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Study of the physical processes in atmospheric clouds
Cloud physics is the study of the physical processes that lead to the formation, evolution and impacts of atmospheric clouds, including precipitation and
Cloud_physics
Weather phenomenon involving electrostatic discharge
Intra-cloud (IC) or in-cloud – Within a single thundercloud Cloud-to-cloud (CC) or inter-cloud – Between two clouds Cloud-to-ground (CG) – Between a cloud and
Lightning
Merging of droplets, bubbles or particles
coalescence has been studied with the aid of high-speed photography. In cloud physics the main mechanism of collision is the different terminal velocity between
Coalescence_(physics)
Visible mass of particles suspended in the atmosphere
is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology. The World Meteorological Organization uses two methods of naming clouds in their respective layers
Cloud
Precipitation in the form of ice crystal flakes
cold. Snow develops in clouds that themselves are part of a larger weather system. The physics of snow crystal development in clouds results from a complex
Snow
Genus of dense, towering vertical clouds
Cumulonimbus (from Latin cumulus 'heap' and nimbus 'rain cloud') is a dense, towering, vertical cloud, typically forming from water vapor condensing in the
Cumulonimbus_cloud
Particle detector for visualizing ionizing radiation
in Physics in 1936), used cloud chambers. The discovery of the kaon by George Rochester and Clifford Charles Butler in 1947 was made using a cloud chamber
Cloud_chamber
Main climate class
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Temperate_climate
Sub-field of physics dealing with the atmosphere's structure, composition, and motion
propagation models, cloud physics, statistical mechanics and spatial statistics which are highly mathematical and related to physics. It has close links
Atmospheric_physics
One of Earth's four temperate seasons
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Autumn
Short-term state of the atmosphere
May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023. Rogers, R. (1989). A Short Course in Cloud Physics. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-7506-3215-7. "Mean
Weather
Low-altitude horizontal cloud formation
An arcus cloud is a low, horizontal cloud formation, usually appearing as an accessory cloud to a cumulonimbus. Roll clouds and shelf clouds are the two
Arcus_cloud
Weather modification that condenses clouds to cause rainfall
provided cloud physics, physical chemistry, and other field support. The High Plains Cooperative Pilot Project (HIPLEX) focused on convective cloud seeding
Cloud_seeding
Meteorological phenomenon
Retrieved 2009-03-17. Raymond A. Serway; John W. Jewett (1 January 2018). Physics for Scientists and Engineers. Cengage Learning. pp. 533–. ISBN 978-1-337-67171-2
Wind_direction
Return of a perturbed system into equilibrium
content grow within the cloud and will thus consume the contained moisture. The dynamics of relaxation are very important in cloud physics for accurate mathematical
Relaxation_(physics)
American academic
Berkeley in 1969 and a Ph.D. in physics at Cornell University in 1975 under Carl Sagan. His research interests are in cloud physics, atmospheric chemistry, and
Owen_Toon
Thunderstorm where little to no precipitation reaches the ground
arid areas. The shaft of precipitation that can be seen falling from a cloud without reaching the ground is called "virga". A thunderstorm does not have
Dry_thunderstorm
Fraction of the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location
Cloud cover (also known as cloudiness, cloudage, or cloud amount) refers to the fraction of the sky obscured by clouds on average when observed from a
Cloud_cover
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
Bibcode:2012JGRD..117.6220B. doi:10.1029/2011jd016603. Paul Sirvatka (2003). "Cloud Physics: Collision/Coalescence; The Bergeron Process". College of DuPage. Retrieved
Precipitation
Light liquid precipitation
in diameter. Drizzle is normally produced by low stratiform clouds and stratocumulus clouds. Precipitation rates from drizzle are on the order of a millimetre
Drizzle
British manufacturing chemist (1772–1864)
that "cloud formation and destruction were visible signs of atmospheric processes and were based on the laws of physics". Howard referred to cloud formation
Luke_Howard_(meteorologist)
Precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflake
However, both hail and graupel are common in thunderstorms with cumulonimbus clouds, though graupel also falls in winter storms, and at higher elevations as
Graupel
Act of intentionally altering or manipulating the weather
Lei, Henchi; Xiao, Hui; Hong, Yanchao (February 2015). "Advances in Cloud Physics and Weather Modification in China". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
Weather_modification
Hottest of the four temperate seasons
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Summer
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
List of severe weather phenomena
List_of_severe_weather_phenomena
Type of precipitation
atmospheric conditions which clearly differ from those of the cumulonimbus cloud scenario (e.g. clear-sky conditions). They are sometimes called huge hailstones
Megacryometeor
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
understanding of the dynamics, thermodynamics, radiative transfer and cloud physics of hot and steamy atmospheres is weak," and that we "cannot therefore
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
One of the Earth's four temperate seasons
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Spring_(season)
NLCs Night Shining Clouds
Noctilucent clouds (NLCs), or night shining clouds, are tenuous cloud-like phenomena in the upper atmosphere. When viewed from space, they are called
Noctilucent_cloud
Storm characterized by lightning
the Netherlands, 1973 M. K. Yau and R. R. Rogers, Short Course in Cloud Physics, Third Edition, published by Butterworth-Heinemann, 1 January 1989,
Thunderstorm
Type of cyclone occurring in the northern Atlantic coast of North America
their combination of northeast winds and moisture content of the swirling clouds. Similar conditions sometimes occur during winter in the Pacific Northeast
Nor'easter
West African dry weather season
conditions: it lowers the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, prevents rainfall formation and sometimes creates big clouds of dust which can result in dust storms
Harmattan
American physicist
Gillespie algorithm. Gillespie's broader research has produced articles on cloud physics, random variable theory, Brownian motion, Markov process theory, electrical
Daniel_Gillespie
Change of state of matter from a gas phase into a liquid phase
or insulated glazing. Air well (condenser) Bose–Einstein condensate Cloud physics Condenser (heat transfer) DNA condensation Dropwise condensation Groasis
Condensation
Streak or shaft of precipitation that evaporates or sublimates before reaching the ground
mechanism in which ice crystals from upper mixed-phase clouds fall into lower-lying liquid clouds and then grow larger by riming or vapour deposition through
Virga
Coldest of the four temperate seasons
January 2010. Kenneth G. Libbrecht (2001). "Morphogenesis on Ice: The Physics of Snow Crystals" (PDF). Engineering & Science (1): 12. Archived from the
Winter
Form of solid precipitation
0.CO;2. JSTOR 26182470. Rogers and Yau (1989). A Short Course in Cloud Physics. Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3215-1. Jim Mezzanotte
Hail
American meteorologist (1906–1998)
synoptic weather analysis (weather forecasting), severe convective storms, cloud physics, and weather modification. Byers is most well known for his work as
Horace_R._Byers
Yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Dry_season
Form of precipitation
9 December 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Paul Sirvatka (2003). "Cloud Physics: Collision/Coalescence; The Bergeron Process". College of DuPage. Archived
Rain
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
heat in the atmosphere. That vapor also condenses as droplets we know as clouds, which themselves trap more heat. The vapor is a big part of the amplification
Jet_stream
Short and very intense rain
millimetres (2.0 in) per hour for longer rainfalls. The associated convective cloud can extend up to a height of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) above the ground. During
Cloudburst
Mediterranean wind
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Sirocco
Polish-American atmospheric physicist
atmospheric physicist and professor of physical sciences. His research concerns cloud microphysics, radiative transfer, tropical dynamics, and electromagnetic
Piotr_Flatau
Atmospheric scientist
research on cloud physics which informs global climate models and defines the processes leading to the formation of lightning from clouds. She is the
Marcia_Baker
Academic journal
Meteorological Society. Applied research related to the physical meteorology, cloud physics, hydrology, weather modification, satellite meteorology, boundary layer
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Journal_of_Applied_Meteorology_and_Climatology
South African atmospheric scientist
is a professor at Colorado State University. Her research considers cloud physics and mesoscale modelling. She is a fellow of the American Meteorological
Susan_van_den_Heever
Type of intense dust storm
the desert, forming a wall of airborne sediment that precedes the storm cloud. This wall of dust can be up to 100 km (62 mi) wide, and several kilometers
Haboob
Precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Ice_pellets
Form of precipitation consisting of rain and melting snow
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Rain_and_snow_mixed
Ground-level cloud of ice crystals
Diamond dust is a ground-level cloud composed of tiny ice crystals. This meteorological phenomenon is also referred to simply as ice crystals and is reported
Diamond_dust
Interstellar cloud in the Milky Way Galaxy
the heliosphere, nearby interstellar clouds, and physical processes in the inter–cloud medium". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1620 (1) 012010
Local_Interstellar_Cloud
International Conference on Cloud Physics in Toulouse, France, he connected with Vincent Schaefer, the discoverer of dry-ice cloud seeding, with whom he would
John_A._Day
Type of interstellar cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size
Molecular_cloud
Strong surface-level winds that radiate from a single point
macroburst for downbursts larger than 4 km (2.5 mi). When rain falls below the cloud base or is mixed with dry air, it begins to evaporate and this evaporation
Downburst
Large scale rotating air mass
associated with broad areas of high-level clouds. Downward development results in an increase of cumulus clouds and the appearance of a surface vortex.
Cyclone
Irish atmospheric physicist (1927–2012)
1927–2012) was an Irish professor of atmospheric physics who made contributions to remote sensing, cloud physics and inversion mathematics. The Twomey effect
Sean_A._Twomey
Vortex or tornado occurring over a body of water
of water, usually appearing as a funnel-shaped cloud in contact with the water and a cumuliform cloud. There are two types of waterspout, each formed
Waterspout
Disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere
of opposing forces can create winds and result in the formation of storm clouds such as cumulonimbus. Small localized areas of low pressure can form from
Storm
American meteorologist
physics of clouds and precipitation. In 1958 he was appointed professor of meteorology and associate director of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Louis_J._Battan
American information technology company
2020. Burke, Steven (February 23, 2021). "HPE Acquires Cloud Assessment 'Crown Jewel' CloudPhysics". CRN. Retrieved February 24, 2021. "Hewlett Packard
Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise
Strong wind
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Gale
Gaseous phase of water
atmosphere. From cloud physics, usually clouds are the real generators of static charge as found in Earth's atmosphere. The ability of clouds to hold massive
Water_vapor
Study of the Earth's atmosphere
cloud physics, statistical mechanics and spatial statistics, each of which incorporate high levels of mathematics and physics. Atmospheric physics has
Atmospheric_science
Light snowfall with little accumulation
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Snow_flurry
Scottish meteorologist, physicist and marine engineer (1839–1919)
meteorologist, physicist and marine engineer. He was one of the founders of cloud physics and aerosol science, who built the first apparatus to measure the number
John_Aitken_(meteorologist)
British atmosphere and climate physicist, poet (1937–2021)
droplets that begin to condense from it, rather than ice. A key problem in cloud physics was how to explain the rapid formation of droplets (something none of
John_Latham_(physicist)
Unit of measure used in weather radar
Retrieved May 18, 2026. M. K. Yau and R. R. Rogers (1989). Short Course in Cloud Physics, Third Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 190. ISBN 0750632151. "RIDGE
DBZ_(meteorology)
Award for atmospheric science
development of many areas of atmospheric science, including aerosol and cloud physics, radiative transfer, and remote sensing from satellites. 1981 Roscoe
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
Carl-Gustaf_Rossby_Research_Medal
American scientist
atmospheric physics, especially relating to global climate change and long-range transport of aerosol material. He is Emeritus Professor of Physics and Atmospheric
Glenn_Edmond_Shaw
American atmospheric scientist
work is mainly focused on hydrometeorology, mesoscale meteorology, cloud physics, land-atmosphere interaction, air pollution, wildfire modeling, and
Carmen_Nicole_Moelders
Atmospheric phenomenon
air near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of
Fog
Sudden heavy snowfall accompanied with strong winds
air moves over large expanses of warmer open waters in winter, convective clouds develop which cause heavy snow showers due to the large amount of moisture
Snow_squall
Weather phenomenon viewed from distance
shaft is mostly found underneath convective clouds, such as cumulonimbus cloud or cumulus congestus cloud during a downpour storm, as these have well
Precipitation_shaft
Rapid swings between extremes in weather
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Weather_whiplash
Process of ice crystal growth in clouds
Ice Nucleation Physical vapor deposition Saturation vapor pressure Cloud physics Harper, Kristine (2007). Weather and climate: decade by decade. Twentieth-century
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen_process
Whirlwind induced by and often composed of fire
cumuliform cloud above. Fire whirls are not usually classifiable as tornadoes as the vortex in most cases does not extend from the surface to cloud base. Also
Fire_whirl
Canadian poet
Victoria, British Columbia. She is most noted for her 2017 collection Cloud Physics, which won the Raymond Souster Award for poetry in 2018. Enns published
Karen_Enns
Lightning produced by a volcanic eruption
volcanic lightning can also occur when there are no ice crystals in the ash cloud. The earliest recorded observations of volcanic lightning are from Pliny
Volcanic_lightning
Type of snowstorm
suspected cause of these huge blizzards during these several years. The clouds of ash it emitted continued to circulate around the world for many years
Blizzard
in Physics (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of physics. It
List of Nobel laureates in Physics
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics
American linguist (born 2001)
Conservation. His mother studied air pollution, while his father was a cloud physics expert. His parents immigrated to the United States from Serbia in the
Adam_Aleksic
Clouds occurring in the stratosphere in high-latitude regions
(2008). "Polar stratospheric cloud microphysics and chemistry" (PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 70 (1): 13–40. Bibcode:2008JASTP
Polar_stratospheric_cloud
Violently rotating column of air
cumulus cloud. Tornadoes are often (but not always) visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from the cloud base, with a cloud of rotating
Tornado
Japanese orbiter mission to Venus (2010–2024)
studied the stratification of the atmosphere, atmospheric dynamics, and cloud physics. Astronomers working on the mission reported detecting a possible gravity
Akatsuki_(spacecraft)
Type of cyclone
identify the decaying stages.[citation needed] Warm seclusions may have cloud-free, eye-like features at their center (reminiscent of tropical cyclones)
Extratropical_cyclone
Weather event characterized by freezing rain
Slush Topics Air pollution Atmosphere Chemistry Convection Physics River Climate Cloud Physics Fog Mist Season Cold wave Heat wave Jet stream Meteorology
Ice_storm
Unusual, severe or unseasonal weather
evaporation of water from the ocean surface, which ultimately condenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation. This energy source
Extreme_weather
Feedback between climate change and the effect of clouds on radiation
A cloud feedback is a climate change feedback where some aspects of cloud characteristics (e.g. cloud cover, composition or height) are altered due to
Cloud_feedback
One of five prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel
medal. The reverse of the physics and chemistry medals depicts the Goddess of Nature in the form of Isis as she emerges from clouds holding a cornucopia.
Nobel_Prize_in_Physics
Seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation
Michael Pidwirny (2008). CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (e). Cloud Formation Processes. Archived 2008-12-20 at the Wayback Machine Physical
Monsoon
Thunderstorm that is characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone
circulates into the warm, moisture laden inflow, the cloud base will frequently form a wall, and the cloud base often experiences a lowering, which, in extreme
Supercell
Division of the year
2011-05-13. Khavrus, V.; Shelevytsky, I. (2012). "Geometry and the physics of seasons". Physics Education. 47 (6): 680–692. doi:10.1088/0031-9120/47/6/680. S2CID 121230141
Season
Type of cloud
Stratus clouds are low-level clouds characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform base, as opposed to convective or cumuliform clouds formed by
Stratus_cloud
Meteorological term in the United States
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Siberian_Express
American meteorologist
National Laboratory, where she was the only woman to research in its Cloud Physics Laboratory, a joint project with the University of Chicago. After earning
Bernice_Ackerman
1957 novel by Fred Hoyle
of a sentient cloud of gas may seem unlikely, the story is grounded in hard science. The detection of the cloud is described using physics equations, all
The_Black_Cloud
Tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean
not limited to just the eye of the storm. They are organized systems of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over tropical or subtropical waters and
Atlantic_hurricane
British meteorologist
on the cloud physics and his exchanges with the American meteorologist Joanne Simpson helped to better understand the formation of cumulus clouds. Richard
Richard_S._Scorer
classification and nomenclature of clouds. cloud base The lowest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud. cloud bow See fogbow. cloud cover The obscuration of
Glossary_of_meteorology
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