also been extensively studied. The problem of metric classification of systems is another important part of the abstract ergodic
Ergodic_theory
Type of topological space
uniform space if it is equipped with its discrete uniformity. the discrete metric ρ {\displaystyle \rho } on X {\displaystyle X} is defined by ρ ( x , y )
Discrete_space
Cylindrical equal-area map projection
The Hobo–Dyer map projection is a normal cylindrical equal-area projection, with standard parallels (there is no north-south or east-west distortion) at
Hobo–Dyer_projection
Oblique stereographic map projection
Roussilhe oblique stereographic projection is a mapping projection developed by Henri Roussilhe in 1922. The projection uses a truncated series to approximate
Roussilhe oblique stereographic projection
Roussilhe_oblique_stereographic_projection
Pseudoazimuthal equal-area map projection
1995 projection, Strebe projection, Strebe lenticular equal-area projection, or Strebe equal-area polyconic projection is an equal-area map projection presented
Strebe_1995_projection
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METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
Male
Finnish
 Finnish form of Greek Petros, PETRI means "rock, stone." Compare with another form of Petri.
Female
Hebrew
(מְ×ִירִית) Variant form of Hebrew Meiri, MEIRIT means "giving light."Â
Surname or Lastname
Welsh
Welsh : from the Welsh personal name Meurig, a form of Maurice, Latin Mauritius (see Morris).English : from an Old French personal name introduced to Britain by the Normans, composed of the Germanic elements meri, mari ‘fame’ + rīc ‘power’.Scottish : habitational name from a place near Minigaff in the county of Dumfries and Galloway, so called from Gaelic meurach ‘branch or fork of a road or river’.Irish : when not Welsh or English in origin, probably an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Mearadhaigh (see Merry).
Female
Hebrew
(מְ×ִירִי) Variant form of Hebrew Meira, MEIRI means "giving light."
Male
English
English form of German Erich, ERIC means "ever-ruler."Â
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Merritt, MERIT means "boundary gate." Compare with strictly feminine Merit.
Female
Scottish
Variant form of Scottish Gaelic Oighrig, possibly EIRIC means "new speckled one."
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Roman Latin Maurice, MEURIC means "dark-skinned; Moor."
Boy/Male
Norse American Scandinavian
Ever or eternal ruler. Island ruler. Famous bearer: 10th-century Norwegian explorer Eric the Red.
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ælfric, ELRIC means "elf ruler."
Boy/Male
Greek, Hindu, Indian
Friendship
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Eadric, EDRIC means "rich ruler."
Male
Swedish
Swedish variant spelling of Scandinavian Henrik, HENRIC means "home-ruler."
Male
German
Altered form of German Almeric, EMERIC means "work-power."
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Gift of Splendor; Form of Cedric
Male
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Meuric, MEURIG means "dark-skinned; Moor."
Male
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Petre, PETRICA means "rock, stone."
Male
English
English name coined by Sir Walter Scott for a character in his novel Ivanhoe, thought to possibly be a variant spelling of Anglo-Saxon Cerdic, CEDRIC means "war chief."Â
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ceneric, CENRIC means "keen power."
Male
Turkish
Turkish name METIN means "strong."
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
METRIC PROJECTION
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