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Data communications modulation protocol
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the
Frequency-shift_keying
Type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins
Minimum-shift_keying
Data communications modulation protocol
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) is a variation of frequency-shift keying (FSK) that uses more than two frequencies. MFSK is a form of M-ary orthogonal
Multiple frequency-shift keying
Multiple_frequency-shift_keying
Method for modulation of data
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) is a commonly used variation of frequency-shift keying (FSK), which is itself a special case of analog frequency modulation
Continuous_phase_modulation
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
π/4–QPSK Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) Multi-frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK) Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling
Signal_modulation
Type of data encoding
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The
Phase-shift_keying
Type of amplitude-shift keying modulation
On–off keying (OOK) denotes the simplest form of amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation that represents digital data as the presence or absence of a carrier
On–off_keying
International standard
electricity meters, water meters and SCADA. It is also known as spread frequency-shift keying (S-FSK) and was formerly known as IEC 1334 before IEC's most recent
IEC_61334
Digital modulation scheme
Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. For example
Amplitude-shift_keying
ISO standard
sent using a Manchester code. Frequency-shift keying by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 32) and a 484.25 kHz
ISO/IEC_15693
Acoustic data transmission project
over modulated sound waves thanks to GGWave's frequency shift keying system or multiple frequency shift keying system. The project won the global top prize
Gibberlink
3–30 kHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
CW is now only used in small hand-keyed transmitters, and for testing large transmitters. Frequency-shift keying (FSK) FSK is the second oldest and second
Very_low_frequency
Use of light in the visible spectrum as a telecommunication medium
link. Possible techniques are amplitude-shift keying (ASK), phase-shift keying (PSK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK). Out of these three, FSK is capable
Visible_light_communication
PSK63 63-baud quadrature phase shift keying: QPSK63 Frequency-shift keying: Radioteletype (RTTY) Frequency-shift keying Spread spectrum, which may be analog
List_of_amateur_radio_modes
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
transmitted using a form of frequency modulation known as frequency-shift keying (FSK), in which the frequency of a carrier is switched among a discrete set of
Frequency_modulation
Commercial modem
second. The Bell 101 modem used audio frequency-shift keying to encode data. Different pairs of audio frequencies were used by each station: The originating
Bell_101
Wireless technique of sending and receiving messages through water
follows: Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Phase-shift keying (PSK) Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) Frequency and
Underwater acoustic communication
Underwater_acoustic_communication
Software
complete at least one stage of a contact. FSK441 employs multi-frequency shift keying using four tones, at a data rate of 441 baud. Because of the choice
WSJT_(amateur_radio_software)
Radio linked electromechanical communications system
the other High Frequency (HF) amateur radio bands was initially accomplished using make and break keying since frequency shift keying (FSK) was not yet
Radioteletype
Telecommunication signaling system
function that is performed in the United States by Bell 202 modulated frequency-shift keying (FSK) signaling. DTMF was originally decoded by tuned electrical
DTMF_signaling
Radio communication protocol
for initiating data communications, with ARQ 8FSK frequency-shift keying and PSK phase-shift keying signals. "HFLINK". Retrieved 21 Sep 2010. v t e v
High Frequency Internet Protocol
High_Frequency_Internet_Protocol
Tool used to spoof caller ID
box is a piece of hardware or software that generates caller ID frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals to spoof caller ID information on the target's caller
Orange_box
One of two devices in telecommunications
facsimile receiver, a device that changes the signal modulation from frequency-shift keying (FSK) to amplitude modulation (AM). In a facsimile transmitter,
Facsimile_converter
Shortwave radio stations broadcasting only numbers
phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying, as well as Morse code transmissions, are also used. Stations may operate on set schedules and frequencies in
Numbers_station
Frequency shift keying digital mode
FT8 (short for Franke–Taylor design, 8-FSK modulation) is a frequency shift keying digital mode of radio communication used by amateur radio operators
FT8
Marine VHF radio system
the PTT button has been released, using frequency modulation frequency-shift keying (FSK) between the frequencies of 1,300 Hz and 2,100 Hz at 1,200 baud
Automatic Transmitter Identification System (marine)
Automatic_Transmitter_Identification_System_(marine)
Secure speech system
frequency-shift keying (FSK) The first useful realization of speech bandwidth compression The first use of FSK-FDM (Frequency Shift Keying-Frequency Division
SIGSALY
Type of radioteletype mode
traditional frequency-shift keying, the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts). PSK31 was
PSK31
Historical radio tower in Hungary
of 100 kW; the data bursts are at 200 baud with +/- 170 Hz FSK (Frequency Shift Keying). In Europe there are similar radio masts at Lisnagarvey, Northern
Lakihegy_Tower
Line code in which the signal value returns to zero between each pulse
pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), zero phase shift in phase-shift keying (PSK), or mid-frequency in frequency-shift keying (FSK). That "zero" condition is typically
Return-to-zero
Software-defined radio
amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), continuous phase modulation (CPM), gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)
AN/PRC-117
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
than land-line circuits was used for this traffic. These audio frequency shift keying non-Morse (NoMo) messages were picked up by Britain's Y-stations
Lorenz_cipher
Standard in building automation
a carrier frequency centred on 132.5 kHz (CENELEC C-band). RF enables communication in the 868.3 MHz band for using frequency shift keying with Manchester
KNX
Mean amplitude of a waveform in the time domain
AC component is the baseband audio signal plus any subcarriers. Frequency-shift keying can be done solely by changing the DC bias. The concept has been
DC_bias
Type of programmable serial interface device
300 bit/s using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, while synchronous modems could run at speeds up to 9600 bit/s using phase-shift keying (PSK). Synchronous
Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter
Universal_synchronous_and_asynchronous_receiver-transmitter
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
modem standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per second
Bell_202
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
For example, the ITU-T V.21 standard used audio frequency-shift keying with two possible frequencies, corresponding to two distinct symbols (or one bit
Modem
keying techniques exist, including phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and amplitude-shift keying. Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying
Keying_(telecommunications)
Modem for computers released by AT&T in 1962
1958. The Bell 103 modem used audio frequency-shift keying to encode data. Different pairs of audio frequencies were used by each station: The originating
Bell_103
System for transmitting text messages
improvement over radioteletype (RTTY). Although it uses the same frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation used by regular RTTY, SITOR uses error detection
SITOR
Marine radio standard
encoded using frequency-shift keying. For High Frequency and Medium Frequency two tones 170 Hz apart either side of the allocated frequency with 100 baud
Digital_selective_calling
Modem standard
first approved by ITU-T precursor CCITT in 1964. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per second
ITU-T_V.23
Electronic text communication device
TTY communications was accomplished electro-mechanically through frequency-shift keying (FSK) allowing only half-duplex communication, where only one person
Telecommunications device for the deaf
Telecommunications_device_for_the_deaf
Topics referred to by the same term
champagne A form of data transmission by shortwave radio using multiple frequency-shift keying Piccolo protein (presynaptic cytomatrix protein), PCLO A medium-sized
Piccolo_(disambiguation)
Multi-tool electronic device
300–900 MHz radio frequency range, a Texas Instruments CC1101 chip is used, which supports amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulations
Flipper_Zero
Amateur telecommunications protocol
Olivia MFSK is an amateur radioteletype protocol, using multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) and designed to work in difficult (low signal-to-noise ratio
Olivia_MFSK
Telecommunications coding technique
pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), zero phase shift in phase-shift keying (PSK), or mid-frequency in frequency-shift keying (FSK). That zero condition is typically
Non-return-to-zero
Electronic control system
of frequency-shift keying (FSK): In digital data communication and computer peripherals, binary data is transmitted by means of a carrier frequency which
Phase-locked_loop
Oscillator with frequency controlled by a voltage input
applications such as frequency modulation and frequency-shift keying. The functional relationship between the control voltage and the output frequency for a VCO
Voltage-controlled_oscillator
Simple and widely known encryption technique
a left shift of 3 places, equivalent to a right shift of 23 (the shift parameter is used as the key): When encrypting, a person looks up each letter
Caesar_cipher
American longwave time signal radio station
transmitting a 0.5 kW ERP signal on 20 kHz the following month, using frequency-shift keying, shifting from 20 kHz to 26 kHz, to send data. The WWVL broadcast was
WWVB
Use of radio waves for communication
Frequency modulation (FM) – in an FM transmitter, the frequency of the radio carrier wave is varied by the modulation signal; Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
Radio
Classification of radio frequency signals
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) telegraphy, such as RTTY. F1C High frequency Radiofax F2D Data transmission by frequency modulation of a radio frequency
Types_of_radio_emissions
Decoder in early radio control systems
effect a receive-only modem. The encoding used is a simple form of frequency-shift keying. These decoders appeared in the 1950s and were used into the early
Reed_receiver
Amateur radio communications software
includes a mapping facility. The type of radio emission is "F1D", frequency-shift keying. A message contains a station's callsign, Maidenhead grid locator
WSPR_(amateur_radio_software)
Working group
4™ smart utility networking (SUN) frequency shift keying (FSK) physical layer (PHY) operating in sub-1 GHz frequency bands. The IEEE Std 802.15.4™ smart
IEEE_802.19
Signal used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values
allowing passband transmission over long wires or over a limited radio frequency band. Such a carrier-modulated sine wave is considered a digital signal
Digital_signal
Variety of spark transmitter
operate in a stable fashion, normal on-off keying could not be used. Instead, a form of frequency-shift keying was employed. In this compensation-wave method
Arc_converter
FM radio reception phenomenon
properly implemented on-off keying/amplitude-shift keying systems, co-channel rejection can be better than for frequency-shift keying systems. Near–far problem
Capture_effect
Two-way radio data system
as using coherent phase-shift keying on a 1,500 Hz carrier, while the 1,200 bit/s variant uses audio frequency-shift keying with mark and space tones
MDC-1200
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
the modulation of a carrier signal. For example, in frequency-shift keying (FSK), the frequency of a tone is varied among a small, fixed set of possible
Symbol_rate
Miniaturized satellite built by IST
audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to provide a data rate of 1,200 bits per second. The 145.947 MHz downlink, which used binary phase-shift keying (BPSK)
ICube-1
Section of cellular telephone network
minimum-shift keying (GMSK), while for EDGE-enabled networks it is GMSK and 8-PSK. This modulation is a kind of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying. In
Base_station_subsystem
Very minimum shift keying, or VMSK, modulation, is one of several ultra-narrow-band modulation (UNBM) methods indeterminately claimed to send high-speed
Very_minimum_shift_keying
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
keying, rather than modulation. Thus, telecommunications modems use frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), or amplitude-phase keying
Angle_modulation
Mesh wireless network developed by Amazon
battery efficiency LoRa for long-range low-power communication Frequency-shift keying at 900 MHz, intended for interacting with legacy home appliances
Amazon_Sidewalk
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
multi-tone modulation modes such as Multi Tone 63 (MT63) Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) modes: JS8Call Olivia MFSK WSJT software modes: FSK441, JT6M
Amateur_radio
System for remotely transmitting printed notices to ships
messages are transmitted using binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) at 100 bit/s and a 170 Hz frequency shift. The characters are encoded using the 7-bit
NAVTEX
Radio system used by the U.S. armed forces
with Continuous Phase Shift Modulation (CPSM) at 5 megabit-per-second (Mbps), also referred to as Minimum Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK). The Pulses are
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System
Electronic test equipment used to generate electrical waveforms
continuous-phase frequency-shift keying used in dual-tone multi-frequency signaling and early modem tones. A typical function generator can provide frequencies up to
Function_generator
Conventional modulation methods such as amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
Stress_wave_communication
Electronic device that emits radio waves
In an FM (frequency modulation) transmitter the frequency of the carrier is varied by the modulation signal. In an FSK (frequency-shift keying) transmitter
Transmitter
French wireless networking company
process. Sigfox employs differential binary phase-shift keying (DBPSK) and Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) over the Short-range device band of 868 MHz
Sigfox
Transmission of information electromagnetically
"keying"—a term derived from the older use of Morse Code in telecommunications—and several keying techniques exist (these include phase-shift keying,
Telecommunications
De facto standard in radio communications
transceivers. The modulation method is 8ary Frequency Shift Keying or 8FSK, also sometimes called Multi Frequency Shift Keying MFSK, with eight orthogonal tones
Automatic_link_establishment
Form of serial communication lacking synchronization control signals
later voltage polarities in EIA RS-232 and so on, frequency-shift polarities in frequency-shift keying and so on) Asynchronous start-stop signaling was
Asynchronous serial communication
Asynchronous_serial_communication
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
in a practical frequency mixer. Mixers are widely used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as heterodyning, for convenience
Frequency_mixer
Retrieved 5 August 2026. US 3944742, Paul M. Cunningham, "Burst frequency shift keying data communication system", assigned to Spectradyne, Inc. url=https://patents
SpectraVision (Hotel TV system)
SpectraVision_(Hotel_TV_system)
Transmission of language with brief pulses
now-banned spark gap mode). Other, faster keying methods are available in radio telegraphy, such as frequency-shift keying (FSK). The original amateur radio operators
Morse_code
Software to send or receive text messages
messaging between any mix of fixed and mobile equipment. These use frequency-shift keying to transfer the message between the terminal and the Short Message
SMS_gateway
Type of modem
actual meaning of each symbol. There are modulation types (like frequency-shift keying) that can be demodulated without carrier recovery, however, this
Satellite_modem
Home automation system
zones. Insteon powerline messaging uses phase-shift keying. Insteon RF messaging uses frequency-shift keying. Insteon is an integrated dual-mesh (formerly
Insteon
British government radio transmission facility
0 kHz, using Morse code and later on 15.975 kHz with frequency-shift keying FSK and minimum-shift keying MSK, was used by the British Navy for transmitting
Rugby_Radio_Station
Communications protocol
modulation used is frequency-shift keying (FSK) with a ±4.5 kHz shift on the carrier. The high frequency represents a 0 and the low frequency a 1. The ±4.5 kHz
POCSAG
Topics referred to by the same term
Coquelet may refer to: Coquelet, a type of multiple frequency-shift keying signal Coquelet, another name for a poussin (chicken) This disambiguation page
Coquelet
Device for receiving radio transmissions
receiver that receives a frequency modulated signal uses an FM demodulator an FSK receiver which receives frequency-shift keying (used to transmit digital
Radio_receiver
Open source amateur radio mode
run concurrently. It utilizes 4,800 symbols per second, 4-level frequency-shift keying (4FSK) with a root Nyquist filter applied to the symbol-mapped bitstream
M17_(amateur_radio)
Data network that uses electrical wiring
France (EDF) prototyped and standardized a system called spread frequency shift keying or S-FSK. (See IEC 61334) It is now a simple, low-cost system with
Power-line_communication
Topics referred to by the same term
Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft, a German movie rating organization Frequency-shift keying Friends School Kamusinga, in Kenya Kosovo Security Force, (Albanian:
FSK
Components of a train protection system
This frequency is used to power the passive balises (it is the intermediate channel 11A in CB radio). The uplink uses frequency-shift keying with 3
Eurobalise
Device for coupling electrical signals by sound
transmit the signaling tones, and circuitry would convert those audio frequency-shift keying encoded binary signals for an RS232 output socket. With luck one
Acoustic_coupler
Family of digital modulation methods
streams using joint amplitude-shift keying across the synchronized channels. The two carrier waves are of the same frequency and are out of phase with each
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Form of amateur radio data communications using the AX25 protocol
equipment in use. Most commonly used method is one using audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) within the radio equipment's existing speech bandwidth. The
Packet_radio
Call assistance services
spoken responses in real time. The TDD itself transmitted text via frequency-shift keying (FSK) at 45.5 baud using a variant of the Baudot code, allowing
Operator_assistance
Czech radio and microwave transmission equipment company
providers. Sackey, Eric (2006). Performance Evaluation of M-ary Frequency Shift Keying Radio Modems via Measurements and Simulations. "Radio Modem Market
Racom
Variation in resonant frequency of identical atomic nuclei in a magnetic field
chemical shift is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field. Often the position and number of chemical shifts are
Chemical_shift
Technique in digital signal processing
real-valued data. Bluestein's FFT algorithm (chirp-Z) Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Phase-shift keying (PSK) Goertzel, G. (January 1958), "An Algorithm for
Goertzel_algorithm
ERMES operating in the frequency band 169.4125-169.8125 MHz. ERMES transmits the data at 6250 bit/s. ERMES uses Frequency Shift Keying (4-FSK) modulation
ERMES
Short-range wireless technology standard
frequency-hopping (AFH) enabled. Bluetooth Low Energy uses 2 MHz spacing, which accommodates 40 channels. Originally, Gaussian frequency-shift keying
Bluetooth
Method of communication by radio waves
receiver requires a circuit called a beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The third type of modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) was used mainly by radioteletype
Wireless_telegraphy
travel, tourism, insurance
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
Boy/Male
Hindu
Swift
Boy/Male
Tamil
Turanyu | தà¯à®°à®¾à®¨à¯à®¯à¯
Swift
Turanyu | தà¯à®°à®¾à®¨à¯à®¯à¯
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Swift.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Cure
Girl/Female
Tamil
Swift
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Hebrew, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Sindhi
Salvation; Truthful; Healing; Friend; Live without Sickness; Purity; Recovery
Boy/Male
Australian, Sindhi
Cure
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Swift.
Boy/Male
Latin
Swift.
Boy/Male
Hebrew Biblical
Swift.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Swift.
Girl/Female
English Teutonic American
Swift.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Swift
Surname or Lastname
English (also frequent in Wales)
English (also frequent in Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Watkin.
Boy/Male
German English French
Swift.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a rapid runner, from Middle English swift ‘fleet’.Irish : Anglicization (part translation) of Gaelic Ó Fuada (see Foody).Americanized form of some like-sounding Jewish name.
Boy/Male
Latin American English Welsh
Swift.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English, Newzealand
Fast
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Swift.
Girl/Female
Indian
Teacher
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
FREQUENCY SHIFT-KEYING
v. t.
To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.
adv.
At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
v. t.
To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to shift the clothes; to shift the scenes.
n.
A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft.
n.
Frequency.
n.
The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.
n.
Frequency; abundance.
v. t.
To change the position of; to alter the bearings of; to turn; as, to shift the helm or sails.
v. t.
To change the place of; to move or remove from one place to another; as, to shift a burden from one shoulder to another; to shift the blame.
n.
Infrequency.
n.
The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as, shafts of light.
a.
Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance.
v. t. & i.
To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt.
n.
Frequency.
v. t.
Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's under-garment; a chemise.
n.
Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits.
v. t.
The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work in turn with other sets; as, a night shift.
travel, tourism, insurance