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1987 arms control understanding among 35 nations including the G7
The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states
Missile Technology Control Regime
Missile_Technology_Control_Regime
International arms and weapons control agreement
A multilateral export control regime is an informal group of like-minded supplier countries that seek to contribute to the non-proliferation of weapons
Multilateral export control regime
Multilateral_export_control_regime
Cold War embargo of Eastern Bloc states
Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was established in 1949 at the beginning of the Cold War to coordinate controls on exports from Western
Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
Coordinating_Committee_for_Multilateral_Export_Controls
Legislation regulating the export of harmful items
Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was founded in 1948, and continued until 1994. It was an early Multilateral export control regime. In most
Export_control
1996 multilateral export control regime
Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies, also known simply as the Wassenaar Arrangement, is a multilateral export control
Wassenaar_Arrangement
Multilateral export control regime
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to contribute to the non-proliferation
Nuclear_Suppliers_Group
Multilateral export control regime established in 1985
The Australia Group (AG) is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established
Australia_Group
Semi-automatic rifle
series takes its name from the 1996 Wassenaar Arrangement, a multilateral export control regime to monitor and limit the proliferation of certain conventional
WASR-series_rifles
Pathogen that can be weaponized
formal verification regime to monitor compliance. In 1985, the Australia Group was established, a multilateral export control regime of 43 countries aiming
Biological_agent
International agreement on the nuclear program of Iran
Gap in the Global Sanctions Regime: Assessing Causes, Effects, and Solutions". Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations
Iran_nuclear_deal
2019–2023 trade war
and South Korean membership in the Multilateral export control regime, a US-led informal import and export control system of strategic goods created in
Japan–South Korea trade dispute
Japan–South_Korea_trade_dispute
Laws or policies that regulate firearms
continents found that a major distinction between different national gun control regimes is whether civilian gun ownership is seen as a right or a privilege
Gun_control
Term for international restriction of weapons
Arms industry Arms trafficking Disarmament Export control Guns versus butter model List of chemical arms control agreements List of weapons of mass destruction
Arms_control
Use of strategically designed biological weapons
formal verification regime to monitor compliance. In 1985, the Australia Group was established, a multilateral export control regime of 43 countries aiming
Biological_warfare
International treaties concerning Antarctica
treaty International Seabed Authority Montreal Protocol Moon Treaty Multilateral treaty National Antarctic Program Category: Outposts of Antarctica Research
Antarctic_Treaty_System
1995 international treaty
members not to develop, manufacture or otherwise acquire, possess or have control over nuclear weapons. The Zone is the area comprising the territories of
Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
Southeast_Asian_Nuclear-Weapon-Free_Zone_Treaty
Arms control treaty
explosive weapons. Each party is responsible for the territory in their control after a conflict. The protocol does not apply to mines and other weapons
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons
Treaty-defined zone in which nuclear weapons are prohibited
manufacturing, control, possession, testing, or stationing of nuclear weapons in a given area, that has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce
Nuclear-weapon-free_zone
Intergovernmental organization for nuclear-test banning
based in Vienna, Austria, that is tasked with building up the verification regime of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The organization
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
Preparatory_Commission_for_the_Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty_Organization
International treaty
ratified the convention. One state has withdrawn from the convention: Arms control Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Handicap International Human
Convention on Cluster Munitions
Convention_on_Cluster_Munitions
International treaty
nonproliferation regime and make it difficult for states to acquire the capability to produce nuclear weapons, including the export controls of the Nuclear
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons
1996 treaty banning all nuclear weapons testing
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty
Arms control agreement
on 1 June 2016. While the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) has a similar mission, it is an export group with only 35 members. Since the signing
International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation
International_Code_of_Conduct_against_Ballistic_Missile_Proliferation
Act of eliminating nuclear weapons
commitments from the other key nuclear weapons countries to participate in multilateral negotiations for phased reductions of nuclear arsenals. Global Zero works
Nuclear_disarmament
Office of the United Nations Secretariat
substantive servicing to the Conference on Disarmament (CD), the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community. The WMD
United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs
Goods produced in one country that are sold to another country
E-commerce Embargo Export-oriented industrialization Export control Export performance Export promotion Export strategy Export subsidy Export Yellow Pages Free
Export
Temporary halt to the trade of weapons punished by sanctions
Uzbekistan (by EU), 2005–2009 Vietnam (by US) 1984–1995 Arms control Arms Export Control Act (United States) Arms industry "Remarks of SRSG Ghassan Salamé
Arms_embargo
British organisation advocating unilateral nuclear disarmament
Common Peace Camp), the Conservative Party's Campaign for Defence and Multilateral Disarmament, the Coalition for Peace through Security, the Foreign Affairs
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament
later utilized in different disarmament contexts. In 1974, a multilateral export control regime — the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) was created as a successor
Swedish nuclear weapons program
Swedish_nuclear_weapons_program
Nuclear weapons security pact
the forefront of international efforts to control proliferation, and to make progress towards multilateral nuclear disarmament. The UK-USA Mutual Defence
US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement
US–UK_Mutual_Defence_Agreement
1997 anti-personnel landmine ban treaty
non-governmental organizations, and instead of working within existing multilateral frameworks, including the Conference on Disarmament, based at the UN
Ottawa_Treaty
US-Soviet/Russian treaty (1987–2019)
in the broader context of the gradual erosion of the strategic arms control regime that started with the US withdrawal from the ABM Treaty in 2002 amidst
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty
2006 treaty by five countries
(November 2007). "Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (NWFZ) At a Glance". Arms Control Association. Archived from the original on 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2007-11-29
Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone
Central_Asian_Nuclear_Weapon_Free_Zone
Two conferences between the United States and Soviet Union involving arms control
Limitation Talks (SALT II) | Treaties & Regimes | NTI". www.nti.org. Retrieved March 23, 2017. Ambrose, Matthew, The Control Agenda: A History of the Strategic
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks
Treaty against nuclear weapons in the South Pacific
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
Treaty_of_Rarotonga
Three international drug control treaties
influence over the shape of the international drug control regime." The efforts of US drug control commissioner Harry Anslinger and his Canadian counterpart
International drug control conventions
International_drug_control_conventions
Anti–nuclear power organization
surveys in India and challenging Australia's plans to expand its uranium export industry. In 2010, the federation's international council passed a resolution
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War
Yielded international treaties and declarations on the laws of war
ratified" them. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 were the first multilateral treaties that addressed the conduct of warfare and were largely based
Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907
Spread of nuclear weapons
Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) confirmed that he had control over the import-export deals, and his acquisition activities were largely unsupervised
Nuclear_proliferation
Basis of international space law
multilateral initiatives in space, such as the International Space Station and the Artemis Program. OST was also one of several nuclear arms control treaties
Outer_Space_Treaty
International nuclear export control group
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards must be applied to nuclear exports. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to provide: (a) source or
Zangger_Committee
1943 US–UK nuclear weapons agreement
American Manhattan Project, and created the Combined Policy Committee to control the joint project. Although Canada was not a signatory, the Agreement provided
Quebec_Agreement
1962 Treaty between The U.S. and United Kingdom
Skybolt, and the US was not inclined to provide them except as part of a Multilateral Force within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Under the
Nassau_Agreement
Intergovernmental organisation
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)". Nuclear Threat Initiative - Treaties & Regimes. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons
Act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons, usually on a national scale
University Press political dictionary, "But confidence in such measures of arms control, especially when unaccompanied by extensive means of verification, has
Disarmament
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
and Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) further weakening the Assad regime's territorial control. However, the Ba'athist government maintained presence and a
Ba'athist_Syria
Treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom
would only supply it on condition that it be used as part of a proposed Multilateral Force (MLF). Kennedy ultimately relented, and agreed to supply Britain
Polaris_Sales_Agreement
1991 Soviet Union–United States arms control treaty
with 10,000 strategic warheads on both sides. The verification regimes in arms control treaties contain many tools to hold parties accountable for their
START_I
state-of-the-art facility, monitored by the IAEA, to begin a new export control regime in place, because it has not proliferated the nuclear technology
India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement
India–United_States_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement
Legally binding international agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons
by most states. She argued that nuclear-weapon states were blocking multilateral disarmament negotiations and instead were modernizing their nuclear forces
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons
1967 nuclear weapons treaty
Declaration on 29 April 1963, announcing their intent to undertake a multilateral Latin American nuclear agreement. The presentation of the Joint Declaration
Treaty_of_Tlatelolco
Technology that can be used for both peaceful and military purposes
In politics, diplomacy and export control, dual-use items refer to equipment, machines, goods and technology (both hardware and software) that can be used
Dual-use_technology
1990 German reunification agreement
Forces in Europe and in 1991 the Energy Charter Treaty, establishing a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the energy industry, principally
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany
1963 international agreement
official yield of 13 kilotons). As a result, the Geneva detection regime and the number of control posts would have to be significantly expanded, including new
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty
2011–2026 US-Russian arms control treaty
robust verification regime. Delegations from both the US and Russia met in Geneva in July 2019 to begin discussions on arms control, including how to include
New_START
Organization
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone
1972 arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union
Missile Treaty, also known as the ABM Treaty or ABMT, was a 1972 arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation
Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty
United Nations regional office in Nepal
member states in the Asia-Pacific region on issues of disarmament, arms control, non-proliferation, and related capacity-building efforts. It assists countries
United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific
United_Nations_Regional_Centre_for_Peace_and_Disarmament_in_Asia_and_the_Pacific
development, manufacture, stockpiling, acquisition, testing, possession, control or stationing of nuclear explosive devices in the territory of parties
African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
African_Nuclear-Weapon-Free_Zone_Treaty
Common market of post-Soviet states
particular blend of 'à la carte multilateralism' and multiple bilateralism. "Both the bilateral and the multilateral regimes have undergone significant (often
Common Economic Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Common_Economic_Space_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States
Other types of trade barriers
negotiations with exporting country; or bilateral or multilateral, when they are imposed after negotiations and agreements. An export quota is a limit
Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade
1971 international agreement limiting nuclear weapons on the sea floor
on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union (now Russia), United
Seabed_Arms_Control_Treaty
Proposed international treaty
September 1993 speech before the UN, President Clinton called for a multilateral convention banning the production of fissile materials for nuclear explosives
Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Fissile_Material_Cut-off_Treaty
Chemical and biological warfare treaty
2021. Beard, J. (2007). "The Shortcomings of Indeterminacy in Arms Control Regimes: The Case of the Biological Weapons Convention". American Journal of
Geneva_Protocol
United Nations regional office in Peru
in Latin America and the Caribbean in the fields of disarmament, arms control, non-proliferation and related development issues. UNLIREC was established
United_Nations_Regional_Centre_for_Peace,_Disarmament_and_Development_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean
2005 United Nations treaty
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
Nuclear_Terrorism_Convention
United Nations regional office in Togo
mandated to support member states in Africa on issues of disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation. It assists African countries in promoting peace
United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa
United_Nations_Regional_Centre_for_Peace_and_Disarmament_in_Africa
Multilateral treaty prohibiting the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons
identify exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons 1990 US-Soviet Arms Control Agreement
Chemical_Weapons_Convention
1993 nuclear arms reduction treaty between the US and Russia
Eurasia", The Military Balance 114, Nr. 1 (1. Januar 2014): 180f. Arms Control Association factsheet on START II U.S./ Russian Treaties and Agreements
START_II
1975 treaty that comprehensively bans biological weapons
Destruction. Having entered into force on 26 March 1975, the BWC was the first multilateral disarmament treaty to ban the production of an entire category of weapons
Biological_Weapons_Convention
Trade restrictions levied by the United States government
Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), while export controls are primarily administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce's
United States government sanctions
United_States_government_sanctions
1675 treaty banning the use of chemical weapons
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
Strasbourg_Agreement_(1675)
2002 nuclear disarmament treaty between the U.S. and Russia
Sheet: Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT)". Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Retrieved 21 June 2025. START1 treaty hypertext
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty
1980 treaty
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Convention_on_the_Physical_Protection_of_Nuclear_Material
operate for almost half a century as a semi-institutionalized multilateral treaty regime on a provisional basis. Eight rounds of negotiations occurred
History of the World Trade Organization
History_of_the_World_Trade_Organization
United States law preventing export of military technologies
arms export controls that reflected those imposed on Eastern Bloc countries by the multilateral Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. U
International Traffic in Arms Regulations
International_Traffic_in_Arms_Regulations
US–Soviet chemical weapons destruction treaty
Non-production of Chemical Weapons and on Measures to Facilitate the Multilateral Convention on Banning Chemical Weapons". This pact was signed during
1990_Chemical_Weapons_Accord
International petroleum organization
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an intergovernmental cartel enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing
OPEC
1961 accords between the United States and Soviet Union
nuclear and general and complete disarmament under effective international control. Effectively aiming at abolishing war as an institution, it was unanimously
McCloy–Zorin_Accords
Return of nuclear weapons risk in global security
Institute reports a "dangerous new nuclear arms race" amid weakening arms control regimes. Total number of nuclear weapons remain around 12,000 warheads (about
Nuclear_weapons_resurgence
International treaty regulating arms trade (2014 - onwards)
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons. It entered into force on 24 December
Arms_Trade_Treaty
Bilateral relations
global governance institutions. India’s admission into major multilateral export control regimes, along with U.S. backing for its entry into the Nuclear Suppliers
India–United_States_relations
Markets of authorized and illicit small arms and light weapons
dropped off the list because its exports fell from $132 million in 2010 to $44 million in 2011. In addition, massive exports of small arms by the U.S. (M16)
Small_arms_trade
2004 resolution on non-proliferation of WMDs
delivery such as the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Up to the adoption of the resolution export control measures related to means of delivery
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1540
Laws relating to encryption
Committee for Multilateral Export Controls), which in 1989 "decontrolled password and authentication-only cryptography." Import controls, which is the
Cryptography_law
Monetary policy relating to currency exchange rates
exchange rate regime is very hard to calculate. However, there are clear distributional consequences to the exchange rate regime. Export- and import-competing
Exchange_rate_regime
Imagined society with no nuclear weapons
weapons Treaties & regimes ATT · CCW · HCOC · CCM · Ottawa Treaty · Multilateral export control regime · Missile Technology Control Regime · Wassenaar Arrangement ·
Nuclear_weapons_free_world
monetary union is also a free trade area, and there are several fully multilateral free trade agreements not included below. List of agreements between
List of bilateral free trade agreements
List_of_bilateral_free_trade_agreements
Former system of textile export quotas
while multilateral agreements involve three or more countries, and are more challenging to negotiate. FTAs play a pivotal role in fostering export growth
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
Agreement_on_Textiles_and_Clothing
Group of the Australian Department of Defence
of mass destruction through participation in multilateral non-proliferation and export control regimes. The Defence Capability and Innovation Branch
Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group
Defence_Strategic_Policy_and_Intelligence_Group
Restrictions limiting international trade
protectionism, but post-WWII there was a near-universal commitment to multilateralism and the creation of international organizations that led to lower tariffs
Trade_barrier
Intergovernmental organization
their governments could meet annually at formal summits and coordinate multilateral policies. South Africa joined the organization in September 2010, which
BRICS
Romanian state from 1947 to 1989
in whole or in part, with the stated goal of turning Romania into a "multilaterally developed socialist society". The policy largely consisted in the mass
Socialist_Republic_of_Romania
Country in West Asia
Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), took control of Aleppo in a lightning offensive, prompting a retaliatory airstrike campaign by Syrian regime forces, supported by Russian
Syria
Money held by a central bank to pay debts, if needed
currency regimes operate on such a simplistic level, and numerous other factors (domestic demand, production and productivity, imports and exports, relative
Foreign_exchange_reserves
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
condition for regime change. The US conducted an attack on Kharg Island, a key oil export hub home to 90 percent of Iran's oil exports. Over 90 military
2026_Iran_war
This is a list of multilateral treaties entered into by Australia before 1975. Treaties prior to federation signed by the British Empire, adopted by Australia
List of Australian multilateral treaties (before 1975)
List_of_Australian_multilateral_treaties_(before_1975)
Measures taken to regulate the movement of goods and people across borders
sought to leverage the physical environment as part of state regimes of border control premised on the logic of deterrence. Soto, Gabriella (September
Border_control
Tariff to equalise externality costs
implemented in the past, in part, because they were not sanctioned by multilateral trade regimes such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and within the General
Eco-tariff
1964–1985 military regime in Brazil
against the regime. While combating "hardliners" inside the government and supporting a redemocratization policy, Figueiredo could not control the crumbling
Military dictatorship in Brazil
Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil
travel, tourism, insurance
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
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MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
MULTILATERAL EXPORT-CONTROL-REGIME
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