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Data communications modulation protocol
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the
Frequency-shift_keying
Data communications modulation protocol
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) is a variation of frequency-shift keying (FSK) that uses more than two frequencies. MFSK is a form of M-ary orthogonal
Multiple frequency-shift keying
Multiple_frequency-shift_keying
Type of data encoding
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The
Phase-shift_keying
Amateur telecommunications protocol
Olivia MFSK is an amateur radioteletype protocol, using multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) and designed to work in difficult (low signal-to-noise
Olivia_MFSK
PSK63 63-baud quadrature phase shift keying: QPSK63 Frequency-shift keying: Radioteletype (RTTY) Frequency-shift keying Spread spectrum, which may be analog
List_of_amateur_radio_modes
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
π/4–QPSK Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) Multi-frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK) Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling
Signal_modulation
Software
especially optimized for the 6-meter band. The mode also employs multiple frequency-shift keying, but at 44 tones. One of the tones is a synchronization tone
WSJT_(amateur_radio_software)
Topics referred to by the same term
champagne A form of data transmission by shortwave radio using multiple frequency-shift keying Piccolo protein (presynaptic cytomatrix protein), PCLO A medium-sized
Piccolo_(disambiguation)
Wireless technique of sending and receiving messages through water
and pulse-position modulation (FPPM and PPM) Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) Continuous Phase
Underwater acoustic communication
Underwater_acoustic_communication
Use of light in the visible spectrum as a telecommunication medium
link. Possible techniques are amplitude-shift keying (ASK), phase-shift keying (PSK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK). Out of these three, FSK is capable
Visible_light_communication
Topics referred to by the same term
Coquelet may refer to: Coquelet, a type of multiple frequency-shift keying signal Coquelet, another name for a poussin (chicken) This disambiguation page
Coquelet
Channel access method used by various radio communication technologies
the large path loss and Doppler shift caused by satellite motion. CDMA is often used with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) in its simplest form, but
Code-division_multiple_access
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
Discrete multi-tone modulation modes such as Multi Tone 63 (MT63) Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) modes: JS8Call Olivia MFSK WSJT software modes: FSK441
Amateur_radio
Very minimum shift keying, or VMSK, modulation, is one of several ultra-narrow-band modulation (UNBM) methods indeterminately claimed to send high-speed
Very_minimum_shift_keying
Type of shift register in computing
transmitter DCF77 using a pseudo-random phase-shift keying of the carrier (PDF). 2nd European Frequency and Time Forum. Neuchâtel. pp. 351–364. Retrieved
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Simple and widely known encryption technique
a left shift of 3 places, equivalent to a right shift of 23 (the shift parameter is used as the key): When encrypting, a person looks up each letter
Caesar_cipher
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
modulation scheme (such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase-shift keying) at a low symbol rate. This maintains total data rates similar to conventional
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
De facto standard in radio communications
transceivers. The modulation method is 8ary Frequency Shift Keying or 8FSK, also sometimes called Multi Frequency Shift Keying MFSK, with eight orthogonal tones
Automatic_link_establishment
Type of radioteletype mode
traditional frequency-shift keying, the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts). PSK31 was
PSK31
Telecommunication signaling system
function that is performed in the United States by Bell 202 modulated frequency-shift keying (FSK) signaling. DTMF was originally decoded by tuned electrical
DTMF_signaling
Pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions
intensity, pulse duration, or pulse frequency can be varied to determine dose-response functions ICSS responding using curve-shift analysis. This approach generally
Brain_stimulation_reward
Arrangement of keys on a typographic keyboard
and comma symbols share a key, requiring the shift key to be held to produce a comma, despite the high relative frequency of commas in the language.
Keyboard_layout
Radio transmission using wavelengths above 1000 m
also broadcast a low bit-rate data channel, using narrow-shift phase-shift keying of the carrier, for Radio Teleswitch Services. Because long-wave signals
Longwave
Abrupt changes in structure and function of systems
regime shifts in the ocean or the stability of food webs) and continuing to inspire new research. Regime shift research is occurring across multiple ecosystems
Regime_shift
American satellite family
channel using Frequency-division multiplexing/Frequency Modulation (FDM/FM), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK), Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK),
Initial Defense Communications Satellite Program
Initial_Defense_Communications_Satellite_Program
Software-defined radio
amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), continuous phase modulation (CPM), gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)
AN/PRC-117
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
in a practical frequency mixer. Mixers are widely used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as heterodyning, for convenience
Frequency_mixer
Wave with frequency an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
sinusoidal wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal. The fundamental frequency is also called
Harmonic
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
column's letter frequencies to shifted plaintext frequencies to discover the key letter (Caesar shift) for that column. Once every letter in the key is known
Vigenère_cipher
Signal representation
varying inputs using terms such as bandwidth, frequency response, gain, phase shift, resonant frequencies, time constant, resonance width, damping factor
Frequency_domain
Radio hardware tool
an ADC. It can process various modulations such as on–off keying (OOK), amplitude-shift keying (ASK), etc. The FPGA works in two ways: as reader generating
Proxmark3
Classification of radio frequency signals
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) telegraphy, such as RTTY. F1C High frequency Radiofax F2D Data transmission by frequency modulation of a radio frequency
Types_of_radio_emissions
Optical transceiver that uses coherent modulation
modulations that are used include Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM-16. These modules put
Coherent_optical_module
Telecommunications coding technique
pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), zero phase shift in phase-shift keying (PSK), or mid-frequency in frequency-shift keying (FSK). That zero condition is typically
Non-return-to-zero
Improved version of VHS
by using a high carrier frequency of 3 MHz for the digital audio with O-QDPSK (Offset Quadrature Differential Phase Shift Keying) modulation and PCM encoding
S-VHS
Method of combining multiple signals into one signal over a shared medium
demultiplexed. Other widely used multiple access techniques are time-division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency-division multiple access (FDMA). Code-division
Multiplexing
American longwave time signal radio station
transmitting a 0.5 kW ERP signal on 20 kHz the following month, using frequency-shift keying, shifting from 20 kHz to 26 kHz, to send data. The WWVL broadcast was
WWVB
Modulation technique to reduce signal interference
spoofing Complementary code keying Frequency-hopping spread spectrum Linear-feedback shift register Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Torrieri
Direct-sequence spread spectrum
Direct-sequence_spread_spectrum
Data network that uses electrical wiring
France (EDF) prototyped and standardized a system called spread frequency shift keying or S-FSK. (See IEC 61334) It is now a simple, low-cost system with
Power-line_communication
Relativistic effect due to rotation
inside the enclosed area. The phase shift of the interference fringes is proportional to the platform's angular frequency ω {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega
Sagnac_effect
Wireless data link used by aviation
wide VHF channel of a modulation scheme called Differential 8-Phase-shift keying (D8PSK modulation) with a symbol rate of 10,500 symbols per second. The
VHF_Data_Link
Keyboard design
The thumb-shift keyboard (親指シフト, oyayubi shifuto) is a keyboard design for inputting Japanese sentences on word processors and computers. It was invented
Thumb-shift_keyboard
Electronic control system
of frequency-shift keying (FSK): In digital data communication and computer peripherals, binary data is transmitted by means of a carrier frequency which
Phase-locked_loop
Signal processing technique in telecommunications
example of frequency-division multiplexing is radio and television broadcasting, in which multiple radio signals at different frequencies pass through
Frequency-division multiplexing
Frequency-division_multiplexing
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
force or vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximum
Resonance
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
keying, the simplest form of amplitude-shift keying, in which ones and zeros are represented by the presence or absence of a carrier. On–off keying is
Amplitude_modulation
Changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch
harmonic frequencies that determine the sound's timbre, unlike the frequency shift performed by amplitude modulation, which adds a fixed frequency offset
Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling
Graph of the frequency response of a control system
expressing the phase shift. As originally conceived by Hendrik Wade Bode in the 1930s, the plot is an asymptotic approximation of the frequency response, using
Bode_plot
Radio standard
and UHF (406-512 MHz) bands. Data is transmitted using 4-level frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation. NXDN uses the AMBE+2 vocoder (codec) for digital
NXDN
– Code-division multiple access – Code word – Coherence length – Coherence time – Coherence – Coherent differential phase-shift keying – Coherer – Coilgun
Index_of_electronics_articles
German longwave time signal radio station
transmitter DCF77 using a pseudo-random phase-shift keying of the carrier (PDF). 2nd European Frequency and Time Forum. Neuchâtel. pp. 351–364. Retrieved
DCF77
Radio linked electromechanical communications system
the other High Frequency (HF) amateur radio bands was initially accomplished using make and break keying since frequency shift keying (FSK) was not yet
Radioteletype
Signals broadcast by GPS satellites
using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). Only a limited number of central frequencies are used. Satellites using the same frequency are distinguished by
GPS_signals
International standard for passive RFID item level identification
encoded using MFM and modulated onto the subcarrier as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). To ensure that tags replying on different channels are simultaneously
ISO/IEC_18000-3
Frequency swept signal
A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time. In some sources, the term chirp is used interchangeably
Chirp
standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each divided into a multitude of frequency channels numbered at 5 MHz spacing
List_of_WLAN_channels
Frequency shift keying digital mode
FT8 (short for Franke–Taylor design, 8-FSK modulation) is a frequency shift keying digital mode of radio communication used by amateur radio operators
FT8
Cryptographic cipher
since they have the highest frequencies. Pigpen Cipher Polyalphabetic Ciphers - Similar to polyphonic ciphers, these use multiple alphabets to encrypt messages
Aristocrat_Cipher
Type of adjustable-speed drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable
Variable-frequency_drive
Object detection system using radio waves
frequency shift for active radar is as follows, where F D {\displaystyle F_{D}} is Doppler frequency, F T {\displaystyle F_{T}} is transmit frequency
Radar
Variety of spark transmitter
operate in a stable fashion, normal on-off keying could not be used. Instead, a form of frequency-shift keying was employed. In this compensation-wave method
Arc_converter
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
purpose of heterodyne mixing is to down shift the signal from the optical band to an electronically tractable frequency range. In RF band detection, typically
Optical_heterodyne_detection
Type of modem
actual meaning of each symbol. There are modulation types (like frequency-shift keying) that can be demodulated without carrier recovery, however, this
Satellite_modem
Change in wavelength of light
redshift phenomena. Other physical processes exist that can lead to a shift in the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, including scattering and optical effects;
Redshift
Oscillator with frequency controlled by a voltage input
applications such as frequency modulation and frequency-shift keying. The functional relationship between the control voltage and the output frequency for a VCO
Voltage-controlled_oscillator
Fiber-optic communications technology
multiplexing – Optical multiplexing technique Differential quadrature phase shift keying – Type of data encoding Photodiode – Converts light into current Polarization
Wavelength-division multiplexing
Wavelength-division_multiplexing
Electrical engineering concept
frequency of a signal "as the time derivative of the signal's phase angle." In frequency modulation, instantaneous frequency describes the frequency varying
Instantaneous phase and frequency
Instantaneous_phase_and_frequency
Function of propagation delay and Doppler frequency
Jourdain and J. P. Henrioux, "Use of large bandwidth-duration binary phase shift keying signals in target delay Doppler measurements," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90
Ambiguity_function
Electromagnetic wave that is not pulsed
whose amplitude approaches zero as time increases On-off keying – Type of amplitude-shift keying modulationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect
Continuous_wave
Transmission of information electromagnetically
"keying"—a term derived from the older use of Morse Code in telecommunications—and several keying techniques exist (these include phase-shift keying,
Telecommunications
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
modem standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per second
Bell_202
European standard for trunked radio systems
5G. For its modulation TETRA, uses π⁄4 differential quadrature phase-shift keying. The symbol (baud) rate is 18,000 symbols per second, and each symbol
TETRA
Definitions of terms used in amateur radio
Your signals are fading. / Are my signals fading? QSD Your keying is defective. / Is my keying defective? QSG I will send … telegrams at a time. / How many
Glossary_of_amateur_radio
Multi-tool electronic device
300–900 MHz radio frequency range, a Texas Instruments CC1101 chip is used, which supports amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulations
Flipper_Zero
Radio system used by the U.S. armed forces
with Continuous Phase Shift Modulation (CPSM) at 5 megabit-per-second (Mbps), also referred to as Minimum Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK). The Pulses are
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System
Marine radio standard
encoded using frequency-shift keying. For High Frequency and Medium Frequency two tones 170 Hz apart either side of the allocated frequency with 100 Baud
Digital_selective_calling
Working group
4™ smart utility networking (SUN) frequency shift keying (FSK) physical layer (PHY) operating in sub-1 GHz frequency bands. The IEEE Std 802.15.4™ smart
IEEE_802.19
Optical transceiver used in high-bandwidth data communications
modulation that are used include Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) and QAM-16. These modules put the DSP on the module and use
Optical_module
physical layer is based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and Differential Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, DQPSK and D8PSK) as carrier modulation
PRIME (power-line communication)
PRIME_(power-line_communication)
differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) digital modulation scheme to transmit within narrow frequency bands using a frequency hopping algorithm for
Weightless (wireless communications)
Weightless_(wireless_communications)
Open source amateur radio mode
run concurrently. It utilizes 4,800 symbols per second, 4-level frequency-shift keying (4FSK) with a root Nyquist filter applied to the symbol-mapped bitstream
M17_(amateur_radio)
Phenomenon observed in the study of Artificial Neural Networks
in the Fourier domain. Phase shift DNN: PhaseDNN converts high-frequency component of the data downward to a low-frequency spectrum for learning, and then
Frequency principle/spectral bias
Frequency_principle/spectral_bias
Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state
the NMR frequency). As a result, the frequency required to achieve resonance is also reduced.[citation needed] This shift in the NMR frequency due to the
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Form of amateur radio data communications using the AX25 protocol
equipment in use. Most commonly used method is one using audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) within the radio equipment's existing speech bandwidth. The
Packet_radio
Data input device
driver also tracks the Shift, alt and control state of the keyboard. Some lower-quality keyboards have multiple or false key entries due to inadequate
Computer_keyboard
Form of distortion affecting communication reliability
characteristics. The first image above is the eye pattern for a binary phase-shift keying (PSK) system in which a one is represented by an amplitude of −1 and
Intersymbol_interference
Mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point
force frequency over the undamped natural frequency of the mass–spring–damper model. r = f f n . {\displaystyle r={\frac {f}{f_{n}}}.} The phase shift, ϕ
Vibration
Reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor
water gas shift reaction is conducted in multiple adiabatic stages consisting of a high temperature shift (HTS) followed by a low temperature shift (LTS)
Water–gas_shift_reaction
analyzed as an AM-modulated carrier. On-off keying produces sidebands, as expected, but they are referred to as "key-clicks". Shaping circuits are used to turn
Radio_transmitter_design
Laboratory technique
is conventionally defined as having a chemical shift of zero. To detect the very small frequency shifts due to nuclear magnetic resonance, the applied
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Use of multiple antennas in radio
aggressive frequency reuse in the early 1990s. Space-division multiple access (SDMA) uses directional or smart antennas to communicate on the same frequency with
MIMO
Radio beacon used in amateur radio
strength measurement. A small number of beacons transmit Morse code by frequency-shift keying (F1A). A few beacons transmit signals in digital modulation modes
Amateur radio propagation beacon
Amateur_radio_propagation_beacon
Use of radio waves for communication
Frequency modulation (FM) – in an FM transmitter, the frequency of the radio carrier wave is varied by the modulation signal; Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
Radio
Radio signal statistical model
}{f_{d}}}\right)^{2}}}}},} where ν {\displaystyle \,\!\nu } is the frequency shift relative to the carrier frequency. This equation is valid only for values of ν {\displaystyle
Rayleigh_fading
Type of radio receiver
incoming radio-frequency (RF) signals to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF). The signal is then amplified and filtered at that fixed frequency. This arrangement
Superheterodyne_receiver
Decoder in early radio control systems
effect a receive-only modem. The encoding used is a simple form of frequency-shift keying. These decoders appeared in the 1950s and were used into the early
Reed_receiver
Electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic circuit that generates a range of frequencies from a single reference frequency. Frequency synthesizers are used
Frequency_synthesizer
Method of communication by radio waves
receiver requires a circuit called a beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The third type of modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) was used mainly by radioteletype
Wireless_telegraphy
British UHF transmitter-receiver
Range: 500 m (1,600 ft) in open terrain RF modulation: Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Voice modulation: Continuously
Personal_Role_Radio
Wireless standard for railway communication
modulation is GMSK modulation (Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying). GSM-R is a TDMA ("Time-Division Multiple Access") system. Data transmission is made of periodical
GSM-R
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Surname or Lastname
English (also frequent in Wales)
English (also frequent in Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Watkin.
Boy/Male
Australian, Sindhi
Cure
Boy/Male
Australian, Vietnamese
Many; Multiple
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Multiple
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Un Countable; Multiple; Countless
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Swift.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Cure
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English, Newzealand
Fast
Boy/Male
Hebrew American Latin
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Multiple lights. Luster.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Hebrew, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Sindhi
Salvation; Truthful; Healing; Friend; Live without Sickness; Purity; Recovery
Boy/Male
Hebrew Spanish
God will multiply.
Girl/Female
Indian
Teacher
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God shall multiply.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a rapid runner, from Middle English swift ‘fleet’.Irish : Anglicization (part translation) of Gaelic Ó Fuada (see Foody).Americanized form of some like-sounding Jewish name.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Night
Girl/Female
Biblical
The seventh daughter; the daughter of satiety.
Girl/Female
Anglo Saxon American Teutonic
Good war.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beautiful and Intelligent
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Prize; Reward
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Yorkshire)
English (mainly Yorkshire) : occupational name for a mender of pots and pans, Middle English tink(l)er (of uncertain etymology).
Girl/Female
Greek
Pure.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Taught by the Gods; Follows the Way of the Gods
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Parvathi
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Having Skillfulness or Happiness
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT-KEYING
n.
Frequency; abundance.
a.
Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance.
n.
Infrequency.
v. t.
To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.
v. t.
To change the position of; to alter the bearings of; to turn; as, to shift the helm or sails.
v. t.
To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; thus 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56; to multiply two numbers. See the Note under Multiplication.
n.
The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note under Multiplication.
v. t.
The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work in turn with other sets; as, a night shift.
n.
The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.
imp. & p. p.
of Multiply
v. t.
To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to shift the clothes; to shift the scenes.
a.
Manifold; multiple.
v. t. & i.
To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt.
v. t.
Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's under-garment; a chemise.
n.
One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.
a.
Having many flues; as, a multiflue boiler. See Boiler.
adv.
At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
n.
The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.
v. t.
To change the place of; to move or remove from one place to another; as, to shift a burden from one shoulder to another; to shift the blame.