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Egyptian jurist and theologian (1849–1905)
Muḥammad ʿAbduh (also spelled Mohammed Abduh; Arabic: محمد عبده; 1849 – 11 July 1905) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt
Muhammad_Abduh
Salafi reformist scholar and theologian (1865–1935)
" Rida met Muhammad Abduh, one of the editors of Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa, as an exile in Lebanon in the mid-1880s and quickly came to view Abduh as his mentor
Rashid_Rida
Sharh Nahj al-Balagha (Arabic: شَرْحُ نَهْج البلاغة) is Sheikh Muhammad Abduh's commentary on Sharif Razi's anthology Nahj al-balagha ('Peak of Eloquence')
Sharh_Nahj_al-Balagha
Movement to reconcile Islam with modern values
Rifa'a al-Tahtawi, Muhammad Abduh (former Sheikh of Al-Azhar University), Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani, and South Asian poet Muhammad Iqbal. Since its inception
Islamic_modernism
Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary (1906–1966)
183. Sayyid Qutb... announced his admiration for Ibn Taimiyya and Muhammad 'Abduh in almost all his books. Walker, Simon (2009). Leading with Everything
Sayyid_Qutb
Islamic revolutionary journal (1884)
'The Firmest Bond') was an Islamic revolutionary journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. Despite only running from 13 March 1884
Al-Urwah_al-Wuthqa
Political activist and Islamic ideologist (1838/1839–1897)
to meet a young student who would become a devoted disciple of his, Muhammad Abduh. Once in Istanbul, he met with Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha and
Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
being scripture oriented. Notable forerunners in the movement include Muhammad 'Abduh and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. Abul A'la Maududi helped influence modern
Islam
April 2009 ʿAbduh, Muhammad. "al-Idtihad fi al-Nasraniyya wa al-Islam." In al-A'mal al-Kamila li al-Imam Muhammad ʿAbduh. edited by Muhammad ʿAmara. Cairo:
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam
Mystic practices in Islam
who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muhammad, with the goal of undergoing tazkiyah (self-purification) and the hope
Sufism
Sufi mystic and poet (1207–1273)
support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), commonly known as Rumi, was
Rumi
Pakistani Islamic scholar and former politician (born 1951)
Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri (born 19 February 1951) is a Pakistani–Canadian Islamic scholar and former politician. He is the founder and chief patron of Minhaj-ul-Quran
Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri
Muslim scholar and Shia imam (c.702–765)
Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (Arabic: جعفر ابن محمد الصادق, romanized: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq; c. 702–765) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, hadith
Ja'far_al-Sadiq
Second-largest branch of Islam
second-largest branch of Islam. It is rooted in the belief that the Islamic prophet Muhammad explicitly designated his cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib (r. 656–661)
Shia_Islam
Tunisian Islamic scholar (1879–1973)
result, dismissed from his post. Influenced by a visit to Tunisia by Muhammad Abduh, Ibn Ashur combined knowledge of the classics with a desire to revive
Ibn_Ashur
Muslim scholar, jurist, and traditionist (767–820)
which Muhammad and the Abbasid caliphs belonged. This lineage may have given him prestige, arising from his belonging to the tribe of Muhammad, and his
Al-Shafi'i
Sunni Islamic reformist movement
from European imperialism (led by al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, and Rashid Rida). However, Afghani and Abduh had not self-described as "Salafi" and the usage
Salafi_movement
Early Islamic rationalist theological sect
al-Din al-Afghani was noted for embracing Mu'tazilite views. His student Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) was one of the key founding figures of Islamic Modernism
Mu'tazilism
Largest main branch of Islam
Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr (r
Sunni_Islam
Moroccan politician, writer (1910–1974)
Al-Ṣawm. (Fasting) Al-Īmān 2 (March 1965): 51-54. Al-Shaykh Muḥammad ʿAbduh. (Shaikh Muhammad ʿAbduh) Part 1. Daʿwat al-Ḥaqq 1 (March 1958): 1-9; Part 2. Daʿwat
Allal_al-Fassi
Austro-Hungarian-born Pakistani Muslim polymath (1900–1992)
Muhammad Asad (born Leopold Weiss; 2 July 1900 – 20 February 1992) was an Austro-Hungarian Pakistani Muslim convert and polymath, born in modern day Ukraine
Muhammad_Asad
Fifth of the Twelve Shia Imams
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir (Arabic: محمد بن علي الباقر, romanized: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Bāqir; c. 676 – c. 732) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad_al-Baqir
Shia sect of Islam
walayah, beginning with Ali ibn Abi Talib, whom Shias believe the prophet Muhammad declared his successor as Imam during the latter's final pilgrimage to
Nizari_Isma'ilism
Islamic concept of legal abrogation
having either undergone or effected naskh"). Islamic Modernist mufti Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) also stated "the Quran nowhere announced that verse so-and-so
Naskh_(tafsir)
Movement advocating unity of Muslims under one state
pan-Islamist movement were the triad of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–1897), Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) and Rashid Rida (1865–1935), who were active in anti-colonial
Pan-Islamism
Lebanese intellectual and author
became popular for his magazine, Al Jamiah, and his public debate with Muhammad Abduh over conflicting worldviews. Farah Antun was born in 1874 to a Lebanese
Farah_Antun
Sunni Muslim polymath (c. 1058–1111)
(Persian: ابو حامد محمد ابن محمد غزالی توسی, romanized: Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ghazālī Ṭūsi (c. 1058 – 19 December 1111), Latinized as Algazelus
Al-Ghazali
Approach to Sunni Islamic Law
Al-Qaradawi and Mohammed al-Ghazali drawing on the ideas of Rashid Rida and Muhammad Abduh, maintaining that the essence of Islam while harmonizing contrasts such
Wasatism
Branch of Shia Islam
Isma'ili thought is heavily influenced by Neoplatonism. After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed
Ismailism
Head of the Baháʼí Faith from 1892 to 1921
Beirut, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá would attend Abduh's study sessions. Regarding the meetings of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Muhammad ʻAbduh, Shoghi Effendi asserts that "His
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
revive the ideas of the Muʿtazila school by Islamic scholars such as Muhammad Abduh. Shīʿa Islam is the second-largest denomination of Islam, comprising
Islamic_schools_and_branches
Aspect of Islamic theology concerning the end times and afterlife
being", and not a supernatural subterranean realm. Egyptian modernist Muhammad ʿAbduh, thought it was sufficient to believe in the existence of an afterlife
Islamic_eschatology
Indonesian footballer
Muhammad Abduh Lestaluhu (born 16 October 1993) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Championship club PSIS Semarang.
Abduh_Lestaluhu
Politico-religious ideology
of India was a forerunner of reformist Islamists like Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Asad in his belief that there was "a constant need for
Islamism
Cultural movement in the Arab world (19th–20th centuries)
influenced many, but greatest among his followers is undoubtedly his student Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905), with whom he started a short-lived Islamic revolutionary
Nahda
Mahdist Sufi mystic order
Mahdavism, is an Islamic movement founded by Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri in India in the late 15th century. Syed Muhammad claimed to be Mahdi at the holy city of Mecca
Mahdavi_movement
Men having more than one wife in Islam
Dewedar). Some hold that it should be allowed only in cases of necessity (Muḥammad ʿAbduh). Still others feel it is part of the Islamic marriage system and that
Polygyny_in_Islam
Proselytizing or preaching of Islam
Raji in 625, Muhammad sent some men as missionaries to various different tribes. Some men came to Muhammad and requested that Muhammad send instructors
Dawah
Branch of Shia Islam
successor to Muhammad. After the ascension of Abu Bakr, supporters of Ali (and future Shia) continued to believe only people from Muhammad's family qualify
Zaydism
Sunni revivalist movement in South Asia
Ahmad Gangohi, Muhammad Yaqub Nanawtawi, Rafiuddin Deobandi, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi, Fazlur Rahman Usmani and Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi—to
Deobandi_movement
School of Islamic jurisprudence
fiqh, Shafiʽi recognize the First Four Caliphs as the Islamic prophet Muhammad's rightful successors and relies on the Qurʾān and the "sound" books of
Shafi'i_school
Branch of Shia Islam
appointed as both spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and that they possess special knowledge and authority to guide the Muslim
Twelver_Shi'ism
Early Islamic rebellious sect
Based on a hadith (saying or tradition attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad) prophesying the emergence of 73 sects in Islam, of which one would be
Kharijites
Ethnoreligious group centered in Syria
of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law), Muhammad himself, and Salman al-Farisi, a Persian companion of Muhammad. An important component
Alawites
Sufi tradition
references to the unity of Muhammad and Ali, such as: Ali Muhammed'dir uh dur fah'ad, Muhammad Ali ("Ali is Muhammad, Muhammad is Ali"). The plurality in
Alevism
Alid political and religious leader (c. 637–700)
Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya (Arabic: مُحَمَّد ابْن الْحَنَفِيَّة, romanized: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya, c. 637–700, 15–81 AH) was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib
Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya
Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian (780–855)
Riyadh: Darussalam. ISBN 9960-9715-2-X. OCLC 82191875. Muḥaysin, Muḥammad Muḥammad Muḥammad Sālim (1992). معجم حفاظ القرآن عبر التاريخ [Dictionary of Quran
Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal
[Abduh became] a member of the Council of al-Azhar in 1895 and Chief Mufti (Legal Official) in 1899. von Kügelgen, Anke (2007). "ʿAbduh, Muḥammad". In
Politics_and_Islam
Term for religious struggle in Islam
Peters claimed. Later Islamic scholars like Ibn al-Amir al-San'ani, Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, Ubaidullah Sindhi, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Shibli Nomani, etc
Jihad
School of Islamic jurisprudence
school experienced a great reformation. The Wahhabi movement's founder, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, collaborated with the House of Saud to spread Wahhabi
Hanbali_school
Andalusian Muslim polymath (994–1064)
Hazm's claimed Persian lineage. For example, it was accepted by Muhammad Abu Zahra and Muhammad Abu Laila The scholar Abdelilah Ljamai also argued that a man
Ibn_Hazm
Indian Islamic scholar (1856–1921)
India. The family belonged to the Barech tribe of Pashtuns, his ancestor Muhammad Saeedullah Khan, a warrior who accompanied Nader Shah, having migrated
Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi
Third-largest branch of Islam
will be ruled by the Mahdi, who will be descended from Muhammad's household – Ahl al-Bayt – Muhammad having been a member of the Quraysh tribe.) Rather,
Ibadism
Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian (699–767)
Maturidi school of theology. He left behind two major students, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani, who would later become celebrated jurists in their own right
Abu_Hanifa
as retribution for the distortion of Islam. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, and Mustafa Kamil applied the concept of the Crusade to contemporary
Islamic_views_on_the_crusades
Muslim not readily classified in terms of Islamic school or branch
Hali Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Kassim Ahmad Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Akram Khan Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Iqbal Aga Khan III Faisal I of Iraq Ghulam
Non-denominational_Muslim
Retracted false revelation in Islamic tradition
rejection are found in Muhammad Abduh's article "Mas'alat al-gharānīq wa-tafsīr al-āyāt",[year needed] Muhammad Husayn Haykal's Hayat Muhammad (1933), Sayyid
Satanic_Verses
School of Islamic jurisprudence
a student of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and 6th Imam), as with Imam Abu Hanifah. Thus all of the four great Imams
Maliki_school
Turkish scholar, theologian and dissident (1941–2024)
courses. If he hits once, she should hit him twice". He also stated "Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessing be upon him) and his companions never beat their wives"
Fethullah_Gülen
Sevener Ismaili Shia group
accepted his death and therefore accordingly recognized Isma'il's eldest son, Muhammad ibn Isma'il (746–809), as Imam. He remained in contact with the Mubarakiyyah
Qarmatians
Islamic scholar and jurist (1263–1328)
both his contemporaries and in later centuries. Syrian Salafi theologian Muhammad Rashid Rida, one of the major modern proponents of Ibn Taymiyya's works
Ibn_Taymiyya
Great-grandson of Muhammad and fourth Shia Imam (659–713)
'ornament of worshippers') was the great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the fourth Imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Husayn ibn Ali
Ali_al-Sajjad
Country in North Africa
early 20th centuries through the work of people like Muhammad Abduh, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, Tawfiq el-Hakim, Louis Awad, Qasim Amin
Egypt
Egyptian academic (1801–1873)
19th-century Egypt. His works influenced those of many later scholars such as Muhammad Abduh. Tahtawi was born in 1801 in the village of Tahta, Sohag, the same year
Rifa'a_at-Tahtawi
Muslim scholar (1866–1914)
regarded as part of the generation of Muslim reformers influenced by Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. al-Qasimi lived in Damascus under Ottoman era between
Jamal_al-Din_al-Qasimi
religious meaning of leadership in the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad. The Arabic word imamah derives from the root related to "to lead" or "to
Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine
School of theology in Sunni Islam
since they believe that their realities should be consigned to God and Muhammad alone (tafwid). In essence, they assert that the literal meaning of the
Atharism
South Asian Islamic scholar, Founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (1903–1979)
Pakistan an Islamic state. They are thought to have helped influence General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq to introduce the Islamisation in Pakistan, and to have been
Abul_A'la_Maududi
View seeing the Quran as sole source of faith
accusations of Western Orientalists. At the same time as Syed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad ʿAbduh (d. 1905) began to cautiously criticise Hadiths in Egypt. He considered
Quranism
Angels who torture sinners in hell according to Islam
bağlamında Mi ‘râç motifi ve Türkiye kültür tarihine yansımaları." (2015). Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2017). "Hadits Arbain #02: Cakupan Rukun Iman" [Forty Hadith
Zabaniyah
Topics referred to by the same term
Assembly delegation from Bauchi Mohammed Abdu (born 1949), Saudi singer Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905), Egyptian jurist and theologian Mohamed Abdou, Egyptian
Muhammad_Abdu
Islamic Sufi syncretic and mystic order
Shi'ism—including veneration of Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the Twelve Imams—as well as a variety of syncretic beliefs. The Bektashis
Bektashism
Legal school in Sunni Islam
of ḥadīth literature; the consensus (ijmāʿ) of the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (ṣaḥāba) excluding the scholars, for sources of Islamic
Zahiri_school
Public university in Cairo, Egypt
in the early 20th century, enlightened Modernist thinkers such as Muhammad Abduh led a reform of the curriculum, reintroducing a desire for legal reform
Al-Azhar_University
Iraqi Islamic scholar (1935–1980)
Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (Arabic: محمد باقر الصدر, romanized: Muḥammad Bāqir aṣ-Ṣadr; March 1, 1935 – April 9, 1980), also known as al-Shahid al-Khamis (Arabic:
Muhammad_Baqir_al-Sadr
Eschatalogical concept in Islam
associated with it are detailed in the Quran and the Hadith (sayings of Muhammad); these have been elaborated on in creeds, Quranic commentaries (tafsịrs)
Judgement_Day_in_Islam
Muslim scholar and namesake of the Maliki school (711–795)
tradition. According to classical Sunni tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad foretold the birth of Malik, saying: "Very soon will people beat the flanks
Malik_ibn_Anas
Concept in Ismaili theology
before Imam Ja'far, he had passed on the mantle of the imamate to his son Muhammad ibn Isma'il as the next imam. According to some early Isma'ilis, the Seveners
Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine
Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician and physician (c. 801–873)
Kinda, descended from the chieftain al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, a contemporary of Muhammad. His was among the most prominent families of the tribal nobility of Kufa
Al-Kindi
Sunni school of Islamic theology
descendant of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, which belonged to the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (sahaba). As a young man, he studied under al-Jubba'i
Ash'arism
Beautiful woman in Paradise in Islamic belief
counterparts, remain eternally young in paradise. Modernist scholar Muḥammad ʿAbduh states "the women of the Garden are the good believers [al-mu'mināt
Houri
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
One of the most influential liberal Islamic thinkers of the time was Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905), Egypt's senior judicial authority—its chief mufti—at the
Translation
Indian Naqshbandi Sufi (1564–1624)
education from his father, 'Abd al-Ahad, his brother, Muhammad Sadiq and from a Lahore-based scholar Muhammad Tahir al-Lahuri. He also memorised the Qur'an.
Ahmad_Sirhindi
Alevi militant groups
incorporates some Qarmatian thoughts, originally introduced by Abu’l-Khāttāb Muhammad ibn Abu Zaynab al-Asadī, and later developed by Maymun al-Qāddāh and his
Qizilbash
Indonesian scholar (1840–1909)
rejecting the bond 'taqlid', he was more likely inclined to the beliefs of Muhammad Abduh. Amrullah has married a total of eight times and have 46 children. His
Muhammad_Amrullah
Study of Islamic doctrines
187. ISBN 978-1-58477-858-5. Walid ibn Muhammad Nabih ibn Sayf an-Nashr (1996). ibn 'Ied al-Abbasi, Muhammad (ed.). أصول السنة [Principle of Sunnah]
Kalam
Egyptian Muslim theologian (died 1935)
of the Islamic Reform movement led by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad 'Abduh. He was also known as a devout scholar who chose to lose his position
Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti'i
Egyptian Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh (1849–1905), a follower of al-Afghani. A gifted teacher, he eventually became the Mufti of Egypt. 'Abduh cultivated reason
History of Tunisia under French rule
History_of_Tunisia_under_French_rule
Opposition to Freemasonry
Ishaq, Tawfiq Pasha, and the influential Islamic jurist and theologian Muhammad 'Abduh. Many contemporary Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied
Anti-Masonry
Islamic law
thought came from the work of the Egyptian Islamic scholar Muhammad ʿAbduh (1849–1905). Abduh viewed only Sharia rules pertaining to religious rituals as
Sharia
Islamic term for denominational practice or theology
aqidah. Khalq Afʿāl al-ʿIbād ("The Creation of the Acts of Servants") by Muhammad al-Bukhari. It shows the opinion of early scholars (Salaf) but it does
Aqidah
Egyptian author and journalist (1858–1930)
The two went to Paris in 1884 and helped Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Afghānī and Muḥammad ʿAbduh with the publication of the anti-colonial Islamic revolutionary journal
Muhammad_al-Muwaylihi
Branch of Musta'li Isma'ilism
(680–713) Muhammad al-Baqir (713–733) Ja'far al-Sadiq (733–765) Isma'il ibn Ja'far (765–775) Muhammad ibn Isma'il (775–813) Abadullah ibn Muhammad (Ahmad
Hafizi_Isma'ilism
Egyptian Supreme Court justice (1932–2013)
Rifa'a el-Tahtawi Jamal-al-Din Afghani Muhammad Abduh Qasim Amin Gamal al-Banna Farag Foda Ahmed Subhy Mansour ""Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi and the Application
Muhammad_Sa'id_al-Ashmawi
Set of theological beliefs in the Islamic faith
related to the religious thought of late antiquity and through its prophet Muhammad presents a coherent vision of the creator, the cosmos and man. The main
Schools_of_Islamic_theology
Arabic writer (776–869)
analyses of their ecosystems and behaviors. It was composed in honour of Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Mālik al-Zayyāt, who paid him five thousand gold coins. The
Al-Jahiz
Family of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith
"Succession and renewal". Islam and the Baha'i Faith: A Comparative Study of Muhammad Abduh and Abdul-Baha Abbas. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77441-3. Smith, Peter
Baháʼu'lláh's_family
Persian Isma'ili missionary and founder of the Druze faith
Muhammad—to create religious law (sharīʿa) in order to punish mankind. In a sharp break with both Sunni and Shi'a doctrine, Hamza considered Muhammad
Hamza_ibn_Ali
Collection of Islamic sayings
first Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The compilation of the book is often credited to Sharif al-Radi (d. 1015)
Nahj_al-balagha
First chapter of the Qur'an
the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammad 'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's
Al-Fatiha
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