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Broadening of moral consideration
Moral circle expansion is an increase over time in the number and type of entities given moral consideration. The general idea of moral inclusion was
Moral_circle_expansion
Societal evolution of ethical standards
understanding of justice. Moral circle expansion is the process of increasing the number and type of entities given moral consideration over time. Social
Moral_progress
2025 book by Jeff Sebo
The Moral Circle: Who Matters, What Matters, and Why is a 2025 book by the American philosopher Jeff Sebo, published by W. W. Norton & Company. The book
The_Moral_Circle
American actress (born 1930)
10, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2016. Moral ("Marnie"), p. 16. McGilligan, pp. 614–15. Spoto (2009), p. 170. Moral ("The Birds"), p. 166. McGilligan, p
Tippi_Hedren
American photographer and musician (1941–1998)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Linda_McCartney
French actress and activist (1934–2025)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Brigitte_Bardot
2024 documentary about the religion and animal rights
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Christspiracy
American media personality (1923–2023)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Bob_Barker
English philosopher and jurist (1748–1832)
Englishman". For Bentham, transparency had moral value. For example, journalism puts power-holders under moral scrutiny. However, Bentham wanted such transparency
Jeremy_Bentham
International day celebrated on October 4
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
World_Animal_Day
Observed annually around the planet on October 1
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
World_Vegetarian_Day
Irish actress and activist (born 1991)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Evanna_Lynch
American nonprofit executive
Earlier in his career, Karnofsky said he subscribed to a consequentialist moral framework that hoped to "give people more power to live the life they want
Holden_Karnofsky
German philosopher (1788–1860)
that the task of ethics is not to prescribe moral actions that ought to be done, but to investigate moral actions. As such, he states that philosophy
Arthur_Schopenhauer
2003 film by Charles Herman-Wurmfeld
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde
Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_&_Blonde
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
List_of_Tiger_King_subjects
Experimental surgery
experimentation, leading to some moral questions about what was acceptable in clinical trials and what was not. An easy solution to the moral problem was to use animals
Vivisection
American comedian and television host (born 1956)
to applaud these attacks; however, he cautioned Israel not to "lose the moral high ground" in the Gaza war. Maher expressed disappointment with former
Bill_Maher
English singer and songwriter (born 1959)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Morrissey
American conservationist (born 1961)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Carole_Baskin
Philosophical and social movement
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio Longtermism Marginal utility Moral circle expansion Psychological barriers to effective altruism Quality-adjusted life
Effective_accelerationism
Australian moral philosopher (born 1946)
Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher who is Emeritus Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University
Peter_Singer
Ability to experience feelings and sensations
or suffering often forms a basis for determining which entities deserve moral consideration, particularly in utilitarianism. The word "sentience" has
Sentience
Veterinary procedure
animal to live with, or when the owner cannot afford the treatment, has a moral objection to the treatment, or is in an area too remote to receive treatment
Animal_euthanasia
South African and Australian writer (born 1940)
composition, pregnant dialogue and analytical brilliance", while focusing on the moral nature of his work. The prize ceremony was held in Stockholm on 10 December
J._M._Coetzee
Criminal proceedings against animals
for an act in most criminal justice systems on the grounds that they lack moral agency. Trial documents, legal treatises and witness accounts shed light
Animal_trial
Indian politician (born 1956)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Maneka_Gandhi
Copyright dispute involving Celebes crested macaques
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Monkey selfie copyright dispute
Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute
Management of farm animals
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Animal_husbandry
2018 Australian film
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Dominion_(2018_film)
American actor (born 1974)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Joaquin_Phoenix
Concept in Catholic theology
Scheler Augustine of Hippo Plato's Symposium Ethics Value theory Moral circle expansion Augustine of Hippo, On Christian Doctrine, Book 1, Chapter 28 Santas
Ordo_amoris
British actress (born 1931)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Virginia_McKenna
American identical twin sister models
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Barbi_Twins
Canadian internet personality (born 1964)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
That_Vegan_Teacher
Worldview that humans are the most important beings
anthropocentrism, often claimed to be constitutive of traditional Western moral thought. Indeed, defenders of anthropocentrism concerned with the ecological
Anthropocentrism
American actress (b. 1959)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Pamelyn_Ferdin
French writer and philosopher (1694–1778)
and political ways of the time; Zadig and others, the received forms of moral and metaphysical orthodoxy; and some were written to deride the Bible. In
Voltaire
Practice of separating calves and mothers
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Cow-calf_separation
American community activist
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Charlotte_Laws
Monument in Novosibirsk, Russia
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Monument to the laboratory mouse
Monument_to_the_laboratory_mouse
Device used by Harry Harlow to study rhesus monkeys
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Pit_of_despair
Indian dancer and choreographer (1904–1986)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Rukmini_Devi_Arundale
Non-usage of animal products
be the baseline for anyone who believes that non-humans have intrinsic moral value. Philosopher Tom Regan, also a rights theorist, argues that animals
Veganism
Any entertainment sport where blood is commonly shed
(marketed by Exidy as "gremlins" in their official literature) generated a moral panic. Contemporary examples such as Street Fighter, Mortal Kombat and Tekken
Blood_sport
Killing of farm animals via blunt force
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Thumping
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Dogs_in_warfare
Facility where animals are slaughtered for meat
bankers, salesmen, aldermen, butchers and local residents against the expansion of the livestock market. The Town Police Clauses Act 1847 created a licensing
Slaughterhouse
State of mattering morally
Moral patienthood (also called moral patience, moral patiency, moral status, and moral considerability) is the state of being eligible for moral consideration
Moral_patienthood
Greek Nazi spy and occultist (1905–1982)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Savitri_Devi
Abstaining from the consumption of meat
of the Tirukkural, particularly couplets 251–260, deals exclusively on moral vegetarianism or veganism. Hemachandra, a 12th-century Jain scholar and
Vegetarianism
Philosophical concept of animals as automata
machine continues to appear in discussions of animal consciousness, the moral status of animals, and the history of theories of mind and mechanism. Brown
Animal_machine
American animal rights organization
testing, basic or applied research, or for education and training—on both moral and practical grounds. Newkirk told the Vogue magazine in 1989 that even
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals
International campaign by animal rights activists
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
World_Day_for_Farmed_Animals
Physical contest involving a matador and a bull
ISBN 978-1-4116-7400-4 Fiske-Harrison, Alexander, "Perhaps bullfighting is not a moral wrong: My talk at the Edinburgh International Book Festival", The Last Arena:
Bullfighting
1975 book by Peter Singer
"sum-rankings" rather than inviolable protection of intrinsic entitlements. The moral philosopher Roger Scruton criticised Singer's works, including Animal Liberation
Animal_Liberation_(book)
Use of a device to remotely catch an animal
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Trapping
Process of segregating organisms in biology
Retrieved February 22, 2020. Brown, Les. 1988. Cruelty to Animals: The Moral Debt. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Clarke, Paul A.B. and Linzey, Andrew
Culling
Philosophical term on species treatment
ecology Ecocentrism Earth jurisprudence Genetic fallacy Humanism Moral circle expansion Sentientism Vegan studies Veganism Wild Law Hopster, Jeroen (1 December
Speciesism
Transplantation of cells or tissue across species
Human Organs and Tissues Act of 1994. Baruah was dismissed in medical circles as a "mad scientist" and the procedure was dubbed a "hoax". Baruah signed
Xenotransplantation
Type of bullfighting
Retrieved 2017-09-06. Fiske-Harrison, Alexander, "Perhaps bullfighting is not a moral wrong: My talk at the Edinburgh International Book Festival", The Last Arena:
Spanish-style_bullfighting
Place where stray and unwanted animals are housed
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Animal_shelter
Philosophical and social movement
Vox. Retrieved January 14, 2022. Sigal, Samuel (April 4, 2019). "Moral circle expansion: should animals, plants, and robots have the same rights as humans
Effective_altruism
Canadian philosopher (born 1962)
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Will_Kymlicka
American philosopher in Left-Kantian tradition
University. Her main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history; the relation of issues in moral philosophy to issues in metaphysics, the philosophy
Christine_Korsgaard
Practice of eating animals that are still alive
B'nei Noach, lit. 'Seven Laws [of the] Children [of] Noah') sets out a moral and religious imperative not to eat of a live animal. The Tosefta contains
Eating_live_animals
British transhumanist philosopher (born 1959)
to transhumanist topics and what he calls the "hedonistic imperative", a moral obligation to work towards the abolition of suffering in all sentient life
David_Pearce_(philosopher)
International trade in primates
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
International_primate_trade
1880s-1890s electric power transmission system dispute
plants below cost pushed forward the idea of this merger in financial circles. Edison hated the idea and tried to hold it off, but Villard thought his
War_of_the_currents
Searching, pursuing, and killing wild animals
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Hunting
Animal rights protest camp in England
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Camp_Beagle
Ritual animal sacrifice in Islam
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Qurban
English philosopher, zoologist, and writer (1940–2023)
welfare-based argument for the existence of (good) zoos". Bostock assigned moral rights to animals as they are conscious beings. He rejected utilitarianism
Stephen_St._C._Bostock
British Vegan Documentary Film
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
I_Could_Never_Go_Vegan
Killing of animals for human food
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Animal_slaughter
Animal being held by humans
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Captivity_(animal)
Treatment of and laws concerning non-human animals in Germany
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Animal welfare and rights in Germany
Animal_welfare_and_rights_in_Germany
Establishment for breeding and raising of crocodilians
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Crocodile_farm
Jewish American author (1903–1991)
his world not only with the egos of his characters, but also from Jewish moral tradition embodied by his father in the stories about Singer's youth. There
Isaac_Bashevis_Singer
Area of applied ethics
of eating meat – Food ethics topic Insects in ethics Moral circle expansion – Broadening of moral consideration Pain in animals Pain in amphibians Pain
Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience
American veterinarian
Understanding Your Dog (1992) Understanding Your Cat (1994) The Boundless Circle: Caring for Creatures and Creation (1996) Concepts in Ethology: Animal Behavior
Michael_W._Fox
Animal slaughter in Islamic law
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Dhabihah
Bears kept in captivity to harvest their bile
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Bile_bear
Ancient Indian principle of nonviolence
6th century BCE. About the 5th century CE, Valluvar emphasized ahimsa and moral vegetarianism as virtues for an individual, which formed the core of his
Ahimsa
French writer and Buddhist monk
Ricard grew up among the personalities and ideas of French intellectual circles. He received a PhD degree in molecular genetics from the Pasteur Institute
Matthieu_Ricard
2005 US documentary film by Shaun Monson
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Earthlings_(film)
2009 documentary film by Louie Psihoyos
Critics Association, Utah Film Critics Association, Florida Film Critics Circle, Houston Film Critics Society, and Denver Film Critics Society), and it
The_Cove_(film)
English novelist and playwright (1867–1933)
the poor and women of all classes. His censure was seen in conservative circles as scandalous, and the author was regarded by some as a traitor to his
John_Galsworthy
Animal rights direct action organization
animals by human beings acting as proxies. He argues that activists have the moral right to engage in acts of sabotage or even violence because animals are
Animal_Liberation_Front
Ritual slaughter of an animal in Jewish law
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Shechita
Method of killing large numbers of livestock via asphyxiation
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Ventilation_shutdown
Human consumption of live aquatic organisms
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Eating_live_seafood
American legal scholar (born 1954)
humanity, merciless about human frailty, and constantly hammering on the moral evils of redistribution, they produced a sense of claustrophobia." Sunstein
Cass_Sunstein
Egyptian environmentalist
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Dina_Zulfikar
Ideology that supports the use and consumption of animal products
having lesser mental capacities and moral standing, and conversely, to attribute lesser mental faculties and moral standing to animals which are eaten
Carnism
US government action against the radical environmental movement
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Green_Scare
Ethical philosophy centered on sentience
living things, both plants and animals, have moral standing". Ethics of uncertain sentience Moral circle expansion Speciesism Veganism Wild animal suffering
Sentientism
American philosopher and academic (born 1947)
suffering for cruelty". Hiding from Humanity extends Nussbaum's work in moral psychology to probe the arguments for including two emotions—shame and disgust—as
Martha_Nussbaum
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
List_of_animal_rights_groups
British animal rights activist, filmmaker and lecturer
interests Intrinsic value Moral circle expansion Painism Personhood Sentientism Speciesism Total liberation Veganism Sentience and moral status Animal consciousness
Ed_Winters
travel, tourism, insurance
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