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Obsolete Scots law verdict
Not proven (Scottish Gaelic: gun dearbhadh) was a verdict available to a court of law in Scotland until 2026. From 1728, under Scots law, a criminal trial
Not_proven
2019 American legal drama television series
Proven Innocent is an American legal drama television series created by David Elliot, which premiered on February 15, 2019, on Fox. The series follows
Proven_Innocent
Deelgemeente in West Flanders, Belgium
Proven is a rural village in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a "deelgemeente" of the municipality Poperinge. The village has about 1400 inhabitants
Proven
included. Different estimates may or may not include oil shale, mined oil sands, or natural gas liquids. Because proven reserves include oil recoverable under
List of countries by proven oil reserves
List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves
Novel by Jim Butcher
Proven Guilty is the 8th book in The Dresden Files, Jim Butcher's continuing series about wizard detective Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden. It had
Proven_Guilty
Measure of fossil fuel energy reserves
and also affect the amount of proven reserves. If a reserve's resources can be recovered using current technology but is not economically profitable it is
Proven_reserves
Legal principle that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty
principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is
Presumption_of_innocence
2015 book by Michael Greger
How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease is a book by Michael Greger, M.D. with Gene Stone, published in
How_Not_to_Die_(book)
Topics referred to by the same term
Guilty until proven innocent refers to the presumption of guilt. Guilty until proven innocent may also refer to: "Guilty Until Proven Innocent", a 2000
Guilty until proven innocent (disambiguation)
Guilty_until_proven_innocent_(disambiguation)
2000 song by Jay-Z
"Guilty Until Proven Innocent" is the third and final single from rapper Jay-Z's 2000 album The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. It features production by Rockwilder
Guilty_Until_Proven_Innocent
Informal fallacy
it has not yet been proven false or a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true. If a proposition has not yet been proven true, one
Argument_from_ignorance
proven gas reserves were dominated by three countries: Iran, Russia, and Qatar. There is some disagreement on which country has the largest proven gas
List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves
Proven was a hiring tool and content hub for small businesses across the United States. Proven's software allowed managers to post their jobs to over 100
Proven_(company)
The Trial of Joan of Arc at Rouen, 1431 is an adaptation by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht of a radio play by Anna Seghers. It was written in collaboration
The Trial of Joan of Arc at Rouen, 1431
The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_at_Rouen,_1431
2018 book by Augusten Burroughs
This Is How: Proven Aid in Overcoming Shyness, Molestation, Fatness, Spinsterhood, Grief, Disease, Lushery, Decrepitude & More for Young and Old Alike
This_Is_How
1978 studio album by Skyhooks
Guilty Until Proven Insane is the fourth studio album released by Skyhooks on 13 March 1978. It was the first album to feature Bob Spencer, who replaced
Guilty_Until_Proven_Insane
English politician
John Morley (by 1530 – will proven 1565) was an English politician. He was a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Lewes in November 1554. "MORLEY
John Morley (will proven 1565)
John_Morley_(will_proven_1565)
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
believe this variation is wrong until a specific unification is empirically proven. Finally, some hold that pluralism should be allowed for normative reasons
Scientific_method
Presumption that a person is guilty of a crime
justice system refers to presumption that a suspect is guilty unless or until proven to be innocent, as opposed to the legal principle of presumption of innocence
Presumption_of_guilt
Industry concept of crude oil and natural gas reserves and resources
and/or engineering criteria similar to those used in estimating Proven reserves. Though not classified as contingent, some technical, contractual, or regulatory
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification
1998 studio album by Prime Suspects
Guilty Til Proven Innocent is the only studio album by American hip-hop group Prime Suspects. It was released on October 6, 1998 via No Limit/Priority
Guilty_'til_Proven_Innocent
Phase of clinical research in medicine
they may receive no direct benefit (because they are not paid, the study drug is not yet proven to work, or the patient may receive a placebo). In the
Clinical_trial
Filipino street food
Proben or proven, sometimes also called "chicken proben", is a type of street food popular in some regions of the Philippines. It consists essentially
Proben
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says roughly that the probability
Prime_number
1992 murder in the United Kingdom
Glasgow and was acquitted when the jury returned a majority verdict of "not proven". A bid by prosecutors to try Auld for a second time on the basis of new
Murder_of_Amanda_Duffy
five proven victims who acted alone and were neither medical professionals nor contract killers. It excludes murderers with less than three proven victims
List of serial killers by number of victims
List_of_serial_killers_by_number_of_victims
American actress
lesbian comedy film Lez Bomb. and as a recurring character in Fox legal drama Proven Innocent. In 2019 she could be seen in the civil rights film Best of Enemies
Caitlin_Mehner
Legal verdict
a conviction is an acquittal (that is, "not guilty"). In Scotland, there can also be a verdict of "not proven", which is considered an acquittal. Sometimes
Conviction
People who were with William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066
battle can be found in reliable sources. This group is sometimes called the "proven companions", Many lists and so-called "rolls" of other alleged companions
Companions of William the Conqueror
Companions_of_William_the_Conqueror
Natural number
only four known double Mersenne primes. The primality of this number was proven by Leonhard Euler, who reported the proof in a letter to Daniel Bernoulli
2,147,483,647
Concept in criminal law
Special circumstances are elements of the crime itself, and thus must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt during the guilt phase of the trial. As such,
Special circumstances (criminal law)
Special_circumstances_(criminal_law)
Prime fulfilling an inequality related to the prime-counting function
mathematics, a Ramanujan prime is a prime number that satisfies a result proven by Srinivasa Ramanujan relating to the prime-counting function. In 1919
Ramanujan_prime
1944 oil-related contract in Canada
The Norman Wells Proven Area Agreement, signed in 1944 by the federal government of Canada and Imperial Oil Limited, grants Imperial Oil the exclusive
Norman Wells Proven Area Agreement
Norman_Wells_Proven_Area_Agreement
Oil reserves located in Saudi Arabia
The proven oil reserves in Saudi Arabia are reportedly the second largest in the world, estimated in 2017 to be 268 billion barrels (4.3×10^10 m3) (Gbbl
Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia
Scottish judge (1685–1753)
into Scottish juries the possible verdicts of guilty or not guilty as against proven or not proven. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1748
Robert Dundas of Arniston, the Elder
Robert_Dundas_of_Arniston,_the_Elder
of countries by natural gas production List of countries by natural gas-proven reserves List of countries by natural gas consumption List of countries
List of countries by oil extraction
List_of_countries_by_oil_extraction
usually deny consensus opinion and cannot be proven using historical or scientific methods, and are not to be confused with research concerning verified
List_of_conspiracy_theories
Legal cause of action
malpractice usually has three characteristics. Firstly, it must be proven that the treatment has not been consistent with the standard of care, which is the standard
Medical_malpractice
Neurodevelopmental disorder
combination with psychotherapy; exercise and dietary modifications have no proven benefit. The precise causes of ADHD are unknown in most individual cases
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Canadian-American actress (born 1979)
Under the Dome (2013–2015). In 2019, she starred in the FOX legal series Proven Innocent. Lefevre was born in Montreal, Quebec, where she was raised by
Rachelle_Lefevre
Conviction requires proof of a crime
the crime'; pl. corpora delicti), is the principle that a crime must be proven to have occurred before a person could be convicted of having committed
Corpus_delicti
their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's
List_of_Freemasons_(A–D)
Existing baronetcies
entered on the Official Roll of the Baronetage. Persons who have not proven their claims may not be officially styled as baronets. This was ordained by Royal
List_of_extant_baronetcies
and includes countries with at least 0.1% share of the estimated world's proven reserves of coal. All data are taken from the German Federal Institute for
List of countries by coal reserves
List_of_countries_by_coal_reserves
Chemical compound
actoprotector properties, but these purported properties of emoxypine have not been proven. Its chemical structure resembles that of pyridoxine (a type of vitamin
Emoxypine
criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal. The 'not proven' verdict in modern Scots
Scottish_criminal_law
evidence or official self-admission from involved parties. It includes proven helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and military drones (UCAVs) losses. 28
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the 2026 Iran war
List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_2026_Iran_war
English-language idiom
been proven wrong after taking a strong position. The crow is a carrion-eater that is presumably repulsive to eat in the same way that being proven wrong
Eating_crow
Unscientific healthcare practices
is conventional medical fact, and this classification does not include therapies with proven function such as cognitive behavioral therapy. "Biology"-based
Alternative_medicine
Glare reducer
applied under the eyes to reduce glare, although studies have not conclusively proven its effectiveness. It is often used by American football, baseball
Eye_black
Species of flowering plant
outdoor container plant, or a garden groundcover. The species has been proven useful in indicating and removing air and soil pollutants and has also been
Tradescantia_pallida
Software development methodology
important data transmitted over networks. Do not attempt to implement your own encryption scheme, use a proven one instead. Message checking with a hash
Defensive_programming
entity) is a type of fictional entity, typically a hybrid, that has not been proven and that is described in folklore (including myths and legends), but
List of Greek mythological creatures
List_of_Greek_mythological_creatures
Chemical compound
a potential cause of schizophrenia. While adrenochrome has no currently proven medical application, the semicarbazide derivative, carbazochrome, is a hemostatic
Adrenochrome
1980 neo-Nazi terrorist attack in Munich, West Germany
accomplices or backers in the bombing could not be proven beyond reasonable doubt, although it still could not be precluded. Excluding the perpetrators,
Oktoberfest_bombing
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
Dubawi (foaled 7 February 2002) is a retired Thoroughbred racehorse. He has proven himself a top-class sire. Dubawi is a bay horse with no white markings bred
Dubawi
Iranian medium-range hypersonic missile
that "Fattah 1 hasn't proven itself to be operational or even work" and that "the missiles have not been proven and they are not likely ready for combat
Fattah-2
Association football club in Germany
2023. RB Leipzig's entrance into the upper echelons of German football has proven controversial, as the club's heavy corporate influence is regarded by many
RB_Leipzig
Football club in Kerala
assembled a star-studded squad that combined experienced Indian names with proven foreigners. The most notable domestic signing was Anas Edathodika, the former
Malappuram_FC
Oil reserves located in Venezuela
The proven oil reserves in Venezuela are recognized as the largest in the world, totaling 300 billion barrels (4.8×1010 m3) as of 1 January 2014, though
Oil_reserves_in_Venezuela
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
time"). Although such an algorithm is generally believed not to exist, this belief has not been proven or disproven mathematically. Resolving the question
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Russian oncologist
Institutet Professor. On April 28, 2000, he along with his colleagues have proven that UV-induced DNA photoproduct levels do increase as people get older
Vladimir_Bykov
Cycling championships
(Australia) "2025 Oceania Track Championships". Retrieved 12 February 2025. "Proven performers, new faces enjoy Oceania Track Cycling opener". Cycling New Zealand
2025 Oceania Track Championships
2025_Oceania_Track_Championships
In mathematics, a non-algebraic number
yet to be proven to be either transcendental or algebraic: Most nontrivial combinations of two or more transcendental numbers are themselves not known to
Transcendental_number
Reputably reported languages later shown to not exist
has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting
Spurious_languages
visual evidence or official confirmation from involved parties. It includes proven helicopter, fixed-wing aircraft and combat drone (UCAVs) losses from the
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Russo-Ukrainian war
List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Austrian–British philosopher of science (1902–1994)
Science. According to Popper, a theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can (and should) be scrutinised
Karl_Popper
Species of snake
endemic to South America. A semi-arboreal species (not only do they climb in the wild but also proven in captivity), it is known for its attractive iridescent/holographic
Rainbow_boa
Galaxy (M33) and its satellites. Although the Triangulum Galaxy does not have any proven satellite galaxies, a number of galaxies are suspected of being in
List of Triangulum's suspected satellite galaxies
List_of_Triangulum's_suspected_satellite_galaxies
Sex toy
means of permanent penis enlargement. Their effectiveness has not been scientifically proven. There is also a risk of hematomas and tissue damage if excessive
Penis_pump
Statement on equilibrium in electromagnetism
solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. This was first proven by British mathematician Samuel Earnshaw in 1842. It is usually cited in
Earnshaw's_theorem
mixed alcoholic beverage made from ginger brandy and rum, purported but not proven to be the first of its kind in the United States, with earliest documentation
Coow_Woow
and gas industry in the United Kingdom List of countries by natural gas proven reserves List of countries by natural gas production List of countries by
Natural_gas_by_country
Canadian-American motivational speaker and author (born 1944)
Practical and Proven Techniques You Can Use Immediately (2001), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; ISBN 9781576751695. Focal Point: A Proven System to Simplify
Brian_Tracy
Proposition in mathematics that is unproven
such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new
Conjecture
Indian mathematician (1887–1920)
had never seen anything in the least like them before", and some recently proven but highly advanced results. Throughout his life, Ramanujan independently
Srinivasa_Ramanujan
Medical imaging procedure
is contraindicated. Since its development in the 1970s, CT scanning has proven to be a versatile imaging technique. While CT is most prominently used in
CT_scan
WWII guided missile developed by Nazi Germany
designed by Germany during World War II. The X-4 did not see operational service and thus was not proven in combat but inspired considerable post-war work
Ruhrstahl_X-4
Mathematical set containing all objects
In set theory as usually formulated, it can be proven in multiple ways that a universal set does not exist. However, some non-standard variants of set
Universal_set
Compound intended to improve cognitive function
some nootropic products had not been approved as a prescription drug effective for any medical purpose, were not proven to be safe, and were illegally
Nootropic
Scottish alleged murderer (1835–1928)
verdict of not guilty on the first count (of administering poison on the first occasion of L'Angelier being ill) and a verdict of "not proven" on the second
Madeleine_Smith
limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proven by having had representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference
Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador
Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador
Estimation in number theory
{1}{p_{n}}}-1}-1\right)} . None of the three forms have yet been proven or disproven. Cramér gave a conditional proof of the much weaker statement
Cramér's_conjecture
Medical condition
tooth enamel. It is usually treated with surgery; chemotherapy has not been proven to be effective. Common symptoms of ameloblastic carcinomas are pain
Ameloblastic_carcinoma
Form of kissing using tongue-to-tongue interaction
sensation when two tongues touch—also known as tongue touching—has been proven to stimulate endorphin release and reduce acute stress levels. Extended
French_kiss
believed that there are infinitely many such number fields, but this has not been proven. The class number of a number field is by definition the order of the
List of number fields with class number one
List_of_number_fields_with_class_number_one
Name list
of the feminine name Stela which means star in Latin language, it is not proven. Stellan Bengtsson (born 1952), Swedish table tennis player Stellan Bojerud
Stellan
1828 series of killings in Edinburgh, Scotland
against his wife was found not proven—a Scottish legal verdict to acquit an individual as the prosecution had not proven their guilt. Burke was hanged
Burke_and_Hare_murders
Territory and oilfield in Venezuela
date is not specified. Junín Block 3 was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA. The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA. The total proven reserves
Orinoco_Belt
mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans. This list is not exhaustive and does not contain many fungi that, although not deadly, are still harmful
List of deadly mushroom species
List_of_deadly_mushroom_species
Legal result of a "not guilty" verdict
verdicts: not guilty and not proven. Secondary legislation laid before the Scottish Parliament in December 2025 provided for the abolition of the not proven verdict
Acquittal
English post-punk band
have been highly regarded by critics as pioneers of early DIY music and proven to be widely influential on the C86 and twee generation, as well as Creation
Television_Personalities
to have invented alphabets or other writing systems, whether this is proven or not. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa – German alchemist, created the Transitus
List of creators of writing systems
List_of_creators_of_writing_systems
Oil reserves located in Russia
There have been widely varying estimates of proven oil reserves in Russia. Most estimates included only Western Siberian reserves, which have been exploited
Oil_reserves_in_Russia
Open source text and code editing program
features "Release 1.22.0". 30 September 2026. Retrieved 1 October 2026. Proven, Liam (15 July 2024). "Fresh programmer's editor on Linux lies Zed ahead"
Zed_(text_editor)
4th-century handwritten Bible copy in Greek
Vaticanus was unrivalled. Since its discovery, study of Codex Sinaiticus has proven to be useful to scholars for critical studies of the biblical text. Codex
Codex_Sinaiticus
their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's
List_of_Freemasons
Logic statement about a formal system proven in a metalanguage
In logic, a metatheorem is a statement about a formal system proven in a metalanguage. Unlike theorems proved within a given formal system, a metatheorem
Metatheorem
Species of flowering plant
in reality all cultivars of G. albertii. Proven by the inflorescences of those cultivars. G. lietzei does not have a massively sold variegated cultivar
Goeppertia_albertii
Board game in the mancala family
probable ties based on very deep searches, however, the result has not yet been proven. "Empty Capture" Variant: move result perfect play continuation
Kalah
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance