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Distant planetesimals in the Solar System
The Oort cloud (pronounced /ɔːrt/ ORT or /ʊərt/ OORT), sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a cloud of billions of icy planetesimals
Oort_cloud
Vast, theoretical circumstellar disc
the Hills cloud (also called the inner Oort cloud and inner cloud) is a theoretical vast circumstellar disc, interior to the Oort cloud and roughly
Hills_cloud
Dutch astronomer (1900–1992)
" The Oort cloud, the Oort constants, Oort Limit, an impact crater on Pluto (Oort), and the asteroid 1691 Oort were all named after him. Oort was born
Jan_Oort
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
border of the interplanetary medium to interstellar space. The theorized Oort cloud – the source for long-period comets – extends from somewhere beyond 2
Solar_System
Group of trans-Neptunian objects
astronomers consider the sednoids to be Inner Oort Cloud (IOC) objects. The inner Oort cloud, or Hills cloud, lies at 1,000–10,000 AU from the Sun. One attempt
Sednoid
Disputed
The Oort limit is a theoretical location at the outer limits of the Oort cloud, where the amount of comets and minor planets orbiting the Sun drops drastically
Oort_limit
Hypothetical Solar System planet
object ending up in the inner Oort cloud is about 2%, and speculates that many objects must have been thrown past the Oort cloud if one has entered a stable
Planet_Nine
Solar system objects beyond Neptune
explain several observed or speculated features of the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. It was recently proposed to use ranging data from the New Horizons spacecraft
Trans-Neptunian_object
Natural object in space that releases gas
Neptune. Long-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a spherical cloud of icy bodies extending from outside the Kuiper belt to halfway
Comet
Area of the Solar System beyond the planets, comprising small bodies
together with the members of the scattered disc and any potential Hills cloud or Oort cloud objects, are collectively referred to as trans-Neptunian objects
Kuiper_belt
Proposed concepts for the human colonization of trans-Neptunian objects
outside the orbit of Neptune, in the Kuiper belt and Inner and Outer Oort cloud. These may contain all the ingredients for life (water ice, ammonia, and
Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects
Colonization_of_trans-Neptunian_objects
Star in the constellation Serpens
that Gliese 710 has an 86% chance of passing through the Oort cloud, assuming the Oort cloud to be a spheroid around the Sun with semiminor and semimajor
Gliese_710
Surname list
Oort limit, theoretical edge of the Oort cloud 1691 Oort (1956 RB), a main-belt asteroid Adam van Oort (1561/62–1641), Flemish painter Bart van Oort (born
Oort_(surname)
Collection of bodies in the extreme Solar System
trans-Neptunian objects, the Oort cloud, has been hypothesized, although no confirmed direct observations of the Oort cloud have been made. Some researchers
Scattered_disc
Scenario of giant planet migration
orbits during the giant planet migration are captured in the Oort cloud. The outer Oort cloud, semi-major axes greater than 20,000 AU, forms quickly as the
Jumping-Jupiter_scenario
Scenario for the dynamical evolution of the Solar System
Late Heavy Bombardment of the inner Solar System, the formation of the Oort cloud, and the existence of populations of small Solar System bodies such as
Nice_model
Star in the constellation Cassiopeia
enough to the Sun that it penetrated deep into the Oort Cloud and disturbed the population of Oort Cloud bodies and long-period comets there. Its mass is
HD_7977
Observatory for Oort Cloud objects
the Kuiper belt and the theorized Oort cloud by conducting blind occultation observations. Although the Oort cloud was hypothesized in the 1950s, it has
Whipple_(spacecraft)
Astronomical object not gravitationally bound to a star
Current models of Oort cloud formation predict that more comets are ejected into interstellar space than are retained in the Oort cloud, with estimates
Interstellar_object
Hypothetical bodies around the Solar System
effect on Kuiper Belt formation. Tyche, a hypothetical planet in the Oort Cloud supposedly responsible for producing the statistical excess in long period
List of hypothetical Solar System objects
List_of_hypothetical_Solar_System_objects
2014 novel by Karl Schroeder
Lockstep is a young adult science fiction novel by Canadian author Karl Schroeder, released in March of 2014. Seventeen year old Toby Wyatt McGonigal enters
Lockstep_(novel)
Distant body in the outer Solar System
astronomers instead referred to it as the first known member of the inner Oort cloud, as its perihelion at 76.2 AU (11.4 billion km) is far too distant for
Sedna_(dwarf_planet)
Binary stellar systems in the constellation Monoceros
collaborators reported that the system passed through the Solar System's Oort cloud roughly 70,000 years ago in a stellar encounter, and dubbed it Scholz's
Scholz's_Star
(possibly inner Oort cloud) Sedna, a dwarf planet (possibly inner Oort cloud) Oort cloud (hypothetical) Hills cloud/inner Oort cloud Outer Oort cloud The Solar
List_of_Solar_System_objects
Process of finding the image of an object in images predating its discovery
for well-known dwarf planets, minor planets and probable dwarf planets: Oort cloud comets can take 10+ years going from Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU (4.50 billion km)
Precovery
arms are home not only to larger numbers of molecular clouds, whose gravity may distort the Oort cloud, but also to higher concentrations of bright blue giants
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist (1893–1985)
for his pioneering work on solar system dynamics, particularly of the Oort cloud and the Yarkovsky effect. Öpik was born in Kunda, Kreis Wierland, Governorate
Ernst_Öpik
Large trans-Neptunian object in the scattered disc
that 2017 OF201 had been scattered into the Oort cloud by some "large planet" and something from the Oort cloud ejected it again into its current orbit.
2017_OF201
captured in the Oort cloud is reduced if Planet Nine was in its predicted orbit at that time. This reduction of objects captured in the Oort cloud also occurred
Effects of Planet Nine on trans-Neptunian objects
Effects_of_Planet_Nine_on_trans-Neptunian_objects
Hypothetical star orbiting the Sun, supposedly responsible for extinction events
a distance of about 95,000 AU (1.5 light-years), somewhat beyond the Oort cloud, to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions in the geological record
Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
reach the Sun’s inner gravitational focus, with arrival at the inner Oort Cloud in no more than thirty years." "Such a mission could perform useful astrophysical
Solar_sail
Tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy
dwarf or satellite galaxies, and the Milky Way's tidal effect on the Oort cloud of the Solar System. Tidal forces are dependent on the gradient of a gravitational
Galactic_tide
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
a hypothetical gas giant proposed to be located in the Solar System's Oort cloud. It was first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick
Planets_beyond_Neptune
Sednoid
2023 KQ14, informally nicknamed Ammonite, is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) orbiting the Sun on an extremely wide elliptical orbit. It was discovered by
2023_KQ14
Parabolic comet
Fabry's Comet, formally designated as C/1885 X1, is a non-periodic comet that became visible to the naked eye on April 1886. It was the only comet discovered
C/1885_X1_(Fabry)
Star at the centre of the Solar System
about two light-years (125,000 au). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 50,000 au. Most of the mass
Sun
Region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
trans-Neptunian objects (Kuiper belt objects, scattered disc objects, sednoids, and Oort cloud objects.) Ceres, the only object in the asteroid belt large enough to
Asteroid_belt
Long-period comet
830-year orbit around the Sun. Although it likely originated from the Oort cloud, it has an unusually rocky composition not typically seen in other comets
C/2014_S3_(PanSTARRS)
Solar system objects beyond the other known trans-Neptunian objects
ETNOs, but are still relatively close to Neptune. The sednoid or inner Oort cloud objects, with perihelia beyond 50–60 AU, are too far from Neptune to be
Extreme trans-Neptunian object
Extreme_trans-Neptunian_object
Hypothetical gas giant in the Oort cloud
(/ˈtaɪki/) was a hypothetical gas giant located in the Solar System's Oort cloud, first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick Whitman
Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)
Hypothetical gas giant ejected out of the Solar System
process may have also played a role in scattering planetesimals to form the Oort cloud or altering the trajectories of comets and asteroids. Direct evidence
Fifth_Giant
Oort cloud comet
Comet ISON, formally known as C/2012 S1, was a sungrazing comet from the Oort cloud which was discovered on 21 September 2012 by Vitaly Nevsky (Віталь Неўскі
Comet_ISON
Oort cloud comet
C/2025 R3 (PanSTARRS) is a hyperbolic Oort cloud comet and passed perihelion on 19 April 2026 when it was 0.499 AU (75 million km) from the Sun. Around
C/2025_R3_(PanSTARRS)
Overview of and topical guide to the Solar System
regions Extreme trans-Neptunian objects Detached objects Sedna Leleākūhonua Oort cloud Heliosphere Heliopause Boundaries From largest to smallest structure:
Outline_of_the_Solar_System
Oort cloud comet
C/2013 US10 (Catalina) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 31 October 2013 by the Catalina Sky Survey at an apparent magnitude of 19 using a 0.68-meter
C/2013_US10_(Catalina)
2025 studio album by the Orb
Caine – vocals on "It's Coming Soon" Trevor Walters – vocals on "The Oort Cloud (Too Night) Roger Eno – keyboards on "Khàron" "The Orb - Arabebonics (Official
Buddhist_Hipsters
1980 science fiction novel by Frederik Pohl
factory" spaceship, long abandoned by the Heechee, is found deep in the Oort cloud, and an expedition funded by Robin Broadhead, a millionaire former Gateway
Beyond_the_Blue_Event_Horizon
Sednoid
et al. concluded that it implies a population of about 2 million inner Oort cloud objects larger than 40 km (25 mi), with a combined total mass of 1×1022 kg
541132_Leleākūhonua
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
atoms in the "cloud" surrounding Io are ionized and carried along by the Jovian magnetosphere. Unlike the particles in the neutral cloud, these particles
Io_(moon)
Hypotheses for the possible sources of the water on Earth
could condense and form icy planetesimals, which accumulated to form the Oort cloud. The boundary of the region where ice could form in the early Solar System
Origin_of_water_on_Earth
2023 novel by Stephen Baxter
The book is about the discovery of the hypothesised Planet Nine in the Oort cloud at the outer edge of the Solar System. Initially it is thought to be a
Creation_Node
Oort cloud comet
C/2024 E1 (Wierzchoś) is a hyperbolic Oort cloud comet, discovered on 3 March 2024 by Polish astronomer Kacper Wierzchoś. It reached perihelion on 20 January
C/2024_E1_(Wierzchoś)
Class of rocky minor celestial body
discovered on 22 September 2014, which is thought to originate from the Oort cloud and could help explain the formation of the Solar System. "Orbit like
Manx_comet
Accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter
likely point of origin for periodic comets. The classic Oort cloud theory states that the Oort cloud, a sphere measuring about 50,000 AU (0.24 pc) in radius
Accretion_(astrophysics)
Hyperbolic comet
asteroid at the time) as its orbit is not strongly hyperbolic beyond most Oort Cloud comets. As of August 2018[update], there is only 1 hyperbolic asteroid
C/2017_U7_(PanSTARRS)
Sednoid
2018. Sheppard, Scott S. "Beyond the Edge of the Solar System: The Inner Oort Cloud Population". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution
2012_VP113
of Pluto. In 1950 Jan Oort suggested the presence of a cometary reservoir in the outer limits of the Solar System, the Oort cloud, and in 1951 Gerard Kuiper
Historical models of the Solar System
Historical_models_of_the_Solar_System
Hyperbolic comet
hyperbolic comet. Given that the incoming velocity was similar to that of an Oort cloud object, we can very confidently say that it is not of interstellar origin
C/2018_F4_(PanSTARRS)
Oort cloud comet
C/2017 T2 (PanSTARRS) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 2 October 2017 when it was 9.2 AU (1.38 billion km) from the Sun. The closest approach to Earth
C/2017_T2_(PanSTARRS)
Interstellar comet in 2025
comet will reach the inner Oort cloud (2000 AU from the Sun) around the year 2189, and will reach the outer edge of the Oort cloud (100000+ AU from the Sun)
3I/ATLAS
Oort cloud comet
C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring), is an Oort cloud comet that was discovered by Donna Burton in 2007 at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales, Australia
C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)
Extreme trans-Neptunian object
(765047) 2013 RA109 is an extreme trans-Neptunian object discovered on 12 September 2013. This object orbits the Sun between 46.0 and 869 AU (6.9 and 130 billion km)
(765047)_2013_RA109
Outer planets shielding the inner planets
Halley-Type Comets: Probing The Inner Oort Cloud Luke Dones, Paul R. Weissmann, Harold F. Levison, Michael J. Duncan: Oort Cloud Formation and Dynamics v t e
Jupiter_barrier
Extreme trans-Neptunian object from the outer Oort cloud
an extreme scattered disc object, whose orbit extends into the outer Oort cloud. It is one of the most distant objects in the Solar System by its aphelion
2014_FE72
Great Comet of 2024
and formally designated as C/2023 A3, is a non-periodic comet from the Oort cloud discovered by the Purple Mountain Observatory in China on 9 January 2023
Comet_Tsuchinshan–ATLAS
Planets visible to the naked eye
Nebular hypothesis Nice model Nice 2 model Five-planet Nice model Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Protoplanetary
Classical_planet
Type of interstellar cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size
Molecular_cloud
White dwarf star in the constellation Puppis
000 AU from the Sun, crossing well within the proposed boundaries of the Oort cloud. However, this star is in fact moving away from the Solar System and will
WD_0810−353
Largest known Oort cloud comet
Bernardinelli–Bernstein, or just Bernardinelli–Bernstein (nicknamed BB), is a large Oort cloud comet discovered by astronomers Pedro Bernardinelli and Gary Bernstein
C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
NASA space probe launched in 1977
aphelion of Sedna, and it has not yet entered the postulated position of the Oort cloud, the hypothetical source region of long-period comets, regarded by astronomers
Voyager_1
1:10 resonant trans-Neptunian object
2020 VN40 is a resonant trans-Neptunian object on a highly inclined and eccentric orbit in the scattered disc region of the Solar System. It was originally
2020_VN40
Parabolic comet
researchers concluded that this was a dynamically new comet from the Oort cloud, on its first journey to the inner Solar System. Calculated mean radius
C/1951_C1_(Pajdušáková)
2021 studio album by Younha
Picture" (나는 계획이 있다) Kim Su-ji (Lalala Studio) Younha Jewno Jewno 3:20 3. "Oort Cloud" (오르트구름) Danke (Lalala Studio) Jewno KZ Hoff Jewno 3:26 4. "Wish" (물의
End_Theory
Dynamical class of minor planets
that may also be inner Oort cloud objects or (more likely) transitional objects between the scattered disc and the inner Oort cloud. Although Sedna is officially
Detached_object
Hyperbolic comet
Comet ATLAS, formally designated as C/2019 E3, is an Oort cloud comet with a very distant perihelion of 10.30 AU (1.541 billion km), the third known comet
C/2019_E3_(ATLAS)
formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a young protostar orbited by a protoplanetary
Lists_of_planets
Modern observed impacts on Jupiter
reduce the frequency of impacts on the Earth of objects coming from the Oort cloud, while it increases the number of impacts of asteroids and short-period
Impact_events_on_Jupiter
Non-periodic comet
C/2021 T4 (Lemmon) is a non-periodic comet discovered by the Mount Lemmon Survey on 7 October 2021. Its current passage through the planetary region of
C/2021_T4_(Lemmon)
Great Comet of 2025
time of discovery, it was assumed that this was a new comet from the Oort cloud, and with an absolute magnitude (H=9), there was very little to no chance
C/2024_G3_(ATLAS)
Galaxy cluster in the constellation Phoenix
(or if placed where the Sun is it could reach the inner limit of the Oort Cloud). A circumference that would take 71 days and 14 hours to travel at light
Phoenix_Cluster
2025 expansion of Destiny 2
player's Guardian exploring the planetoid Kepler in the Solar System's Oort cloud, as they were invited by the Nine, a celestial pantheon of mysterious
Destiny_2:_The_Edge_of_Fate
Non-periodic comet
Comet NEOWISE, formally designated as C/2014 N3, is a distant non-periodic comet that came to perihelion at a distance of 3.88 AU (580 million km) from
C/2014_N3_(NEOWISE)
Detached object
suggest this object, along with Sedna, may be part of the inner edge of the Oort cloud. List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun "JPL Small-Body
2010_GB174
Small Solar System body
from the Oort cloud, with a roughly equal probability of being an extinct comet and a rocky body that was originally scattered into the Oort cloud. The discovery
1996_PW
Trans-Neptunian object
outside Neptune's orbit. Far beyond this region is the vast spherical Oort cloud enshrouding the Solar System, whose presence was deduced from the orbits
2015_TH367
000 AU (4.25 ly), followed by Alpha Centauri at about 4.35 light years. Oort cloud comets orbit the Sun at great distances, but can then be perturbed by
List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_greatest_aphelion
Comet
C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden) is a retrograde Oort cloud comet discovered on 12 November 2013 by Oukaimeden Observatory at an apparent magnitude of 19.4 using
C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)
Star formed in the same star cluster as the Sun
confirmed to have an interstellar origin and could be a more typical Oort cloud object. Ramírez, I.; Bajkova, A. T.; et al. (June 2014). "Elemental Abundances
Solar_sibling
1997 film by Robert Zemeckis
passing the Moon, Mars, and other features of the Solar System, then to the Oort cloud, interstellar space, the Local Bubble, the Milky Way, other galaxies of
Contact_(1997_American_film)
Parabolic comet
C/2019 O3 (Palomar) is a distant Oort cloud comet that came to perihelion on 8 March 2021 at a distance of 8.82 AU (1.319 billion km) from the Sun. It
C/2019_O3_(Palomar)
more. The Oort cloud is a hypothetical cloud of comets with a mean orbital radius between approximately 50,000 AU and 100,000 AU. No Oort-cloud objects
List_of_minor-planet_groups
Unit of length
604800 light-seconds 181314478598400 m 1.813×1011 km 1.127×1011 miles The Oort cloud is thought to extend between 41 and 82 light-weeks out from the Sun light-year
Light-second
Detached extreme trans-Neptunian object
suggest this object, along with Sedna, may be part of the inner edge of the Oort cloud. A paper by Kathryn Volk and Renu Malhotra, shows that Alicanto overlaps
474640_Alicanto
Mean distance between Earth and the Sun
travels in one Julian year (365.25 days) — Oort cloud 75000 ± 25000 Distance of the outer limit of Oort cloud from the Sun (estimated, corresponds to 1
Astronomical_unit
Hyperbolic comet
C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS) is a hyperbolic Oort cloud comet discovered on 26 July 2021 by the Pan-STARRS sky survey. It came to perihelion on 21 April 2022
C/2021_O3_(PanSTARRS)
Sixth planet from the Sun
evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from the materials that formed Saturn
Saturn
2006 novel by Peter Watts
destination of the signal: a previously undetected sub-brown dwarf deep in the Oort cloud, dubbed 'Big Ben'. The crew wakes from hibernation while the Theseus closes
Blindsight_(Watts_novel)
Relative directions of orbit or rotation
have been found in resonance with Jupiter and Saturn. Comets from the Oort cloud are much more likely than asteroids to be retrograde. Halley's Comet has
Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde_and_prograde_motion
Solid objects in protoplanetary disks and debris disks
the Solar System entirely, into distant eccentric orbits such as the Oort cloud, or had collided with larger objects due to the regular gravitational
Planetesimal
Second brightest naked-eye comet of 2020
C/2020 F8 (SWAN), or Comet SWAN, is an Oort cloud comet that was discovered in images taken by the Solar Wind Anisotropies (SWAN) camera on 25 March 2020
C/2020_F8_(SWAN)
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