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1960s computer collaboration system
NLS (oN-Line System) was a revolutionary computer collaboration system developed in the 1960s. It was designed by Douglas Engelbart and implemented by
NLS_(computer_system)
Topics referred to by the same term
NLS may refer to: NLS (computer system), a 1960s computing collaboration National Language Support (or Native Language Support), in HP software National
NLS
Computer made by Xerox
workstation market. NLS (computer system) Alan Kay Adele Goldberg (computer scientist) Wadlow, Thomas A. (September 1981). "The Xerox Alto Computer". Byte. Vol
Xerox_Alto
1968 computer demonstration by Douglas Engelbart
the introduction of a complete computer hardware and software system called the oN-Line System or, more commonly, NLS, which demonstrated for the first
The_Mother_of_All_Demos
Early GUI-based computer workstation from Xerox
strongly influenced by what its designers had seen previously with the NLS computer system at the Stanford Research Institute and PLATO at University of Illinois
Xerox_Star
Text with references (links) to other text that the reader can immediately access
never realized. Douglas Engelbart independently began working on his NLS system in 1962 at Stanford Research Institute, although delays in obtaining funding
Hypertext
Aspect of Internet history
for NLS slowed after 1974. Later in 1968, van Dam's team incorporated ideas from NLS into a successor to HES. the File Retrieval and Editing System (FRESS)
History_of_hypertext
Technology research and development agency of the U.S. Department of Defense
hypermedia. DARPA funded one of the first two hypertext systems, Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system, as well as The Mother of All Demos. DARPA later funded
DARPA
personal computer. Markoff, John (September 5, 2014). "Andrew Kay, Pioneer in Computing, Dies at 95". New York Times. Company Profile, NLS website Digital
Non-Linear_Systems
Direct interface to an operating system
shell first appeared in Douglas Engelbart’s NLS system, demonstrated in December, 1968 at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, in what has
Shell_(computing)
Pointing device used to control a computer
the graphical user interface of a computer. The first public demonstration of a mouse controlling a computer system was done by Douglas Engelbart in 1968
Computer_mouse
International in Menlo Park, California developed the oN-Line System (NLS). This computer incorporated a mouse-driven cursor and multiple windows used
History of the graphical user interface
History_of_the_graphical_user_interface
American engineer and inventor (1925–2013)
of human performance is exponential, is named after him. The "oN-Line System" (NLS) developed by the Augmentation Research Center under Engelbart's guidance
Douglas_Engelbart
Computing research institute
the revolutionary oN-Line System, better known by its abbreviation, NLS. ARC is also known for the invention of the "computer mouse" pointing device, and
Augmentation_Research_Center
Technical standard for digital audiobooks, periodicals and computerized text
Archive and the National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS), among others, offer content to blind and visually impaired individuals
Digital Accessible Information System
Digital_Accessible_Information_System
Overview of and topical guide to human–computer interaction
overview of and topical guide to human–computer interaction: Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) – the intersection of computer science and behavioral sciences
Outline of human–computer interaction
Outline_of_human–computer_interaction
American computer scientist
the Stanford Research Institute where the group would build the Online System (NLS) and was there during "The Mother of All Demos" in which he appeared
Bill Paxton (computer scientist)
Bill_Paxton_(computer_scientist)
Software architect
Charles H. Irby was a software architect on SRI International's oN-Line System (NLS), where he worked to establish many of the user interface standards that
Charles_Irby
American computer manufacturer of the 1980s
and personal computer manufacturer based in Solana Beach, California, in the 1980s. The company was founded by Non-Linear Systems (NLS) to compete with
Kaypro
American computer engineer (1929–2020)
their NLS (oN-Line System). In particular, English figured out how to connect a terminal in the San Francisco Civic Auditorium to the host computer at SRI
Bill English (computer engineer)
Bill_English_(computer_engineer)
American computer scientist
“timesharing”. He led the software team that implemented the oN-Line System (NLS), a system that foreshadowed many future developments in modern computing and
Jeff_Rulifson
Wayback Machine "NLS information page – German (Austria)". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2008-10-21. "NLS information page
List of date formats by country
List_of_date_formats_by_country
developed the On-Line System (NLS), which used text-based hyperlinks manipulated with a then-new device: the mouse. (A 1968 demonstration of NLS became known as
Graphical_user_interface
American computer company
Scientific Data Systems (SDS) was an American computer company founded in September 1961 by Max Palevsky, Arthur Rock and Robert Beck, veterans of Packard
Scientific_Data_Systems
[MINUSS[.NUM]] => 'N ' *1:*1 ; MINUSS[-] => GET[*1] 'NEGATE' ; .END NLS (computer system) META II Basic/Four Donald I. Andrews, J. F. Rulifson (1967). Tree
TREE-META
American computer businessman (1919–2014)
spacecraft. At NLS he invented the digital voltmeter, in 1952. He founded Kaypro Corporation as a subsidiary of NLS in 1982, to sell computers. In 1985, it
Andrew_Kay
Machine designed to support time-sharing
"oN-Line System" (NLS) was demonstrated on the system. This machine was later used to run Community Memory, the first bulletin board system. After SDS
SDS_940
Institute of Standards and Technology NLE—Non-Linear Editing system NLP—Natural Language Processing NLS—Native Language Support NMI—Non-Maskable Interrupt NNRP—Network
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Connected or disconnected state for equipment and services
redirect targets NLS – 1960s computer collaboration system, or the "oN-Line System" Offline reader – Computer software On the fly § Computer usage – Change
Online_and_offline
Software which accepts input from humans as it runs
facilitated ARPA's research grant to Douglas Engelbart for developing the NLS system at SRI, based on his visionary manifesto published in a 1962 report, in
Interactive_computing
Annual award for developing an influential software system
list of recipients of the ACM Software System Award: Software system List of computer science awards "Software System Award Goes to Andrew S. Tanenbaum for
ACM_Software_System_Award
Means by which a user interacts with and controls a machine
became an industry standard. 1968 – Douglas Engelbart demonstrated NLS, a system which uses a mouse, pointers, hypertext, and multiple windows. 1970
User_interface
Use of information technology to augment human intelligence
with autonomous artificial systems. The idea was first proposed in the 1950s and 1960s by cybernetics and early computer pioneers. IA is sometimes contrasted
Intelligence_amplification
Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University 1968 FRESS (File Retrieval and Editing System, successor to HES) NLS (oN-Line
Timeline of hypertext technology
Timeline_of_hypertext_technology
MSDOS-like operating system
enhanced NLS 4.xx sub-system by Paul to allow multiple, distributed and possibly user-configured COUNTRY.SYS files to be used by the system at the same
DR-DOS
American electronics company
display systems, mainly the PDS-1 and PDS-4, in the late 1960s and 1970s. The PDS-1 debuted in late 1969 at that year's Fall Joint Computer Conference
IMLAC
Early packet switching network (1969–1990)
created the new NLS system, an early hypertext system, and would run the Network Information Center (NIC), with the SDS 940 that ran NLS, named "Genie"
ARPANET
Hypertext system
improved on HES's capabilities in many ways, inspired by Douglas Engelbart's NLS. FRESS implemented one of the first virtual terminal interfaces, in order
File Retrieval and Editing System
File_Retrieval_and_Editing_System
American computer scientist
Berkeley Timesharing System, which became the standard operating system for the SDS 940 mainframe that would later be used by Tymshare, NLS, and Community Memory
L._Peter_Deutsch
of Engineering and Applied Science led by Leonard Kleinrock, and the NLS system at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) led by Douglas Engelbart in Menlo
History_of_the_Internet
Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY) books can be heard on standalone DAISY players, computers using DAISY playback software, mobile phones, and
List of Digital Accessible Information System software
List_of_Digital_Accessible_Information_System_software
Architecture of computer operating systems
Specification SYSTEM.DRV, MMSOUND.DRV, COMM.DRV, VGA.DRV, MOUSE.DRV, BIGMEM.DRV, KEYBOARD.DRV – 16-bit drivers CP 1252.NLS, CP 437.NLS, UNICODE.NLS, LOCALE.NLS –
Architecture_of_Windows_9x
Tactile writing system
notetaker or with the use of a computer connected to a braille embosser. For blind readers, braille is an independent writing system, rather than a code of printed
Braille
American computer scientist (born 1936)
co-founded the Journal of Artificial Intelligence. In 1976, he sold the NLS technology developed by the Augmentation Research Center (ARC), led by Douglas
Bertram_Raphael
Tools and systems for managing one's own data
hypertext systems, The Hypertext Editing System, in 1968. That same year, Douglas Engelbart also completed work on a hypertext system called NLS (oN-Line
Personal information management
Personal_information_management
Notable people from Stanford Research Institute
contributed to the design of Engelbart's computer mouse; Jeff Rulifson, the primary software architect of the NLS; Elizabeth J. Feinler, who ran the Network
List of SRI International people
List_of_SRI_International_people
Computer control characters
or control character sets define control codes for use in text by computer systems that use ASCII and derivatives of ASCII. The codes represent additional
C0_and_C1_control_codes
A number of computer-assisted translation software and websites exists for various platforms and access types. According to a 2006 survey undertaken by
Comparison of computer-assisted translation tools
Comparison_of_computer-assisted_translation_tools
sinewave synthesis (SWS), and HADES signal processing system. Jeff Rulifson – lead programmer on the NLS project Rusty Russell – created iptables for linux
List_of_programmers
Computer user interface method
became the first text editing system to call that temporary location "the clipboard". Earlier control schemes such as NLS used a verb—object command structure
Cut,_copy,_and_paste
Academy in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England
North Leamington School (NLS) is a mixed, non-selective, comprehensive school for students aged 11 to 18 years located at the northeastern edge of Leamington
North_Leamington_School
Standard Unix utility
Unix-like systems today, including Linux, BSD systems including macOS. Similar facilities existed on earlier systems such as Multics, CTSS, PLATO, and NLS. Early
Talk_(software)
American scientific research institute (founded 1946)
and development of the multi-user oN-Line System (or NLS), featuring original versions of modern computer-human interface elements including bit-mapped
SRI_International
Engelbart and 17 of his colleagues demonstrate the new oNLine System (NLS) at the Fall Joint Computer Conference held at the Convention Center in San Francisco
History of virtual learning environments
History_of_virtual_learning_environments
Defunct software project
dissimilar systems a daunting and generally impractical task. When Berners-Lee built ENQUIRE, he was not aware of the prior ideas about Memex, NLS and Project
ENQUIRE
Comprehensive list of features of x86-based computers
deprecated archival service (link) Paul, Matthias R. (2002-09-05). "Re: [fd-dev] NLS and lowercase". freedos-dev. Retrieved 2017-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint:
Ralf_Brown's_Interrupt_List
Real-time video communication
circuit board for standard personal computers that doubled the video frame rate of typical digital videotelephone systems from 15 to 30 frames per second
Videotelephony
Programming language
Learning and Computer Modeling, Northwestern University. 2025. Retrieved 4 August 2025. Vidal, Jose (2010). "Fundamentals of Multiagent Systems Using NetLogo"
NetLogo
Self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input
a compounding effect over time). His SRI team that developed the NLS hypertext system applied this strategy by using the tool they had developed to improve
Bootstrapping
U.S. Department of Education agency
incidents at schools The National Longitudinal Study of the Class of 1972 (NLS:72), which surveyed a nationally representative cohort of high school seniors
National Center for Education Statistics
National_Center_for_Education_Statistics
Filename convention used by old versions of DOS and Windows
, #, $, %, &, ', (, ), -, @, ^, _, `, {, }, ~ Values 128–255 (though if NLS services are active in DOS, some characters interpreted as lowercase are
8.3_filename
Language, Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu, and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System (NLS).[page needed][non-primary source needed] Both Nelson and Engelbart were
History_of_the_World_Wide_Web
Book published in digital form
early 1960s, with the NLS project headed by Douglas Engelbart at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS projects headed
Ebook
Launch vehicle study
illustrations suggest that much larger rockets than NLS-1 were contemplated, using multiples of the NLS-1 core stage. Early studies looked at alternate booster
Studied_Space_Shuttle_designs
Annual award given by the Infosys Science Foundation
Retrieved 30 March 2018. Ganz, Kian. "Amebdkar U committee finds ALF founder, NLS grad Lawrence Liang sexually harassed PhD student [UPDATE: Liang issues statement]"
Infosys_Prize
American musician (born 1948)
October–December 2019". National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved
Todd_Rundgren
American video game developer
several successful military-themed games, the company started NovaLogic Systems, Inc. (NLS) on February 13, 1996. They were initially contracted by the US Army
NovaLogic
American information scientist (born 1931)
The NIC provided the first links to on-line documents using the NLS Journal system developed at ARC. Engelbart continued leading-edge research in the
Elizabeth_J._Feinler
Process of making software accessible worldwide
Hewlett-Packard and HP-UX created a system called "National Language Support" or "Native Language Support" (NLS) to produce localizable software. Some
Internationalization and localization
Internationalization_and_localization
Identification of a specific day
IBM. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved 2008-10-13. "NLS (National Language Support) information page". Microsoft. Archived from the
Calendar_date
early 1960s with the NLS project headed by Douglas Engelbart at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS projects headed
Timeline_of_ebooks
Method of referencing visual computer data
(1968), with NLS. Ben Shneiderman working with graduate student Dan Ostroff designed and implemented the highlighted link in the HyperTIES system in 1983.
Hyperlink
Braille form of musical notation
available from the National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) of the Library of Congress (free for qualified people) and elsewhere. Most
Braille_music
Software system
while leveraging SAP HANA's in-memory speed for operational reporting: SAP-NLS Solution for SAP BW(/4) all Releases In this scenario, SAP Enterprise Resource
SAP_IQ
Framework for cryptographic protocols
plans". moderncrypto.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15. "nls_spec/output/nls.pdf at master · noiseprotocol/nls_spec" (PDF). GitHub. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
Noise_Protocol_Framework
Combined executable file for multiple processor types or operating systems
but a binary NLS database file for use with the CONFIG.SYS COUNTRY directive and the NLSFUNC driver. Likewise, the PC DOS and DR-DOS system files IBMBIO
Fat_binary
Type of software
abilities, including learning. Debuting in 1968, the system was simply called the oNLine System (NLS). In the same year, Dale McCuaig presented the initial
Social_software
Organization
Internet. The NIC provided the first links to online documents using the NLS Journal system developed at SRI's Augmentation Research Center. On the ARPANET, hosts
InterNIC
US program providing audiobooks to the visually impaired
downloaded from the NLS's Braille and Audio Reading Download (BARD) system, which allows for digital books on desktop computers and some mobile devices
Books_for_the_Blind
Type of weapon that fires a concentrated beam of energy at its target
through antennas or sensor apertures where they can fool guidance systems, scramble computer memories or even burn out sensitive electronic components. AESA
Directed-energy_weapon
Unexpectedly large transient ocean surface wave
Peregrine soliton, and waves modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), suggest that modulational instability can create an unusual sea state where
Rogue_wave
Sets of characters used in the 1980s & 90s
VISCII, which replaces some of the C0 (i.e. ASCII) control codes. Early computer systems had limited storage and restricted the number of bits available to
Windows_code_page
Video game genre
Federation officially recognized participating in the NLS's official sim racing series, Digital NLS, as counting toward a Permit B license. His activities
Sim_racing
Follow up to CUTE-1.7 + APD nanosatellite
Research Organisation (ISRO) as part of the Nanosatellite Launch Service 4 (NLS-4) mission along with CanX-2, AAUSAT-II, Compass-1, Delfi-C3 and SEEDS-2
CUTE-1.7_+_APD_II
Country within the United Kingdom
first spaceport". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2024. "Emigration". www.nls.uk. National Library of Scotland. Archived from the original on 11 January
Scotland
Genetic study of ancient Neanderthal DNA
catabolic process] term had the greatest excess of NLS in populations of European descent, with an average NLS frequency of 20.8±2.6% versus 5.9±0.08% genome
Neanderthal_genetics
Canadian CubeSat nanosatellite program
Agilent CMOS Imagers Active Magnetic Attitude Control System (ACS) GPS Receiver ARM7-based On-Board Computer (OBC) The imager payload aboard CanX-1 consists
Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program
Canadian_Advanced_Nanospace_eXperiment_Program
Project to identify new stream ciphers for widespread adoption
3 none of the ciphers providing authentication are being considered (The NLS cipher had authentication removed from it to improve its performance). As
ESTREAM
and hypertext systems used for documentation and software in the 1980s, and some actualized origins in the 1970s "Journal" feature of NLS. Its distant
History_of_wikis
Female-only single-seater racing championship
campaign". Racers - Behind the Helmet. 11 May 2023. "Caitlin Wood makes NLS debut as 2022 season gets underway at the Green Hell". Racers - Behind the
W_Series_(championship)
Drives with both 4k logical and 4k physical sectors are not supported. The NLS casing table in NTFS has been updated so that partitions formatted with Windows
Technical features new to Windows Vista
Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
States GDS and airline hosting system (CRS/PSS) 1T n/a Hitit Computer Services n/a Turkey Computer reservation system 1U n/a Google/ITA n/a United States
List_of_airline_codes
addressing, the dynamic linker and a collaborative real-time editor using NLS. Beniamino Segre describes a version of the tennis ball theorem. January
1968_in_science
Tool of editors for programming, scripting and markup
differences. The earliest known example of code folding in an editor is in NLS. Probably the first widely available folding editor was the 1974 Structured
Code_folding
US Congress research library
Congress National Library Service (NLS) Video: "Library of Congress in 1968 – Computer Automation" on YouTube from Computer History Archive Project Library
Library_of_Congress
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
catabolic process] term had the greatest excess of NLS in populations of European descent, with an average NLS frequency of 20.8±2.6% versus 5.9±0.08% genome
Early_modern_human
Art school at Nottingham Trent University
digital loom and embroidery equipment Laser cutting technology Computer suites, CAD systems, image and sound editing studios Exhibition galleries Art and
Nottingham School of Art and Design
Nottingham_School_of_Art_and_Design
Impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells
"Braille Embossers". National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-09-12. "Braille Printers". The American
Braille_embosser
Nonprofit charitable organization
(NLS) uses the Talking Books Program to assist people who are unable to read standard print material due to visual and/or physical impairments. NLS provides
Pioneers,_a_Volunteer_Network
Robotic mission that deployed the ''Curiosity'' rover to Mars in 2012
flight team to the rover. The rover's computers run VxWorks, a real-time operating system from Wind River Systems. During the trip to Mars, VxWorks ran
Mars_Science_Laboratory
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To Compete with Pride
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Devoted to God.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Ioannes, JÃNOS means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Scandinavian, Swedish
Champion; Son of Neil; People of Victory; Victorious Person
Male
Swedish
Swedish form of Greek Nikolaos, NILS means "victor of the people."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Swedish Scandinavian Greek Danish
Chief.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Boy/Male
Celtic Swedish American English Gaelic
Chief.
Male
Swedish
Variant form of Swedish Nils, NELS means "victor of the people."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celtic, Danish, English, Gaelic, Irish, Scandinavian, Swedish
Chief; Son of Neil; Champion; People of Victory; Victorious Person
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unattained; Cannot be Competed with
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Dionysios, DÉNES means "follower of Dionysos."
Girl/Female
Australian, Dutch, Hebrew, Netherlands, Scottish, Swedish
Pledge from God; Devoted to God; My God is a Vow
Male
Hebrew
(× Öµ×¡) Hebrew name NES means "miracle."
Girl/Female
Muslim
To compete with pride
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Greek Ionas, JÓNAS means "dove."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Mythical reborn sun.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fait, Noble, Relative
Girl/Female
Italian Greek
Famous bearer: Alcine is mistress of alluring enchantments and sensual pleasures in the Orlando...
Girl/Female
Tamil
Born to wealthy parents, The mother of Kabir, To adjust
Boy/Male
Muslim
Canopus. Name of a star.
Girl/Female
British, English
Beloved of God
Girl/Female
Greek
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kaunteya | கௌநà¯à®¤à¯‡à®¯
(Son of Kunti)
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Mythical goddess of the ocean.
Male
Greek
(Λουκανός) Greek form of Latin Lucanus, LOUKANOS means "from Lucania," a region of southern Italy. Lucania probably comes from the word lux, meaning "light."
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
NLS COMPUTER-SYSTEM
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
v. i.
To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
v. t.
To compute; to count.
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
v. i.
To calculate; to compute.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
n.
see Ils Jack.
v. t.
To compute erroneously.
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
v. i.
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
n.
One who computes.
n.
Compiler.
n.
A computer.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compete