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Objective abstraction was a British art group or movement c. 1933–1936, taking its name from the "Objective Abstractions" exhibition of 1934. It is a misnomer
Objective_abstraction
Art with a degree of independence from visual references
intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time. Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This
Abstract_art
Process of generalization
Abstraction is the process of generalizing rules and concepts from specific examples, literal (real or concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other
Abstraction
Form of abstract art involving geometry
reductive or pure strains of abstraction have often suggested that geometric abstraction represents the height of a non-objective art practice, which necessarily
Geometric_abstraction
Synonym for abstract art
psychoanalytic theory. Later still, abstraction was manifest in more purely formal terms, such as color, freedom from objective context, and a reduction of form
Abstraction_(art)
"objective" aspect of abstraction
and second scholasticism, objective precision (Latin: praecisio obiectiva) is the "objective" aspect of abstraction. Objective precision is the process
Objective_precision
American artist, musician, filmmaker, and occasional actor (1923–2002)
was one of the first artists to merge non-objective, non-narrative art with narrative and objective abstraction. Larry Rivers was born as Yitzroch Loiza
Larry_Rivers
Programming language
OCaml (/oʊˈkæməl/ oh-KAM-əl, formerly Objective Caml) is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language which extends the Caml dialect
OCaml
French painter (1840–1926)
art, respectively. His later works were a "major" inspiration to Objective abstraction. Ellsworth Kelly, following a formative experience at Giverny, paid
Claude_Monet
Neo-romanticism Net art New Objectivity New Sculpture Northern landscape style Northwest School Nuclear art Nueva Figuración Objective abstraction Op Art Orphism Patna
List_of_art_movements
Cuban-Chilean artist (born 1974)
Cuba) is a Cuban-Chilean visual artist whose work combines elements of abstraction, figurative painting, symbolism and Abstract Expressionism. Working primarily
Astrid_Alcayaga
Technique for symbolic model checking and logic calculi
The main objective of the refinement process handle spurious counterexamples. It eliminates them by increasing the granularity of the abstraction. The refinement
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement
Counterexample-guided_abstraction_refinement
Styles of art associated with periods of time and/or locations of artistic activity
1913 Neue Künstlervereinigung München Novembergruppe, founded 1918 Objective abstraction, c. 1933–1936 Orphism, c. 1910–1913 Photo-Secession, founded c. 1902
Art_movement
Art movement
Lyrical abstraction arose from either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting: European Abstraction Lyrique: a movement that
Lyrical_abstraction
British artist (1910–1990)
as a pioneer of abstract painting in England as a member of the Objective Abstraction movement. Moynihan was later attracted to social realism and became
Rodrigo_Moynihan
General-purpose, object-oriented programming language
of aggregates). This limits the performance of Objective-C abstractions relative to similar abstractions in languages such as C++ where such optimizations
Objective-C
English painter and art teacher (1908–1987)
Claude Rogers, having previously been involved in the short-lived objective abstraction movement. Notable among Coldstream's paintings of this period is
William_Coldstream
German school of Marxist theory
social theory—especially his concepts of an autonomized society, objective abstraction, and "the anamnesis of the genesis"—deeply influenced their value-form
Neue_Marx-Lektüre
American painter (1893–1968)
grandmother when she began painting in 1937. She produced both non-objective abstractions and figurative artwork. Upon recognizing Sobel's talent, her son
Janet_Sobel
English artist (1909–1952)
1952) was an English painter. In the 1930s he was prominent in the Objective Abstraction movement, followed, after a brief Surrealist moment, by the Euston
Geoffrey_Tibble
1920s German art movement against expressionism
The New Objectivity (in German: Neue Sachlichkeit) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against expressionism. The term
New_Objectivity
Use of terms for concepts removed from the objects to which they were originally attached
For example, the word "book" refers objectively to a physical object constructed with bound pages, but in abstraction refers to a particular literary creation
Abstraction_(linguistics)
German-language work by Karl Marx, published 1932
express his objective nature. A being that is neither an object itself nor has an object would be the only existing being—a non-objective abstraction. Following
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Economic_and_Philosophic_Manuscripts_of_1844
Soviet architecture, 1920s to early 1930s
Lissitzky designed various projects that forced together the 'non-objective' abstraction of Suprematism with more utilitarian aims, creating ideal Constructivist
Constructivist_architecture
Programming language close to hardware
programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture, memory or underlying
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
Painting by Barnett Newman
decades. In both color field painting and chromatic abstraction, "color is freed from objective context and becomes the subject in itself." Newman’s
Vir_Heroicus_Sublimis
Software agent which acts autonomously
actions over extended periods. Intelligent agents operate based on an objective function, which encapsulates their goals. They are designed to create
Intelligent_agent
Term coined by art critic Clement Greenberg
Post-painterly abstraction is a term created by art critic Clement Greenberg as the title for an exhibit he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum
Post-painterly_abstraction
American artist (1921–2000)
New York, 1962, 1963 Honolulu Museum of Art, "Ansei Uchima: Non-Objective Abstraction in Modern Japanese Prints," 2016 Sarah Lawrence College Gallery
Ansei_Uchima
Art movement
consistency of form and process. In color field painting "color is freed from objective context and becomes the subject in itself." During the late 1950s and
Color_field
American painter
earnest. He painted in the Bacone School flat style as well as non-objective abstraction and sculpture. His paintings have won state and national awards
Jackson_Narcomey
Ability of a program to run on different platforms with little alteration
is a design objective for source code to be easily made to run on different platforms. An aid to portability is the generalized abstraction between the
Software_portability
Programming paradigm based on objects
termed "messages", "methods", and "member functions". Topics such as data abstraction and modular programming were common points of discussion at this time
Object-oriented_programming
American post–World War II art movement
Geometric abstraction began to appear in artist studios and in radical avant-garde circles. Greenberg became the voice of Post-painterly abstraction; by curating
Abstract_expressionism
Russian painter and art theorist (1866–1944)
Interwar eras. Kandinsky is generally credited as one of the pioneers of abstraction in Western art. Born in Moscow, he began painting studies (life-drawing
Wassily_Kandinsky
English painter
Between 1933 and 1936, Hubert was a significant figure in the Objective Abstraction movement with Graham Bell, William Coldstream, Rodrigo Moynihan
Edgar_Hubert
British bookseller, book distributor, art dealer and publisher
In 1934, the exhibition Objective Abstractions was held in the gallery, featuring the work of the British Objective Abstraction movement. In October 1935
Anton_Zwemmer
French style of abstract painting
geometric abstraction in favour of a more intuitive form of expression, similar to action painting. Another name for Tachism is abstraction lyrique (related
Tachisme
School of painters Nouveau réalisme Novgorod school Nuagisme Nude Objective abstraction Ogoe Oil on copper Oil paint Oil painting Oil painting reproduction
Index of painting-related articles
Index_of_painting-related_articles
Book by the Austrian philosopher of science Paul Feyerabend
Conquest of Abundance: A Tale of Abstraction versus the Richness of Being is the last book by the Austrian philosopher of science Paul Feyerabend, published
Conquest_of_Abundance
Style of painting
Action painting, sometimes called "gestural abstraction", is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the
Action_painting
Art movement, an offshoot of cubism
school of visual art which was an offshoot of Cubism and focused on pure abstraction and bright colors. The term was coined by the French poet Guillaume Apollinaire
Orphism_(art)
Movement in painting
unvarying color. The style is related to geometric abstraction, op art, post-painterly abstraction, and color field. The term “hard-edge painting” was
Hard-edge_painting
Theoretical framework
conceptualization or generalization process. Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social. Semantic studies
Conceptual_model
American artist (1941–2020)
recent work delves into the realm of both 3-D realism and 3-D non-objective abstraction. In 2017, he released a new series titled "New Abstracts" employing
Joe_Doyle_(artist)
Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand
direct contact with reality through sense perception , that one can attain objective knowledge from perception through the process of concept formation and
Objectivism
Modern arts movement
Art, proposed that abstraction originated from African art, and that Black artists are claiming their birthright through abstraction. The glaring omission
Abstract art by African-American artists
Abstract_art_by_African-American_artists
Open source browser engine
changes in the original WebKit codebase and implemented platform-specific abstraction layers, making it significantly easier to commit the core rendering code
WebKit
Welsh painter (1903–1971)
Listener (13 September 1951) Ceri Richards, [Answers to questions], in Objective Abstractions [exhibition catalogue, Zwemmer Gallery] (1934) John Piper, 'Contemporary
Ceri_Richards
American scientist (1839–1914)
blackness is the pure abstraction of the quality black. Something black is something embodying blackness, pointing us back to the abstraction. The quality black
Charles_Sanders_Peirce
Method to solve optimization problems
Oriented matroid – Abstraction of ordered linear algebra Quadratic programming – Solving an optimization problem with a quadratic objective function Semidefinite
Linear_programming
1929 book by Alfred North Whitehead
simply seen as an abstraction from an occasion of experience which has also a material aspect, which is of course simply another abstraction from it; thus
Process_and_Reality
based on lazy abstraction (successor project is CPAchecker) Clang 2026-11-03 (23.1.5) Yes; ASL 2 with LLVM Exceptions — C, C++, Objective-C — — — — — Open-source
List of tools for static code analysis
List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis
Abstraction of a class
programming, an interface or protocol type is a data type that acts as an abstraction of a class. It describes a set of method signatures, the implementations
Interface (object-oriented programming)
Interface_(object-oriented_programming)
Marxist philosophy of nature and science
must be founded on it. This move toward materialism and the critique of abstraction heavily influenced the young Karl Marx. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Dialectical_materialism
Philosophy terms referring to an observer versus the thing observed
throw". Some other related English words include objectify (to reify), objective (a future reference), and objection (an expression of protest). Subject
Subject and object (philosophy)
Subject_and_object_(philosophy)
Field of machine learning
(2016). "Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning: Integrating Temporal Abstraction and Intrinsic Motivation". Proceedings of the 30th International Conference
Reinforcement_learning
theosophists, that pure visual abstraction had corollary vibrations with sound and music. They posited that pure abstraction could express pure spirituality
History_of_painting
Artificial intelligence researcher, author
the Objective with Joel Lehman which argues for the existence of the "objective paradox", a paradox which states that "soon as you create an objective, you
Kenneth_Stanley
British artist (1893–1979)
Reid & Lefevre, London (also 1935 and 1937) 1934 Participated in Objective Abstractions, Zwemmer Gallery 1937 Storran Gallery exhibition 1940 First of ten
Ivon_Hitchens
Entity whose presence indicates the probable existence of something else
Lévi-Strauss List of symbols Logotype Map-territory relation – view that an abstraction derived from something, or a reaction to it, is not the thing itself
Sign
British artist and spiritualist medium
that of these and other later male pioneers of abstraction.) By the late 1860s, Houghton's abstractions correlated with the supernatural nature of her
Georgiana_Houghton
Visual arts movement
New York in the 60s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland
Minimalism_(visual_arts)
Philosophical approach
Whitehead held that eternal objects are abstractions of a very high degree of abstraction. Many abstractions, including eternal objects, are potential
Process_philosophy
Interface construction environment
in JavaScript and HTML5 / Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). On a higher abstraction level Morphic is also used in the enterprise performance management toolkit
Morphic_(software)
Treatment of social attributes as real, in Marxist theory
analysis Hauntology – Return or persistence of past ideas Hypostatic abstraction – Formal operation in mathematical logic Immanentize the eschaton – Pejorative
Reification_(Marxism)
Structure of the operating system
hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive)
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Index of history with the same name
Performance art – 1960s – Op Art – 1964 – Post-painterly abstraction – 1964 – Lyrical Abstraction – mid-1960s – Process art – mid-1960s – 1970s Arte Povera
Periods in Western art history
Periods_in_Western_art_history
Russian and Soviet art movement (approx. 1890–1930)
twentieth-century abstraction, design, typography, architecture, film, and later sculptural practices. In the field of geometric abstraction, Kazimir Malevich's
Russian_avant-garde
Marxist theory of history and society
them. According to Bertell Ollman, Marx's method of abstraction operates in three modes: "Abstraction of extension" sets the spatial and temporal boundaries
Historical_materialism
framework used in WDA is the Abstraction-Decomposition Space (ADS), which maps the work domain across multiple levels of abstraction (from functional purpose
Work_domain_analysis
French painter (1859–1891)
extreme and delicate sensibility, on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work A
Georges_Seurat
American painter
occupy a point where abstraction and nature meet. Colombet’s singular vision juggles the opposition of representation and abstraction. The notable intelligence
Vicky_Colombet
Software development process
information that developers can use to model applications at a higher level of abstraction. Reusable code: Components that implement common functionality or mechanisms
Software_factory
American painter (1928 - 2005)
edge. In other ways it has been described as post-painterly abstraction, new abstraction, and cool art. The famous exhibition organizer Irving Sandler
Al_Held
American painter (1912–2006)
has been variously described as cubist, geometric abstraction, and associated with New Objectivity and Magical Realism. His early work has been contrasted
Arthur_Osver
Art movement in Brazil
aiding the political regime through figurative art; therefore geometric abstraction and concretism ushered in an art that did not connote anything political
Neo-Concrete_Movement
English artist
Tibble he showed non-representational works at the exhibition of Objective Abstractions at the Zwemmer Gallery. Between 1934 and 1937 Bell abandoned painting
Graham_Bell_(artist)
Architectural style
advocacy of abstraction while still involved in Der Blaue Reiter phase, marks a beginning of abstraction in expressionism and abstraction in expressionist
Expressionist_architecture
Terms of psychiatry
Lionel Corbett argues that the contemporary terms "autonomous psyche" or "objective psyche" are more commonly used in the practice of depth psychology rather
Collective_unconscious
Dutch art movement founded 1917
form and colour. On the contrary, it should find its expression in the abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly
De_Stijl
Free software multimedia library
cross-platform software development library designed to provide a hardware abstraction layer for computer multimedia hardware components. Software developers
Simple_DirectMedia_Layer
Painting produced in the Western world
Abstraction in Science and Art: Philosophical Perspectives. (2024). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. Malevich, Kazimir (1927). The Non-Objective World
Western_painting
20th-century European graphic design style
architecture and art. It emphasizes simplicity, clarity, readability, and objectivity. Hallmarks of the style are asymmetric layouts, use of a grid, sans-serif
International Typographic Style
International_Typographic_Style
Restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior
these transformations can be automated. Techniques that allow for more abstraction Encapsulate field – force code to access the field with getter and setter
Code_refactoring
Art of the present time
Espace Gutai group Informalism Lenticular prints Les Plasticiens Lyrical abstraction Modern traditional Balinese painting New York School Serial art Situationist
Contemporary_art
Early-20th-century Russian art movement
— "Suprematism", Part II of The Non-Objective World For Malevich, it is upon the foundations of absolute non-objectivity that the future of the universe will
Suprematism
Political strategy
"created generations of black people for whom working for a living is an abstraction". According to historian Robert E. Weir in 2007: "Although the strategy
Cloward–Piven_strategy
Philosophical way of understanding reality
World 3 is the cultural realm. Popper's goal was to defend his notion of objective knowledge against the rising notion that knowledge is a belief that must
Popper's_three_worlds
Software development environment
iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS operating systems. UIKit provides an abstraction layer of iOS, the operating system for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad
UIKit
Polish-American scholar and philosopher (1879–1950)
is based primarily on such terminology as the different "orders of abstraction," and formulations such as "consciousness of abstracting." The contention
Alfred_Korzybski
Art movement
James Ensor and Edvard Munch. It is also related to American lyrical abstraction painting of the 1960s and 1970s, the Hairy Who movement in Chicago, the
Neo-expressionism
Software engineering method
Structured analysis typically creates a hierarchy employing a single abstraction mechanism. The structured analysis method can employ IDEF (see figure)
Structured_analysis
Internet aesthetic
Painting Heroic realism Socialist realism Streamline Moderne Concrete art Abstraction-Création Tiki The Ten Dimensionism Boston Expressionism Leningrad school
Y2K_aesthetic
Datum or structured component of reality
truth. Any non-trivial true statement about reality is necessarily an abstraction composed of a complex of objects and properties or relations. Facts "possess
Fact
Theory that discusses human intelligence from an epistemological perspective
beginning of goal orientation, the deliberate planning of steps to meet an objective. 5 Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity 12–18 months "Infants
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's_theory_of_cognitive_development
Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages
C++ in December of that year. Front ends were later developed for Objective-C, Objective-C++, Fortran, Ada, Go, D, Modula-2, Rust, COBOL, and ALGOL 68 among
GNU_Compiler_Collection
1909 painting by Francis Picabia
the painting circa 1909. Speculation remains, too, about its degree of abstraction. Critics have claimed that imagery is present in the form of circular
Caoutchouc_(painting)
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
allows the developer to build, extend and use software agents, which are abstractions of objects that can message other agents. Clojure F# GOAL SARL Array
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Russian artist and painter (1879–1935)
Cubo-Futurist mode, Malevich developed Suprematism, a system of pure geometric abstraction on monochromatic grounds. His Black Square (1915), first shown at the
Kazimir_Malevich
travel, tourism, insurance
OBJECTIVE ABSTRACTION
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travel, tourism, insurance