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Initial step in the phase transition or molecular self-assembly of a substance
In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organisation
Nucleation
Theory of nucleation
Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is the most common theoretical model used to quantitatively study the kinetics of nucleation. Nucleation is the first
Classical_nucleation_theory
Process by which a solid with a highly organized structure forms
concentration. Crystallization occurs in two main phases. The first is nucleation, the appearance of a crystalline phase from either a supercooled liquid
Crystallization
Quick freezing by exposure to cryogenic temperatures
process is closely related to classical nucleation theory. When water freezes slowly, crystals grow from fewer nucleation sites, resulting in fewer and larger
Flash_freezing
Hypothetical vacuum, less stable than true vacuum
suggestion of how such a decay might happen in our universe is called bubble nucleation—if a small region of the universe by chance reached a more stable vacuum
False_vacuum
Philosophical thought experiment
quantum fluctuation, or by a thermal fluctuation generally involving nucleation. By one calculation, a Boltzmann brain would appear as a quantum fluctuation
Boltzmann_brain
Particle with size less than 100 nm
classical nucleation theory explained that the nucleation rate will correspond to the driving force. One method for measuring the nucleation rate is through
Nanoparticle
Filament Formation
In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the process that initiates the formation of microtubules. These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form
Microtubule_nucleation
Particle helping to form an ice crystal
ice crystal in the atmosphere. There are a number of mechanisms of ice nucleation in the atmosphere through which ice nuclei can catalyse the formation
Ice_nucleus
Hoffman nucleation theory is a theory developed by John D. Hoffman and coworkers in the 1970s and 80s that attempts to describe the crystallization of
Hoffman_nucleation_theory
Study of the physical processes in atmospheric clouds
Homogeneous ice nucleation occurs in supercooled liquid droplets without the presence of a foreign substance that can aid the nucleation. For a typical
Cloud_physics
Eruption caused by mixing Diet Coke and Mentos
nucleation), and much lower if bubble growth occurs within tiny bubbles trapped in some other surface (heterogeneous nucleation). Bubble nucleation and
Soda_geyser
Removing positive ions from hard water
polymeric beads with surfaces that allow nucleation of tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The initial nucleation of the gas bubbles can occur due to depressurization
Water_softening
Translucent polycrystalline solid
glasses to a carefully regulated heat treatment schedule, resulting in the nucleation and growth of crystal phases. In many cases, the crystallization process
Glass-ceramic
Small particles on which water vapor condenses
into space. Bergeron process Contrail Evapotranspiration Global dimming Nucleation Seed crystal Water cycle "Formation of Haze, Fog, and Clouds: Condensation
Cloud_condensation_nuclei
States of matter for water as a solid
with various techniques including pressurization, force application, nucleation agents, and others. On Earth, most ice is found in the hexagonal Ice Ih
Phases_of_ice
Phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in air
by the presence of nucleation sites on which the suspended water phase can congeal. Thus even such unusual sources of nucleation as small ejecta particulates
Mist
Phase transition of liquid to solid
needed] Crystallization consists of two major events, nucleation and crystal growth. Nucleation is the step wherein the molecules start to gather into
Freezing
Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
crystal homogeneous nucleation occurs. Homogeneous nucleation can occur above the glass transition temperature, but if homogeneous nucleation has not occurred
Supercooling
Polymer of tubulin that forms part of the cytoskeleton
for the nucleation of microtubules. Because nucleation from the centrosome is inherently symmetrical, Golgi-associated microtubule nucleation may allow
Microtubule
Elements and compounds that are readily vaporized
homogeneous nucleation. The surface tension acts on the bubbles shrinking the surface and forces them back to the liquid. The nucleation process is greater
Volatile_(astrogeology)
Description of constant-temperature solid phase changes
approaches completion, there remains little untransformed material for further nucleation, and the production of new particles begins to slow. Additionally, the
Avrami_equation
Macromolecular complex
ARP3, closely resemble the structure of monomeric actin and serve as nucleation sites for new actin filaments. The complex binds to the sides of existing
Arp2/3_complex
Mechanism of spontaneous phase separation
thermodynamic phase spontaneously separates into two phases (without nucleation). Decomposition occurs when there is no thermodynamic barrier to phase
Spinodal_decomposition
Reduction in ductility of a metal exposed to hydrogen
Hydrogen-enhanced localised plasticity (HELP): Hydrogen increases the nucleation and movement of dislocations at a crack tip. HELP results in crack propagation
Hydrogen_embrittlement
Major stage of a crystallization process
initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already
Crystal_growth
Substance within a material that differs from its chemical composition
crystallization as they can act as nucleation sites that start crystal growth. Impurities can also play a role in nucleation of other phase transitions in
Chemical_impurity
Process of forming new, defect-free crystal grains within a material
Thermally activated. The rate of the microscopic mechanisms controlling the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains depend on the annealing temperature
Recrystallization (metallurgy)
Recrystallization_(metallurgy)
Temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth
Evaporation Humidity buffering (Atm.) Pressure Liquid water Avogadro's law Nucleation Thermodynamic equilibrium Measures and instruments Heat index Sat. vap
Wet-bulb_temperature
Heating a liquid to a temperature above its boiling point without boiling
achieved by heating a homogeneous substance in a clean container, free of nucleation sites, while taking care not to disturb the liquid. This may occur by
Superheating
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
to as heterogeneous nucleation. This effect is poorly understood and irregular, so that the same additive can promote nucleation in one polymer, but not
Crystallization_of_polymers
Small piece of a single crystal used to initiate growth of a larger crystal
lattice will be referred to as nucleation. Seeding can therefore decrease the necessary amount of time needed for nucleation to occur in a recrystallization
Seed_crystal
Aerosol nucleation experiment at CERN
Henrik Svensmark and colleagues) CLOUD allows as well to measure aerosol nucleation and growth under controlled laboratory conditions. Atmospheric aerosols
CLOUD_experiment
Nucleation process in microcellular foaming
In microcellular plastics, Nucleation is the first step in creating microcellular foams. In this process, a polymer is first saturated with a gas under
Nucleation in microcellular foaming
Nucleation_in_microcellular_foaming
Feature of biological cell structure
an alternative self assembly model, microtubules undergo acentrosomal nucleation among the condensed chromosomes. Constrained by cellular dimensions, lateral
Spindle_apparatus
Physical process
characterised by the growth of bubbles or pops on a heated surface (heterogeneous nucleation), which rises from discrete points on a surface, whose temperature is
Boiling
Protein trimer with three actin monomers
An actin nucleation core is a protein trimer with three actin monomers. It is called a nucleation core because it leads to the energetically favorable
Actin_nucleation_core
Protein family
Bacterial ice-nucleation proteins are a family of proteins that enable Gram-negative bacteria to promote nucleation of ice at relatively high temperatures
Bacterial ice-nucleation proteins
Bacterial_ice-nucleation_proteins
Linear crystallographic defect or irregularity
the energy required for homogeneous nucleation is high. For instance, the stress required for homogeneous nucleation in copper has been shown to be τ hom
Dislocation
Extent of slip in the Earth's crust that occurs during an earthquake
rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture
Earthquake_rupture
State of a solution that contains more solute than can be dissolved at equilibrium
site for crystals to form, now called "seeds" (for more information, see nucleation). Expanding upon this, Gay-Lussac brought attention to the kinematics
Supersaturation
Earthquake that occurs before a mainshock but is of lower magnitude
earthquakes suggests that they are part of a preparation process prior to nucleation. In one model of earthquake rupture, the process forms as a cascade, starting
Foreshock
Coating or deposit of ice
propagation of crystal formation occurs by the process of nucleation, in specific, water nucleation, which is the same phenomenon responsible for the formation
Frost
Phenomenon in nanoscale materials
solid ρl=density of liquid d=diameter of nanoparticle The liquid shell nucleation model (LSN) predicts that a surface layer of atoms melts prior to the
Melting-point_depression
Steel microstructure characterized by long needle-like grains
is formed in the interior of the original austenitic grains by direct nucleation on the inclusions, resulting in randomly oriented short ferrite needles
Acicular_ferrite
Vaporizing laser beam in a vacuum chamber
– The surface temperature has a large effect on the nucleation density. Generally, the nucleation density decreases as the temperature is increased. Heating
Pulsed_laser_deposition
Cola soft drink
resulting fluids can be made available for consumption without bubble nucleation and resulting foam formation. FGBA-1 flew on STS-63 in 1995 and dispensed
Coca-Cola
Phenomenon in materials science
crystal structure with the same chemical composition (a polymorph) during nucleation. Sometimes the resulting transformation is extremely hard or impractical
Disappearing_polymorph
to grow. Formation of such stable nuclei is called nucleation. At the beginning of the nucleation process, the system finds itself in an initial phase
Critical_radius
Type of particle counter
the particles as nucleation centers to create droplets in a supersaturated gas. Three techniques have been used to produce nucleation: Adiabatic expansion
Condensation_particle_counter
Yielding mechanism in polymers
crazes, indicating a barrier to craze nucleation. The time delay between the application of stress and the nucleation of crazes can be attributed to the
Crazing
Naturally occurring volcanic glass
the diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step (nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. Together with rapid cooling, this
Obsidian
Region around a material grain boundary free of solid impurities
stochastically-oriented grains) where heterogeneous nucleation of precipitates is the dominant nucleation mechanism. This is because grain boundaries are
Precipitate-free_zone
Crystal growth process relative to the substrate used as seed
adsorbate-surface interactions, leading to island formation by local nucleation and the epitaxial layer is formed when the islands join. In the FM growth
Epitaxy
Bacterial rain-making process
contain microorganisms that influence the formation of clouds by their ice nucleation properties. The formation of ice in clouds is required for snow and most
Bioprecipitation
Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
the thermodynamic equilibrium value, condensation occurs in presence of nucleation sites. This principle is indigenous in cloud chambers, where ionized particles
Vapor_pressure
Construction material
Calcium carbonate nucleation depends on four major factors: Calcium concentration DIC concentration pH levels Availability of nucleation sites As long as
Living_building_material
Temperature graphs plotted against time
This transformation is complete at Pf curve. Nucleation requires an incubation time. The rate of nucleation increases and the rate of microconstituent growth
Isothermal transformation diagram
Isothermal_transformation_diagram
Mathematical function having a characteristic S-shaped curve or sigmoid curve
re-analyze kinetic data, the so-called N-t curves, from heterogeneous nucleation experiments, in electrochemistry. The hierarchy includes at present three
Sigmoid_function
Mammalian protein found in humans
Actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL, also known as Neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASL gene
Actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL
Actin_nucleation-promoting_factor_WASL
Insoluble protein aggregate with a fibrillar morphology
steps of amyloid fibril formation, i.e. primary nucleation, fibril elongation, secondary nucleation and fibril fragmentation. The rate constants of the
Amyloid
Pearl created under human-controlled conditions
Cultured pearls are pearls which are formed within a cultured pearl sac with human intervention in the interior of productive living molluscs in a variety
Cultured_pearl
Thin layer of material
phenomena. Nucleation is an important step in growth that helps determine the final structure of a thin film. Many growth methods rely on nucleation control
Thin_film
incorporating the ease of propagation (self-replication) with respect to nucleation. It is named for co-discoverers Bruno H. Zimm and J. K. Bragg. Helix-coil
Zimm–Bragg_model
Spherical regions inside a polymer
the melt and is controlled by several parameters such as the number of nucleation sites, structure of the polymer molecules, cooling rate, etc. Depending
Spherulite_(polymer_physics)
Alloy steel
used to tie up sulfur) and also forms oxides that are necessary for the nucleation of acicular ferrite. Acicular ferrite is desirable in HY-80 steels because
HY-80
also referred to as the curli biogenesis pathway or the extracellular nucleation-precipitation pathway. It is associated with the formation of biofilms
Type_VIII_secretion_system
Phenomenon observed in drink mixing
surfactants. It forms a stable homogeneous fluid dispersion by liquid–liquid nucleation. The size of the droplets when measured by small-angle neutron scattering
Ouzo_effect
Substances used to calm the boiling process
a stirring rod can cause violent flash boiling. Boiling chips provide nucleation sites so the liquid boils smoothly without becoming superheated or bumping
Boiling_chip
Shapes for crystals with interfaces and twins
thermodynamics, but rather on growth kinetics. In many cases growth occurs via the nucleation of small islands on the surface then their sideways growth, either step-flow
Extended_Wulff_constructions
French sparkling wine
consistently act as nucleation points as the surface tension of the liquid smooths out these minute irregularities. The nucleation sites that act as a
Champagne
transition into a stable two-phase state because of a massive homogeneous nucleation of vapour bubbles. M. M. Martynyuk pioneered this concept in 1976 and
Explosive_boiling
leading to the collapse of the feudal system in the 19th century. Village nucleation is the process by which villages become amalgamated, creating larger and
Economics_of_feudal_Japan
Elastic stress waves in a solid
nature. The figure shows the mechanism of the AE act (event) during the nucleation of a microcrack due to the breakthrough of the dislocations pile-up (dislocation
Acoustic_emission
Protein
junctions, and it can act as a transcription factor. mDia1 accelerates actin nucleation and elongation by interacting with barbed ends (fast-growing ends) of
MDia1
the Earth's crust, allowing experimentalists to directly observe fault nucleation, rupture propagation, and friction dynamics that are observationally inaccessible
Labquake
Growth of a thin film on a crystal surface
chemical potential of the deposited film, growth continues through the nucleation and coalescence of adsorbate 'islands'. This growth mechanism was first
Stranski–Krastanov_growth
Form of insidious localized corrosion in which a pit develops at the anode site
corrosion, it develops in three successive steps: (1) initiation (or nucleation) by breakdown of the passive film protecting the metal surface from oxidation
Pitting_corrosion
American surface chemist (1953–2020)
the following three areas. Thiel's research group pioneered studies of nucleation and growth of metal films on quasicrystal surfaces, demonstrating that
Patricia_Thiel
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
protein (WASp). WASp can then bind the Arp2/3 complex and serve as an actin nucleation point. Subsequent actin polymerization creates a "phagocytic cup", an
Listeria_monocytogenes
computer timescale. Examples include protein folding, chemical reactions and nucleation. Standard simulation tools such as molecular dynamics can generate the
Transition_path_sampling
Germanium-antimony-tellurium material
growth-dominated material while GeSbTe is known as a nucleation-dominated material. In GeSbTe, the nucleation process of crystallization is long with many small
GeSbTe
Temperature of air as measured by a thermometer shielded from radiation and moisture
Evaporation Humidity buffering (Atm.) Pressure Liquid water Avogadro's law Nucleation Thermodynamic equilibrium Measures and instruments Heat index Sat. vap
Dry-bulb_temperature
Type of steel crystalline structure
elements such as tungsten that interfere with cementite nucleation, but more often than not, the nucleation is allowed to proceed to relieve stresses. Since
Martensite
Material phase change
emulsions of pure water have been cooled to −38 °C without nucleation to form ice. Nucleation occurs due to fluctuations in the properties of the material
Melting
Delayed rapid boiling
liquids boiled in a test tube or other container will superheat and, upon nucleation, rapid boiling will expel the liquid from the container. In extreme cases
Bumping_(chemistry)
Type of alloy steel
method of refining the grain of steel by introducing a large amount of nucleation sites for ferrite in the austenite matrix by rolling it at precisely controlled
High-strength_low-alloy_steel
Ultrafine particles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size
fall under the category of wet chemistry, or the nucleation of particles within a solution. This nucleation occurs when a silver ion complex, usually AgNO3
Silver_nanoparticle
Nickel-based superalloy
phase is very brittle and thus reduces the toughness by acting as a crack nucleation site for fracture. Furthermore, it can reduce IN718's mechanical properties
Inconel_718
Type of confection, filling, or icing
undisturbed, the sugar remains dissolved in a supersaturated solution until nucleation occurs. While the solution is supersaturated, if a seed crystal (undissolved
Fondant
Pad used for warming of parts of the body in order to manage pain
adhered crystals of sodium acetate into the solution which then act as nucleation sites for the crystallization of the sodium acetate into the hydrated
Heating_pad
Process of ice crystal growth in clouds
cause direct nucleation of ice. The growth of the droplets would prevent the temperature from soon reaching the point of fast nucleation of ice crystals
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen_process
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
part of the gamma-tubulin complex, which is required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. Tubulin TUBGCP3 TUBGCP4 TUBGCP5 TUBGCP6 GRCh38: Ensembl
TUBGCP2
Method of bulk crystal growth used to obtain single crystals
Crystallization Fundamentals Crystal Crystal structure Nucleation Concepts Crystallization Crystal growth Recrystallization Seed crystal Protocrystalline
Kyropoulos_method
Properties independent of system size, and proportional to system size
Mayer Nernst Onsager Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Category v t e
Intensive and extensive properties
Intensive_and_extensive_properties
Mathematical instability in string theory
Kaluza–Klein theory, in which spacetime can spontaneously collapse through the nucleation of a gravitational instanton. This bubble of nothing has no interior,
Bubble_of_nothing
Process by which small crystals dissolve in solution for the benefit of larger crystals
statement that ⟨R⟩ goes as t1/3 relies on ⟨R⟩0 being zero; but because nucleation is a separate process from growth, this places ⟨R⟩0 outside the bounds
Ostwald_ripening
Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases
Mayer Nernst Onsager Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Category v t e
Ideal_gas
British physicist (born 1961)
focussed on phase separation in active systems, including phenomena such as nucleation, interfacial fluctuations, and wetting. At Edinburgh, Cates was the principal
Michael_Cates
Sedimentary carbonate rock containing a high percentage of the mineral dolomite
(Desulfovibrio), leading to the hypothesis that sulfate ion inhibits dolomite nucleation. Later laboratory experiments suggest bacteria can precipitate dolomite
Dolomite_(rock)
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddes Saraswathi
Boy/Male
Tamil
A musical instrument
Girl/Female
Latin
Grace.
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Salomon, SALOMÃO means "peaceable."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a habitational name, from a lost or unidentified place.
Male
Hebrew
(יָמִין) Hebrew name YAMIYN means "the right hand," "the right side," or "the right quarter." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Simeon. The English form is Jamin.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Oriya, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil, Traditional
Krishna's Brother
Biblical
strength; fool; senseless
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Without Grief
Boy/Male
English, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
King of Love Making
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION
NUCLEATION