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Version of consequentialism
Negative consequentialism is a version of consequentialism, which is "one of the major theories of normative ethics." Like other versions of consequentialism
Negative_consequentialism
Philosophical aim of minimizing suffering
Negative utilitarianism (NU) is a form of negative consequentialism that can be described as the view that people should minimize the total amount of
Negative_utilitarianism
Ethical views prioritising the reduction of suffering
Biotechnological elimination of involuntary suffering Negative consequentialism – Version of consequentialism Negative reinforcement – Consequence affecting an organism's
Suffering-focused_ethics
Ethical theory based on consequences
properly, rule consequentialism, Kantian deontology, and contractualism would all end up prescribing the same behavior. The term consequentialism was coined
Consequentialism
Pain, mental, or emotional unhappiness
harm in an individual. Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena. The opposite of suffering is pleasure or
Suffering
Branch of philosophy concerned with population changes
view points, it is the one that would be favored especially by negative consequentialism and other suffering-focused views. Population ethical problems
Population_ethics
Philosophical study of morality
important distinction is between act consequentialism and rule consequentialism. According to act consequentialism, the consequences of an act determine
Ethics
Idea that an act can only be wrong if it is bad for somebody
utilitarianism and consequentialism generally, not just asymmetric consequentialist theories, like negative utilitarianism and negative consequentialism. Soft asymmetric
Person-affecting_view
Argument raised against consequentialist ethical theories
Human Values. Kagan, S., 'Does Consequentialism Demand Too Much? Recent work on the Limits of Obligation' in Consequentialism by Pettit, P. (ed.) (Dartmouth:
Demandingness_objection
Concept in population ethics
Antifrustrationism Antinatalism Benatar's asymmetry argument Natalism Negative Consequentialism Negative Utilitarianism Person-affecting view Suffering-focused ethics
Asymmetry_(population_ethics)
Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. Unlike other forms of consequentialism,
Utilitarianism
Philosophical system
Fideism Naturalism Particularism Rationalism Skepticism Solipsism Ethics Consequentialism Deontology Virtue Free will Compatibilism Determinism Hard Incompatibilism
Epicureanism
Theory of value based on well-being
one theoretical commitment of utilitarianism together with consequentialism. Consequentialism is the theory that only acts leading to the best possible
Welfarism
Concept in the moral philosophy of Max Weber
advancing any value depends not on ethics but the reality of power. Consequentialism Deontology "Politics as a Vocation" (PDF). Archived from the original
Ethic_of_ultimate_ends
Topic in ethics
Walter (2023). "3. What is Good? Hedonistic vs. Pluralistic Consequentialisms". Consequentialism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Crisp, Roger (2021)
Preference_utilitarianism
Ethical principle; incorporates deontology into greatest-happiness thinking
John Stuart (1861). Utilitarianism. Hooker, Brad (2003-12-31). "Rule Consequentialism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2007-03-11.{{cite
Rule_utilitarianism
Problem in ethics
population consisting of two groups: a significant number of people with very negative well-being, and a much larger number of people having barely positive welfare
Mere_addition_paradox
Thought experiment critiquing utilitarianism
Peter Singer Types Act Average Classical Negative Preference Rule Total Two-level Concepts Consequentialism Eudaimonia Equal consideration Felicific calculus
Utility_monster
Flavour of utilitarianism
Philosophy". Retrieved 2026-01-06. Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2011). "Consequentialism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer
Act_utilitarianism
British politician (born 1970)
(21 July 2013). "Shadow Health Secretary Andy Burnham's staff deleted 'negative' Wikipedia references". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the
Andy_Burnham
Systematic study of values
versions of consequentialism rely on different theories of the sources of value. Classical utilitarianism, a prominent form of consequentialism, says that
Value_theory
Ethical and physical thought experiment
it also resulted in the eventual negative consequences of Hitler's rise to power. In a 2000 essay on consequentialism, British philosopher James Lenman
Killing_baby_Hitler
Legal, social, or ethical principles
(deontology) Value (axiology) Virtue (virtue ethics) Consequences (consequentialism, e.g. utilitarianism) Rights ethics has had considerable influence
Rights
Method of reasoning via argumentation and contradiction
However, Hegel opposed these terms. By contrast, the terms abstract, negative, and concrete suggest a flaw or an incompleteness in any initial thesis
Dialectic
Conceptualism – Confirmation holism – Confucianism – Connectionism – Consequentialism – Conservatism – Constructivist epistemology – Continental philosophy
List_of_philosophies
This is an incomplete list of advocates of utilitarianism and/or consequentialism. Epicurus Lucretius Mozi Roger Bacon Richard Cumberland John Gay Bernard
List_of_utilitarians
Term for accelerations felt as weight in multiples of standard gravity
producing downward weight). In the same way, a negative-g force is an acceleration vector downward (the negative direction on the y axis), and this acceleration
G-force
Ethical philosophy
Peter Singer Types Act Average Classical Negative Preference Rule Total Two-level Concepts Consequentialism Eudaimonia Equal consideration Felicific calculus
Enlightened_self-interest
Algorithm in utilitarian ethics
Peter Singer Types Act Average Classical Negative Preference Rule Total Two-level Concepts Consequentialism Eudaimonia Equal consideration Felicific calculus
Felicific_calculus
Product of numbers from 1 to n
In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n {\displaystyle n} , denoted by n ! {\displaystyle n!} , is the product of all positive integers
Factorial
British philosopher and economist (1838–1900)
Lazari-Radek, Katarzyna; Singer, Peter (4 January 2010). "Secrecy in consequentialism: A defence of esoteric morality". Ratio. 23 (1). Wiley: 34–58. doi:10
Henry_Sidgwick
Philosophical paradox about pleasure-seeking
Dukkha Easterlin paradox False pleasure Hedonic treadmill Intrinsic value Negative hedonism Leisure satisfaction Psychological egoism Rat race Tantalus Taṇhā
Paradox_of_hedonism
Statute of the Parliament of Singapore
required to register, failure which a person may be found guilty of consequential offences up to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a
Enlistment_Act_1970
American researcher, ethicist, and essayist
(October 8, 2020), "Consequentialism and Nonhuman Animals", in Portmore, Douglas W. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism, Oxford University Press
Brian_Tomasik
Logical fallacy
are the cornerstones of many moral theories, particularly related to consequentialism. Appeal to consequences also should not be confused with argumentum
Appeal_to_consequences
Moral status and treatment of nonhuman animals
ethics; consistency of morals, and the justification of some cases. Consequentialism is a collection of ethical theories which judge the rightness or wrongness
Animal_ethics
British philosopher (1942–2017)
an impartial happiness promoter. Consequentialism thus needs to be revised as well. Self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly, while common-sense
Derek_Parfit
Decision rule of maximizing utility
Peter Singer Types Act Average Classical Negative Preference Rule Total Two-level Concepts Consequentialism Eudaimonia Equal consideration Felicific calculus
Utilitarian_rule
Object or event that exists independently of the senses
dynamics of the natural world in their noumenal dimension - this being the negative, correlate to phenomena and that which escapes the limits of human understanding
Noumenon
Informal understanding of acceptable conduct
identified two broad categories of arguments for the emergence of norms: Consequentialism: norms are created when an individual's behavior has consequences and
Social_norm
Psychological concept
relatively stable level of happiness (or sadness) despite major positive or negative events or life changes. According to this theory, as a person makes more
Hedonic_treadmill
View that people should only act in their own self-interest
consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism (i
Ethical_egoism
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 2022
to demonstrate how to care for so many children on her own. Following a negative response from trade unions and childminders, Truss met with the deputy
Liz_Truss
Study of general and fundamental questions
of thought were Mohism, which developed an early form of altruistic consequentialism, and Legalism, which emphasized the importance of a strong state and
Philosophy
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
the term nihilism is used more loosely in everyday language to describe negative, destructive, or antisocial attitudes, expressing that someone fails to
Nihilism
Concept in human demographics
results can be negative. So far, national efforts to confront a declining population to date have been focused on the possible negative economic consequences
Population_decline
State of being real
is the predicate. Quantifier constructions can also be used to express negative existential statements; for instance, the sentence "talking tigers do not
Existence
Study of the foundations of politics
to consequentialism, the value of any action depends on its concrete consequences. Classical utilitarianism, an influential form of consequentialism, asserts
Political_philosophy
for "yes", preferring to respond to questions with the affirmative or negative of the question (e.g., "Are you hungry?" was answered by "I am hungry"
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Aspect of philosophy
Modern examples include humanism, freethinking, and most versions of consequentialism. Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as skepticism
Secular_morality
President of the United States from 2021 to 2025
growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer
Joe_Biden
Theory that life is meaningless
argument is mitigated to some extent by the fact that we may have positive or negative effects on the lives of other people as well. But this does not fully solve
Absurdism
Theory of response to surprise events
Australia. After this, the term was reinterpreted to mean an unforeseen and consequential event. The reinterpreted theory was articulated by Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Black_swan_theory
Asset whose market value is lower than that listed in its owner's balance sheet
or enter bankruptcy, or is in a market that is experiencing significant negative economic change. If such evidence exists, the next step is to estimate
Impaired_asset
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
their own overall pleasure. Ethical hedonism is often combined with consequentialism, which asserts that an act is right if it has the best consequences
Hedonism
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
from three dominant moral theories (virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism): the character of a person (Agent-component, A); their actions (Deed-component
Morality
Social psychological theory
other people recognize their insightfulness. In contrast, people with negative self-views will find that the desire for self-verification and self-enhancement
Self-verification_theory
American psychology professor
existing cardiovascular reactivity caused by negative emotions. Put differently, a prior state of negative emotional arousal may be a necessary backdrop
Barbara_Fredrickson
Theory of ethics
Peter Singer Types Act Average Classical Negative Preference Rule Total Two-level Concepts Consequentialism Eudaimonia Equal consideration Felicific calculus
Two-level_utilitarianism
Philosophical concept
systematically judge identical financial decisions as less moral when they lead to negative outcomes, even though those outcomes were beyond the decision-maker's control
Moral_luck
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
community – even in France, a close ally of the United States – were more negative than those of most previous American presidents. Bush was described as
George_W._Bush
Cosmological dualism in Chinese philosophy
陰 is the level first tone as yīn with the meaning 'cloudy', 'shady', 'negative (electric.)', 'feminine', 'moon', 'implicit', 'hidden', 'genitalia'. 陽;
Yin_and_yang
implicit negative evidence decreases over time, so that as children get older there is less feedback, making it less available and, consequentially, less
Negative evidence in language acquisition
Negative_evidence_in_language_acquisition
Former planned dormitory at UC Santa Barbara
design meant that most rooms would not receive natural light, eliciting a negative reaction from students, architects, and community members. The project
Munger_Hall
1983 book by Lenni Brenner
abandonment of the idea that Jews in the diaspora were worth helping played a consequential role in the fate that later befel the Jews. To this end he cites several
Zionism in the Age of the Dictators
Zionism_in_the_Age_of_the_Dictators
Information-carrying connections between people
unbalanced if the product is ever negative. The theorem says that if a network of interrelated positive and negative ties is balanced, then it consists
Interpersonal_ties
Position in ethical theory and moral theology
posed a question to which all of the possible replies have potentially negative consequences, yet a reply is still expected (the situational theory of
Mental_reservation
Measure of how well someone's life is going
and negative aspects of a person's life. More narrowly, it refers only to positive degrees and contrasts with ill-being, which denotes negative ones
Well-being
Concept about individuals' intent and actions influencing those individuals' future
organisms. Adrsta Amor fati Anantarika-karma Causes of karma in Jainism Consequentialism Divine retribution Ethic of reciprocity ( = "Golden Rule") Hoʻoponopono
Karma
American stock market index composed of 30 industry leaders
Great Depression, the Dow posted some of its worst performances, for a negative return during most of the 1930s for new and old stock market investors
Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average
Probabilistic link between public rhetoric and ideologically motivated violence
contrast with generic fighting words, analyses emphasize patterned false, negative characterizations of targets. For example, Dr. James Angove cited the labeling
Stochastic_terrorism
Rights and duties of workers, unions and employers in Australia
not treated equally regarding holidays and job security, and this has a negative disproportionate impact on women. Second, fixed-term staff are treated
Australian_labour_law
Theory of positive emotions
widen the repertoire narrowed by negative emotions, then positive emotions can reverse the aftereffects caused by negative emotions, including the preparation
Broaden-and-build
Acquired allergy resulting from tick bites
philosophers and religious scholars warning of the dangers of using consequentialism to ignore informed consent and bodily autonomy, and disability advocates
Alpha-gal_syndrome
Philosophical study of beauty and art
appeal of objects. They include aesthetic values, which express positive or negative qualities, such as the contrast between beauty and ugliness. Philosophers
Aesthetics
Law regulating energy projects in Canada
Energy Regulator Act, to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts. C-69 repealed the Canadian Environmental Assessment
Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act
Impact_Assessment_Act_and_Canadian_Energy_Regulator_Act
Standardized language on architecture description
is both a degree higher in abstraction and coarser in granularity. Consequentially, architecture is also more topological (i.e. overall structure and
Architecture description language
Architecture_description_language
Unforeseen outcomes of an action
was also discussed by Adam Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment, and consequentialism (judging by results). The invisible hand theorem is an example of the
Unintended_consequences
Discredited statistical finding in positive psychology
concept in positive psychology positing an exact ratio of positive to negative emotions which distinguishes "flourishing" people from "languishing" people
Critical_positivity_ratio
2009 book by Mark Fisher
economics, and public thought. It is widely regarded as Fisher's most consequential idea. Through his writings and numerous interviews with political bloggers
Capitalist_Realism
Central category of dialectics
movement of thought. But here too Kant, as we must add, never got beyond the negative result that the thing-in-itself is unknowable, and never penetrated to
Unity_of_opposites
Type of cooperative argumentative dialogue
concerning whether it is a positive method, leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge. Some qualitative
Socratic_method
American businessman, lawyer, and NBA commissioner (1942–2020)
reactions from around the league, fanbase, and media were all largely negative, with players taking to Twitter to express their concerns, and several
David_Stern
Second season of American western drama
Although Renaud ultimately kills Kent, Roché believed the action to be consequentialism rather than having second thoughts. Mann said he felt his character
1923_season_2
Academic concept used in communication
another" with that new audience's reaction being uncharitable and highly negative for failing to understand the original context. The term grew out of the
Context_collapse
Hypothetical situation
says morality is determined solely by an action's consequences (See Consequentialism). John Searle imagines a man in a locked room who receives written
Thought_experiment
Study of the development of philosophy
impartial caring. Based on this concept, he promoted an early form of consequentialism, arguing that political actions should be evaluated based on how they
History_of_philosophy
Study of correct reasoning
these positive arguments leading one closer to victory, there are also negative arguments preventing the opponent's victory by denying their conclusion
Logic
Theory that life has no inherent meaning
turning in on itself. Sublimation is the refocusing of energy away from negative outlets, toward positive ones. The individuals distance themselves and
Existential_nihilism
Revolution in Iran from 1978 to 1979
began reporting heavily on demonstrations, often highly critically and negatively of the Shah. The Majlis (parliament) also began issuing resolutions against
Iranian_Revolution
Concept in literary theory
cannot know it: it is the God of negative theology." Derrida's answer was, "It is and it is not." In contrast to negative theology, which posits something
Différance
"history with the Catholic Church with First Nations is very long and negative with Residential Schools but I think Pope Francis, he opened up a new chapter
Reactions to the death of Pope Francis
Reactions_to_the_death_of_Pope_Francis
Conscious event, perception or practical knowledge
comes in degrees and exists in a dimension that includes negative degrees as well. These negative degrees are usually referred to as pain and suffering and
Experience
Right of a person whose human rights have been violated to legal remedy
distinctions Claim and liberty Individual and group Natural and legal Negative and positive Human rights Civil and political Economic, social and cultural
Right_to_an_effective_remedy
Team recruitment strategy
overachievers. It is argued that this can be counterproductive because of the negative effects of hyper-competitiveness on a group's dynamic, and that recruitment
Super-chicken_model
Overview of how Japanese verbs conjugate
aisenu ("not love") as the negative of aisu(ru) ("love") would likely be confused with aisenu ("cannot love") as the negative of the potential aiseru ("can
Japanese_conjugation
Promotion of capitalist ideology
social mobility under capitalism and portraying non-capitalist ideologies negatively. Capitalist propaganda is spread through various means, including mass
Capitalist_propaganda
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
events seen as negative by a person have demonstrated having used more detail-oriented, conservative processing strategies. Negative flashbulb memories
Flashbulb_memory
Major event in the run-up to the 2024 United states presidential election
Backus, Fred; Khanna, Kabir (January 19, 2025). "Biden's presidency viewed negatively by most Americans — CBS News poll". CBS News. Retrieved March 14, 2025
Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election
Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election
Theory in communications
the assumption that expectancy violations are mostly highly consequential acts, negative in nature, and cause uncertainty to increase between communicators
Expectancy_violations_theory
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WEEKO means "pretty."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name ZIHNA means "spins."
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name CHOOVIO means "antelope."
Female
Native American
Native American Algonquin name WIKIMAK means "wife."
Female
Native American
Native American name APONI means "butterfly."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WUTI means "woman."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHANSOMPS means "locust."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WAKI means "shelter."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABUKCHEECH means "mouse."
Female
Native American
Native American Dakota name ZITKALA means "bird."
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Demolishing Negative Energy
Male
Native American
Native American Sioux name CHAYTON means "falcon."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ASKOOK means "snake."
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name ASHKII means "boy."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YOKI means "rain."
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WITASHNAH means "virginal."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YAMKA means "blossom."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHOGAN means "blackbird."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ACHAK means "spirit."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABOOKSIGUN means "wildcat."
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
Boy/Male
Indian
Diligent
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Giving Wealth; Bright Future; Gods Gift; Affection on Parents and Moon Sign
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Fortress; Tall
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Desired Goal; Ultimate to be Achieved
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English, German
Axe-wolf
Boy/Male
Indian
Inspired; Grand; Mighty; A Son of Vashisth
Girl/Female
German
Assistant.
Boy/Male
Muslim
To judge with justice, Equity
Boy/Male
Tamil
Weapon, Kind and helpful
Girl/Female
Hindu
Hindu female deity of forests, Van ki Devi, Gods gift, God is gracious
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM
a.
Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; as, a legatine constitution.
a.
Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver.
a.
Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative.
adv.
In a negative manner; with or by denial.
a.
Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.
v. t.
To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.
a.
Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.
n.
That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.
imp. & p. p.
of Negative
a.
Denying; renouncing; negative.
n.
A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.
a.
Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic.
n.
The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.
a.
Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject.
a.
Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.
a.
Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative pronoun.
a.
Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.
a.
Having the nature of a plant; vegetable; as, vegetive life.
a.
Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.
a.
Of or pertaining to a legate; as, legatine power.