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Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
forming extensive coal forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of vascular plants had evolved leaves and true roots
Devonian
Second epoch of the Devonian period
timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after
Middle_Devonian
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Devonian mass extinction, also known as the Kellwasser event, was a mass extinction
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Extinct class of corals
(Suborder Cystiphyllina) Nicholson, 1889 (Middle Ordovician – Middle Devonian) Order Stauriida Verrill, 1865 (Middle Ordovician – Late Permian) Suborder Arachnophyllina
Rugosa
First epoch/series of the Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1
Early_Devonian
Geology of Scottish islands
geology of the Orkney islands in northern Scotland is dominated by the Devonian Old Red Sandstone (ORS). In the southwestern part of Mainland, this sequence
Geology_of_Orkney
Period of rapid plant and fungal diversification, 428–359 million years ago
The Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution (SDTR), also known as the Devonian Plant Explosion (DePE) and the Devonian explosion, was a period of rapid
Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution
Silurian-Devonian_Terrestrial_Revolution
Evolution of fish
evolution of fishes. The Devonian period is broken into the Early, Middle and Late stages. By the start of the Early Devonian 419 mya, jawed fishes had
Timeline_of_fish_evolution
Use of a particular fossil class to identify stratigraphy
by the Emsian, which lasts until the Middle Devonian begins, 393.3± 2.7 million years ago. The Middle Devonian comprises two subdivisions, the Eifelian
Conodont_biostratigraphy
Sedimentary basin of Devonian age in Scotland, UK
lithostratigraphic terms lower, middle and upper ORS, however, do not necessarily match exactly with sediments of lower, middle and upper Devonian age, as the base of
Orcadian_Basin
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
('middle spine') is an extinct genus of acanthodian fish from the lower to middle Devonian Scotland. It is among the more primitive of the Devonian acanthodians
Mesacanthus
North American orogeny
mountain building event that began in the Middle Devonian and reached its climax during the Late Devonian. It was active for approximately 50 million
Acadian_orogeny
Extinct genus of trilobites
Kolihapeltis is a genus of trilobite that lived from the Early Devonian to the Middle Devonian. Its remains have been found in Africa and Europe. Evolving
Kolihapeltis
Fifth stage of the devonian and second stage of the Middle Devonian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from 387.95 million years ago to 382.31 million years ago. It was preceded
Givetian
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
from the Middle Devonian, and body fossils became common near the end of the Late Devonian, around 370–360 million years ago. These Devonian species all
Tetrapod
York. It preserves fossils going back to the Givetian stage of the middle Devonian. The Windom shale is widely known for its abundance of trilobite fossils
Windom_shale
Genus of jawless fishes
Blieckaspis priscillae is a pteraspidid heterostracan agnathan from the Middle Devonian of North America. Blieckaspis priscillae was originally described by
Blieckaspis
Extinct genus of bony fishes
fish from Europe and North America. They existed from the Middle Devonian to the Late Devonian (around 397.5 to 360 mya). The name comes from Greek for
Laccognathus
(2004). "Diplacanthid acanthodians from the Aztec Siltstone (late Middle Devonian) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Fossils and Strata. 50: 23–43
List_of_acanthodian_genera
Extinct genus of ferns
revealed in 2007) in Schoharie County, New York, of fossils from the Middle Devonian about 385 million years ago united the crown of Wattieza to a root
Wattieza
Clade of tetrapodomorphs
appear in the late Middle Devonian or in the early Late Devonian. However, a series of trace fossils from the early Middle Devonian of Poland suggests
Elpistostegalia
Extinct family of tetrapodomorphs
tetrapodomorphs living throughout the Middle and Late Devonian. They first appeared in the Eifelian stage of the Middle Devonian. Within the group sizes ranged
Tristichopteridae
Extinct genus of tree
extinct genus of tree, or "tree-sized plant", that was extant in the Middle Devonian period. As of 2024, a well-preserved fossilized forest of Calamophyton
Calamophyton
Extinct genus of fishes
placoderm. The fossils of the various species are found in Early to Middle Devonian strata in Southern China (Xishancun, Lianhuashan and Xitun Formations)
Yunnanolepis
Phylum of marine animals also known as lamp shells
the Middle Devonian of Wisconsin. Brachiopod casts in the Lock Haven Formation Hercosestria cribrosa Cooper & Grant 1969 (Roadian, Guadalupian, Middle Permian);
Brachiopod
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Gladbachus is a possible genus of extinct chondrichthyan from the Middle Devonian Lower Plattenkalk of Germany. The holotype, UMZC 2000.32, was discovered
Gladbachus
Extant subclass of cephalopods
Rutoceratid nautiloid from the middle Devonian of the United States Lorieroceras was a bizarre oncocerid nautiloid from the Devonian that possessed a helically
Nautiloid
Extinct genus of tetrapodomorphs
monospecific genus of extinct sarcopterygian (lobe-finned fish) from the late Devonian Period, about 375 Mya (million years ago), having many features similar
Tiktaalik
Extinct superfamily of crinoids
Gasterocomacea is an extinct superfamily of crinoids from the Middle to Late Devonian. Gasterocomacea in the Paleobiology Database Wikispecies has information
Gasterocomacea
Genus of trilobites
the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, known from the late Middle and earliest Upper Devonian of Morocco and the USA. Like in all sighted Phacopina, the
Eldredgeops
performance and dental complexity in eight eubrachythoracid placoderms from the Devonian Gogo Formation (Australia), providing evidence of different adaptations
2026_in_paleoichthyology
Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
them confined to a large embayment west of the Appalachians. By the Middle Devonian, these two provinces had been united into one and the closure of the
Laurasia
Mountain range in Germany
the Middle Devonian. To the north of the Vordertaunus is the Taunuscrest, also known as the High Taunus, which mainly consists of Lower Devonian clastic
Taunus
37570/bgsd-2026-75-02. Ernst, A.; Racki, G.; Wyse Jackson, P. N. (2026). "Middle Devonian and Frasnian bryozoan fauna from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland"
2026_in_paleontology
Type of fossilized remains
and very similar fossil from slightly earlier strata of France. A Middle Devonian precursor to seed plants has been identified from Belgium, predating
Transitional_fossil
Archipelago, county and council area in northern Scotland
superficial rock of Orkney is almost entirely Old Red Sandstone, mostly of Middle Devonian age. As in the neighbouring mainland county of Caithness, this sandstone
Orkney
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1035
Cheiracanthus
Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock
The Marcellus Formation or the Marcellus Shale is a Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock found in eastern North America. Named for a distinctive
Marcellus_Formation
Extinct genus of brachiopods
extinct genus of brachiopods. The fossils are present in the Middle and Upper Devonian. It is likely that Tenticospirifer, that itself appeared during
Cyrtospirifer
embryophyte land plants first occurs in the middle Ordovician (~470 million years ago). By the middle of the Devonian (~390 million years ago), fossil evidence
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolutionary_history_of_plants
Extinction event in the Middle Devonian
about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the Middle Devonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era. It was caused by hypoxia from
Taghanic_event
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Mcmurdodontidae. It contains one species, Mcmurdodus featherensis, from the Middle Devonian of Antarctica. The Australian species M. whitei was previously included
Mcmurdodus
Extinct family of jawless fishes
body. Fossils are known from the Lower Silurian and Middle Devonian of Scotland, and the Upper Devonian of Canada. In particular, Euphanerops is unique in
Euphaneropidae
Clade of lobe-finned fish
spines supporting the fins. Sarcopterygii emerged in the Silurian and early Devonian periods consisting entirely of aquatic species, but today the vast majority
Sarcopterygii
Extinct subclass of crinoids
Camerata Temporal range: Middle Ordovician–Late Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Rhodocrinus serpens, a sea lily of the family Rhodocrinidae, 16mm measured
Camerata_(crinoid)
Paraphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs
group evolved from elpistostegalian fish in the late Devonian, or possibly in the middle Devonian. They continued to thrive as denizens of swampland and
Ichthyostegalia
Class of echinoderms
Crinoid Some extinct crinoids, like Monstrocrinus from the Early to Middle Devonian, could bear arrangements of complex spines attached to calyx plates
Crinoid
Extinct genus of placoderm fish
in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens E. pustulosus and
Eastmanosteus
Genus of lichid Trilobite
Ceratarges is a genus of lichid Trilobite from the Middle to late Devonian. It lived in what is now western Europe and Morocco. It averaged around 10
Ceratarges
Extinct order of trees
plants belonging to Progymnospermae, and dominant forest trees of the Late Devonian. They reproduced with spores rather than seeds. They were the evolutionary
Archaeopteridales
Genus of molluscs
early nautiloid named by Zhuravleva in 1974, that lived during the middle Devonian Jack Sepkoski, 2000. List of Cephalopoda genera Uloceras in Fossilworks
Uloceras
Bioevent or series of events that occurred close to the end of the Eifelian Age
of events that occurred close to the end of the Eifelian age of the Middle Devonian period. It involved a global eustatic rise in sea level and ecological
Kačák_event
Extinct order of molluscs
would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage (corresponding to late
Agoniatitida
Geologic formation of Givetian age
Formation, also known as the Prairie Formation, is a geologic formation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) age that consists primarily of halite (rock salt) and other
Prairie_Evaporite_Formation
Many-legged arthropods with elongated bodies
(1988). "Devonobiomorpha, a new order of centipeds (Chilopoda) from the Middle Devonian of Gilboa, New York State, United States, and the phylogeny of centiped
Centipede
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
highly successful inhabitants of Middle-Late Devonian freshwater and shallow marine habitats, with the Middle to Late Devonian genus, Bothriolepis, known from
Placoderm
Extinct genus of fishes
Givetian-Famennian (Middle-Late Devonian): Endemism-cosmopolitanism spectrum as an indicator of interprovincial faunal exchanges". Palaeoworld. Middle Palaeozoic
Grossaspis
separates the Devonian rocks of Illinois from those of the Silurian; the oldest Devonian rocks in the state are therefore from the middle part of the period
Geology_of_Illinois
Fossilized footprint (ichnite)
Macrofloral and palynological information help date them. Ireland hosts late Middle Devonian tetrapod trackways at three sites on Valentia Island within the Valentia
Fossil_track
Extinct genus of trilobites
Archegonus is a genus of proetid trilobite that was endemic from the Middle Devonian period to the Carboniferous period in Europe and Southern China. †A
Archegonus
Lake formed as a result of subsidence related to movement on faults within a rift zone
Basin, in northern Scotland, had rift lakes that formed during the Middle Devonian. Rift Valley lakes, eastern Africa Lake Tanganyika, part of Albertine
Rift_lake
Extinct class of vascular plants
opposite). The stratigraphically oldest known examples belong to the Middle Devonian order the Aneurophytales, with forms such as Protopteridium, in which
Progymnosperm
Fourth stage of the Devonian and first stage of the Middle Devonian
The Eifelian is the first of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 387.95 ± 1.04 million years
Eifelian
Origin and diversification of fish through geologic time
which appeared about 430 Ma in the Early to Middle Silurian. They were mostly wiped out during the Late Devonian extinction event, 378 Ma, though some survived
Evolution_of_fish
Kolpaspis is an extinct genus of placoderm fish, which lived during the Middle Devonian period of North America. Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates, 1969-1972
Kolpaspis
Genus of annelid worms
("Webster's saw") is a genus of eunicidan polychaete that lived during the middle Devonian period in what is now Canada. It contains a single species, W. armstrongi
Websteroprion
Paleozoic plant family
been found in Siberia, Poland, and Brazil. The fossils date to the Middle Devonian-Carboniferous, lower Carboniferous (Dinantian), and the lower Permian
Archaeocalamitaceae
Geological formation
western Michigan, United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Devonian period and correlates with the Long Lake Limestone and Alpena Limestone
Gravel_Point_Formation
Type of sedimentary rock
varied over geologic time, and they were likely most extensive in the middle Devonian, when they covered an area estimated at 5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi)
Limestone
Geologic formation in the Mojave Desert of California
The Lost Burro Formation is a Middle to Upper/Late Devonian geologic formation in the Mojave Desert of California in the Western United States. The Dolomite
Lost_Burro_Formation
Extinct genus of liverworts
Metzgeriothallus sharonae is the oldest known liverwort fossil, dating to the Middle Devonian. It is a simple, thalloid organism. M. metzgerioides is known from
Metzgeriothallus
Eldredge. 1974. Two new subspecies of Phacops rana (Trilobita) from the middle Devonian of north-west Africa. Palaeontology 17(2):349-363 P. D. Gingerich and
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Western Sahara
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Western_Sahara
Group of cartilaginous fish
Mesozoic eras. The earliest known fossils of holocephalans date to the Middle Devonian, and the subclass likely reached its peak diversity during the following
Holocephali
Extinct class of ferns
lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around 390 to 320 million years ago)
Cladoxylopsida
Extinct genus of bony fishes
and 1984 by paleontologist Min Zhu and colleagues and dated from Early Devonian and Late Silurian periods. Other fossils, also dated from Late Silurian
Psarolepis
Geological formation in Brazil
Pimenteira Formation, also known as Pimenteiras Formation, is an Mid to Late Devonian geological formation of the Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil. It mainly
Pimenteira_Formation
C. & Schultze, H.-P., 2005: New osteichthyans (bony fishes) from the Devonian of Central Australia. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deutero
List_of_sarcopterygian_genera
Geological Formations
geologic formation in Michigan that preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Devonian and is the uppermost formation of the Traverse Group. The name for
Thunder_Bay_Limestone
Extinct genus of trilobites
Chamaeleoaspis is a genus of tiny trilobites found in Early to Middle Eifelian marine strata of Africa and Europe. The two species look very similar to
Chamaeleoaspis
Extinct genus of trilobites
Aayemenaytcheia paragranulata is a Middle Devonian proetid trilobite. The genus name is the vocalisation of the acronym AMNH of the American Museum of
Aayemenaytcheia
Extinct family of trees
belonging to Progymnospermae, and were dominant forest trees of the Late Devonian. Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Krings, Michael (2009). Paleobotany:
Archaeopteridaceae
Extinct family of fishes
extinct primitive arthrodire placoderm fishes from Early Devonian China and Middle Devonian Australia. It contains two genera, Wuttagoonaspis and Yiminaspis
Wuttagoonaspidae
Extinct family of gastropods
Catantostomatidae Temporal range: Middle Devonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda
Catantostomatidae
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
jawless fish. It existed from the Lochkovian to Eifelian epochs of the Devonian period in areas that are now the Americas and Europe. Like other heterostracan
Pteraspis
Paleontological research in the U.S. state of Ohio
Early Devonian. By the middle Devonian the seas had expanded across the state once more. Sharks and bony fishes appeared in the Middle Devonian, such
Paleontology_in_Ohio
Extinct genus of fishes
bothriolepids. Specimens range in age from the Lower Devonian Late Emsian Stage (393.3 Ma) to the Middle Devonian Upper Givetian Stage (382.7 Ma). They are characterized
Microbrachius
Extinct genus of plants
Pertica is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early to Middle Devonian (around 420 to 380 million years ago). It has been placed in the "trimerophytes"
Pertica
Extinct genus of trilobites
Thysanopeltis is a genus of trilobite that lived from the Early to the Middle Devonian. Its remains have been found in Africa and Europe. Trilobite: Eyewitness
Thysanopeltis
Paleontological discovery in Poland
The Zachelmie trackways are a series of Middle Devonian-age trace fossils in Poland, purportedly the oldest evidence of terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods)
Zachelmie_trackways
Genus of phacopid trilobites
many trilobites of the family Phacopidae they occur throughout the Middle Devonian strata of southern Morocco, what then would have been part of the northern
Morocops
Extinct species of jawless fish
Achanarras Quarry in Scotland, of which the name is derived, dating to the Middle Devonian. The only known species in the genus is Achanarella trewini. Achanarella
Achanarella
Extinct order of molluscs
fauna failed to find reliable occurrences of microconchids in the Middle Devonian to Early Permian time interval because microconchids seem to co-occur
Microconchida
Extinct genus of spore-bearing plants
quillworts. This genus is known in the fossil records from as early as the Middle Devonian or the Late Carboniferous period but dwindled to extinction in the
Sigillaria
Extinct genus of bony fishes
"claw-tooth") is a genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which lived during the Devonian Period (Eifelian - Famennian stages, around 374 to 397 million years ago)
Onychodus
interpreted to represent a fluvial setting. The trackways are late Middle Devonian in age based on a palynological assemblage from the Valentia Slate
Early_tetrapod_trackways
Extinct genus of tetrapodomorphs
extinct genus of freshwater osteolepiform tetrapodomorphs from the middle to late Devonian period. It is the only known member of the family Gyroptychiidae
Gyroptychius
Genus of trilobites
Paralejurus is a genus of trilobite from the Late Silurian to the Middle Devonian of Africa and Europe. These animals, up to nine centimeters long, had
Paralejurus
Extinct genus of trilobites
trilobite in the order Phacopida. They lived from the Late Ordovician to Middle Devonian. It was named for the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Dalman. The
Dalmanites
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period 358.86 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period
Carboniferous
Class of jawed cartilaginous fish
Susan (28 October 2021), "Fossil chondrichthyan remains from the Middle Devonian Kevington Creek Formation, South Blue Range, Victoria" (PDF), in Pradel
Chondrichthyes
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Compare Aduddell.Perhaps an Americanized spelling of German Dittel, from a pet form of a personal name formed with Diet (Germanic theud ‘people’, ‘race’), for example Dietrich.
Female
German
Variant spelling of Low German Maud, MADDE means "mighty in battle."
Male
Hebrew
(גִּדֵּל) Hebrew name GIDDEL means "too great; giant." In the bible, this is the name of the head of a family of temple slaves, and the head of the descendants of Solomon's servants.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a fiddle player or a nickname for a skilled or enthusiastic amateur, from Old English fiðelere ‘fiddler’.German : variant of Fiedler.
Female
Yiddish
(מִירל) Yiddish form of Hebrew Miryam, MIRELE means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."Â
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Madge, MIDGE means "pearl."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from a diminutive of Rudd ‘red’.English : habitational name from a place called Ruddle, near Newnham in Gloucestershire.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire)
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire) : habitational name from Windhill in West Yorkshire or Windle in Lancashire, both named from Old English wind ‘wind’ + hyll ‘hill’, i.e. a mound exposed to fierce gusts. There is a Windhill in Kent (with the same etymology), but this does not appear to have contributed significantly to the modern surname.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : variant of Siddall.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places in West Yorkshire, or minor places in Cheshire, named in Old English as ‘midge glade’, from micg(e) ‘midge’ + lēah ‘wood’; ‘clearing’, ‘glade’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the medieval personal name Hudde (see Hutt 1).
Male
English
Middle English name of uncertain origin, but commonly associated with Latin Milo, MILE means "soldier."Â Compare with another form of Mile.
Female
English
Pet form of French Madeline, MADDIE means "of Magdala."
Surname or Lastname
English (northeastern)
English (northeastern) : variant spelling of Tindall.
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from the Germanic personal name Milo (see Miles 1).English : variant spelling of Mill.Dutch : variant of Miele.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : topographic name from Old English hind ‘female deer’ + Old English dæl ‘valley’.English (Lancashire) : habitational name from a place in the parish of Whalley, Lancashire, so called from the same first element + Old English hyll ‘hill’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Riddle.
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : possibly from the Welsh patronymic ap Ridel ‘son of Ridel’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Beadle.Americanized spelling of German Bittel or its variant Büttel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Kendall.Variant of German Kindel.
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Scarce; Rare
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
A gift or present
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Waring.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Ancients; chiefs.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Red Rose
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Writing; Lord Saraswati; Studious
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Latin
Venerable; Revered
Female
English
Scottish surname transferred to unisex forename use, from the name of a place in Ayrshire, LOGAN means "hollow, lowland."Â
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Small Plant
Boy/Male
British, English
Keeper of the Hedged Enclosure
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
imp. & p. p.
of Riddle
imp. & p. p.
of Muddle
n.
One who piddles.
imp. & p. p.
of Piddle
v. t.
To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as, a house riddled with shot.
v. t.
To play (a tune) on a fiddle.
a.
Being about the middle of the ordinary age of man; between 30 and 50 years old.
n.
A griddle.
v. t.
To mix; to mingle.
a.
The middle part of the day; noon.
v. i.
To play on a fiddle.
n.
One of a middle or intermediate class in some schools and seminaries.
v. i.
To mix; to mingle.
imp. & p. p.
of Meddle
imp. & p. p.
of Fiddle
v. t.
To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel.
n.
A kind of dock (Rumex pulcher) with fiddle-shaped leaves; -- called also fiddle dock.
a.
Equally distant from the extreme either of a number of things or of one thing; mean; medial; as, the middle house in a row; a middle rank or station in life; flowers of middle summer; men of middle age.
n.
One who plays on a fiddle or violin.