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Gain in an electric amplifier
The open-loop gain of an electronic amplifier is the gain obtained when no overall feedback is used in the circuit. The open-loop gain of many electronic
Open-loop_gain
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
Gain and Bandwidth" (PDF). The difference between the open-loop gain and the closed-loop gain is known as the loop gain "Operational amplifier gain stability
Feedback
Graph of the frequency response of a control system
the gain of the amplifier with feedback (the closed-loop gain), β is the feedback factor, and AOL is the gain without feedback (the open-loop gain). The
Bode_plot
Type of electronic amplifier
gain of the amplifier with feedback, the closed-loop gain AFB, is derived in terms of the gain of the amplifier without feedback, the open-loop gain AOL
Negative-feedback_amplifier
High-gain voltage amplifier with a differential input
} where AOL is the open-loop gain of the amplifier (the term "open-loop" refers to the absence of an external feedback loop from the output to the
Operational_amplifier
Ability of a circuit to increase the power or amplitude of a signal
radiated power Gain before feedback Insertion gain Loop gain Open-loop gain Net gain Power gain Process gain Transmitter power output Graf, Rudolf F. (1999)
Gain_(electronics)
Feedback controller
A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback
Closed-loop_controller
Time behavior of a system controlled by Heaviside step functions
A_{FB}={\frac {A_{OL}}{1+\beta A_{OL}}},} where AOL = open-loop gain, AFB = closed-loop gain (the gain with negative feedback present) and β = feedback factor
Step_response
Control concept
expression shows that a gain greater than one requires β < 1. Because the approximate gain 1/β is independent of the open-loop gain A, the feedback is said
Negative_feedback
Parameter of electronic amplifiers
\mathrm {PM} =\varphi -(-180^{\circ })} . For example, if the amplifier's open-loop gain crosses 0 dB at a frequency where the phase lag is -135°, then the phase
Phase_margin
Operational amplifier
single-ended signal without the attendant 50% losses (increasing the op amp's open-loop gain by 3 dB). Thus, a small-signal differential current in Q3 versus Q4
ΜA741
Figure of merit for amplifiers
the gain to below the open-loop gain, the gain–bandwidth product of the closed-loop amplifier will be approximately equal to that of the open-loop amplifier
Gain–bandwidth_product
Amplifier design technique
oscillate at the frequency at which its open loop gain equals its closed loop gain if, at that frequency, The open loop gain of the amplifier is ≥ 1 and The difference
Frequency_compensation
Measurement of an electronic circuit
voltage. Equivalently, PSRR is defined as the ratio of open-loop signal gain to supply-to-output gain. PSRR is usually expressed in decibels. An ideal op-amp
Power_supply_rejection_ratio
Circuit component performing mathematical integration
of flaws of the ideal integrator circuit: Real op-amps have a finite open-loop gain, an input offset voltage ( V OS ) {\displaystyle (V_{\text{OS}})} and
Op_amp_integrator
DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and outputs
differential inputs. For any input voltages, the ideal FDA has infinite open-loop gain, infinite bandwidth, infinite input impedance resulting in zero input
Fully_differential_amplifier
Amplifier that converts current to voltage
{1}{A_{\text{OL}}\beta }}}},} where A OL {\displaystyle A_{\text{OL}}} is the open-loop gain of the opamp. At low frequencies the feedback factor β has little effect
Transimpedance_amplifier
Precision differential amplifier with input buffering
characteristics include very low DC offset, low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain, very high common-mode rejection ratio, and very high input impedances
Instrumentation_amplifier
in classical feedback theory, in terms of the open loop gain A, the gain with feedback (closed loop gain) is: A F B = A 1 + β F B A . {\displaystyle
Asymptotic_gain_model
Approach to controller design that explicitly deals with uncertainty
variations will be negligible. From the closed-loop transfer function perspective, high open-loop gain leads to substantial disturbance rejection in the
Robust_control
Electrical circuit
negative, the opamp runs open-loop, as there is no feedback signal through the diode. For a typical opamp with high open-loop gain, the output saturates
Precision_rectifier
Audio amplifier with power output sufficient to drive a loudspeaker
concluded just the opposite, concluding that a small open loop bandwidth combined with a large open loop gain does not cause TIM. Further publications by Otala
Audio_power_amplifier
Fixed potential node in an electric circuit
op-amp or some other circuit element that has gain. Since an operational amplifier has very high open-loop gain, the potential difference between its inputs
Virtual_ground
Change of voltage or current per unit of time
The transconductance is typically very high — this is where the large open loop gain of the amplifier is generated. This also means that a fairly small input
Slew_rate
requirements. The operational amplifier must have large open-loop signal gain (voltage gain of 200,000 is obtained in early integrated circuit exemplars)
Operational amplifier applications
Operational_amplifier_applications
Electrical circuit component which amplifies the difference of two analog signals
terminals. Finally, as long as the open-loop voltage gain Aol is much larger than unity, the closed-loop voltage gain is Rf/Ri, the value one would obtain
Differential_amplifier
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
which typically has very high open loop gain and differential inputs. Op amps have become very widely used as standardized "gain blocks" in circuits due to
Amplifier
Type of electronic amplifier
resulting open loop response is different. VFA stability depends on the ratio of open loop gain to feedback gain; CFA stability depends on the ratio of open loop
Current-feedback operational amplifier
Current-feedback_operational_amplifier
Early power transistor
high-frequency performance and there can be degradation of phase-shift and open-loop gain even within the audio frequency range. Modern successors to the 2N3055
2N3055
Component that outputs the integral of its input over time
Because of this, the op amp gets effectively in an open loop configuration, which has infinite open-loop gain (for an ideal op amp, or simply very large for
Integrator
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
the voltage error. This forms a negative feedback control loop; increasing the open-loop gain tends to increase regulation accuracy but reduce stability
Voltage_regulator
Control loop feedback mechanism
proportional gain Ki – integral gain Kd – derivative gain dt – loop interval time (assumes reasonable scale) previous_error := 0 integral := 0 loop: error :=
PID_controller
Iso-damping is a desirable system property referring to a state where the open-loop phase Bode plot is flat—i.e., the phase derivative with respect to the
Iso-damping
Japanese consumer electronics brand
Nakamichi Harmonic Time Alignment (HTA) amplifiers adopt a wideband, low open loop gain design. A minimal amount of negative feedback is used, but, more important
Nakamichi
Valve amplifier designed by David Theodore Nelson Williamson
by 20–30 dB deep negative feedback loop (and thus the complete amplifier must have 20–30 dB higher open loop gain to compensate the effect of feedback)
Williamson_amplifier
Transistor amplifier
its nonlinearity becomes the dominant factor of distortion as the open-loop gain of A1 decreases. This type of distortion is common to operational amplifiers
Blackmer_gain_cell
many practical open-loop and closed-loop control applications and is relevant to analyzing many fundamental steady-state closed-loop system properties
Relative_gain_array
Graphical method of determining the stability of a dynamical system
plot of the open loop systems, it can be applied without explicitly computing the poles and zeros of either the closed-loop or open-loop system (although
Nyquist_stability_criterion
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
slightly increased gain and also matches 50 Ω directly if used as a single element. Unlike a dipole antenna, the polarization of a resonant loop antenna is not
Loop_antenna
Type of textile fastener
Velcro Hook and Loop Fastener, commonly known as Velcro (a trademarked term that the manufacturer renders in all-capital letters as VELCRO), hook-and-pile
Velcro
2024 film by Bernardo Britto
Omni Loop is a 2024 American science fiction drama film written, directed, and edited by Bernardo Britto. It stars Mary-Louise Parker, Ayo Edebiri, Carlos
Omni_Loop
Flow graph invented by Claude Shannon
touched more than once). Loop gain: the product of the gains of all the branches in the loop. Non-touching loops. Non-touching loops have no common nodes
Signal-flow_graph
Branch of engineering and mathematics
there are two types of control loop: open-loop control (feedforward), and closed-loop control (feedback). In open-loop control, the control action from
Control_theory
Loop that increases an initial effect
Mathematically, positive feedback is defined as a positive loop gain around a closed loop of cause and effect. That is, positive feedback is in phase
Positive_feedback
MIMO wireless transmission technique
multiplexing gain can be limited by spatial correlation, which means that some of the parallel streams may have very weak channel gains. In an open-loop MIMO
Spatial_multiplexing
Use of multiple antennas in radio
the receiver's antenna array, each having a different spatial signature—gain phase pattern at the receiver’s antennas. These distinct array signatures
MIMO
Radio antenna which has greater performance in specific alignments
successfully in flat, open areas where there are no mountains to disrupt radiowaves.[citation needed] In contrast, a low-gain antenna (LGA) is an omnidirectional
Directional_antenna
Rail line spiral between the Central Valley and Mojave Desert
create the helix-shaped 0.72-mile (1.16 km) loop with grades averaging about 2.2 percent and an elevation gain of 77 feet (23 m). In 1882, the line was extended
Tehachapi_Loop
Electronic circuit
states that the open-loop gain Aβ must be equal or greater than one, which means magnitude Aβ ≥ 1 and the phase shift around the loop is zero or an integer
Active-filter tuned oscillator
Active-filter_tuned_oscillator
Stability criterion in control theory
root locus plots the poles of the closed loop transfer function in the complex s-plane as a function of a gain parameter (see pole–zero plot). Evans also
Root_locus_analysis
Type of antenna
regenerative loop antenna can consist of a tuned signal winding on an open X frame with a feed back winding in close proximity. High effective gain is achieved
Regenerative_loop_antenna
Positions of a closed-loop transfer function's poles in the s-plane
theory, closed-loop poles are the positions of the poles (or eigenvalues) of a closed-loop transfer function in the s-plane. The open-loop transfer function
Closed-loop_pole
Underwater diving using self contained breathing gas recycling apparatus
depths. The breathing gas in a rebreather loop is warmer and more humid than the dry and cold gas from open circuit equipment, making it more comfortable
Rebreather_diving
2021 video game
Softworks. The player controls Colt Vahn, an assassin who must escape a time loop by killing eight targets known as visionaries before midnight each day. The
Deathloop
Habitual chain of human activities
compulsion loop, reward loop or core loop is a habitual chain of activities that a user may feel compelled to repeat. Typically, this loop is designed
Compulsion_loop
Former American amusement park in New Jersey
went through the loop. A story widely rumored and reported in Weird NJ was that some of the test dummies sent down before it opened had been dismembered
Action_Park
that comes close to achieving this is H∞ loop-shaping, which allows the control designer to apply classical loop-shaping concepts to the multivariable frequency
H-infinity methods in control theory
H-infinity_methods_in_control_theory
Type of radio antenna
describes his antenna as "a pulled-open folded dipole". While the main point of Moore's patent was the two-turn single loop design, which is not the antenna
Quad_antenna
Under construction rapid transit line in Melbourne, Australia
Rail Loop Authority. SRL East is the first stage of the stand-alone Suburban Rail Loop system. Construction commenced in 2022 and is expected to open in
Suburban_Rail_Loop_East
Trail in Banff National Park in Canada
Pass Loop is a trail in Banff National Park. The pass is located outside the city of Banff, Alberta, between Mount Edith and Mount Cory. It opens to Gargoyle
Cory_Pass_Loop
Method of fastening or securing linear material
hitches, bends, loop knots, and splices: a hitch fastens a rope to another object; a bend fastens two ends of a rope to each another; a loop knot is any knot
Knot
Online media hosting service
RedGIFs is an online media hosting service specializing in short-form looping videos and animated images formatted as GIF alternatives, with a primary
RedGIFs
to a massive arm carrying the chest to emerge from the ground. The Loopers opened the chest, revealing a tornado of souls inside, leading Valeria to flee
Fortnite_seasonal_events
Type of knot
created by a loop on the bight. It is used in climbing and caving. The Flemish loop or figure-eight loop is perhaps stronger than the loop knot. Neither
Figure-eight_loop
Digital audio workstation
FL Studio (previously known both as FrootyLoops and FruityLoops) is a digital audio workstation (DAW) developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. It
FL_Studio
Technique used in the development and testing of complex real-time embedded systems
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, also known by various acronyms such as HiL, HITL, and HWIL, is a technique that is used in the development and testing
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Hardware-in-the-loop_simulation
2026 Indian film
supernatural turn when blood is spilled on the forest floor, reactivating a time loop. The officers find themselves trapped in a "glitch" where certain sounds
Sambhavam_Adhyayam_Onnu
Orbital rapid transit line under construction in Melbourne, Australia
The Suburban Rail Loop (SRL) is a rapid transit system currently under construction in Melbourne, the capital of Victoria and second largest city of Australia
Suburban_Rail_Loop
Railway layout for steep climbs
loop or just loop) is a technique employed by railways to ascend steep hills. A railway spiral rises on a steady curve until it has completed a loop,
Spiral_(railway)
Antenna constructions for different applications
isotropic[citation needed] – has very low gain, if any. Not to be confused with the similar shaped, but much larger axial mode helix, nor loop antennas made from multiple
Antenna_types
Characters from post-apocalyptic drama series
Ramsey Explain How They Used The Video Game In Preparation For The Series". Looper. Static Media. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved
Characters of The Last of Us (TV series)
Characters_of_The_Last_of_Us_(TV_series)
Portable apparatus to recycle breathing gas
the flow of breathing gas inside the rebreather, known as the pendulum and loop systems. In the pendulum configuration, the user inhales gas from the counterlung
Rebreather
Hollywood. Retrieved July 10, 2025. Weiss, Sabrina (August 6, 2025). "Joanna Gaines' New Show Will Air on Food Network". People. Schwartz, Ryan (May 15, 2025)
2025_in_American_television
Characters may spin in different directions randomly during cut scenes. When gaining a new ability graphical effects do not display correctly. BloodRayne 2
List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360
List_of_Xbox_games_compatible_with_Xbox_360
Matt Reeves On DC Pic During COVID-19 Hiatus; Unraveling 'Tales From The Loop' & Netflix Slate". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April
Production of The Batman (film)
Production_of_The_Batman_(film)
Body of water in British Columbia, Canada
Lindsay Lake Loop, Swan Falls Loop and Dilly Dally Loop (described below). Hiking time: 6–8 hours return. Distance: 15 km (9 mi). Elevation gain: 1,020 m (3
Buntzen_Lake
Assemblage of connected electrical elements
networks are circuits (although networks without a closed loop are often referred to as open circuits). A resistive network is a network containing only
Electrical_network
and environmental modification. The process is characterized by feedback loops in which the consequences of human intervention reinforced and intensified
Neolithic_in_the_Near_East
Retrieved 2020-01-30. Hershenson, Roberta (1992-10-18). "Jewish Themes Gaining In Youngsters' Books". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-01-30
List of winners of the National Jewish Book Award
List_of_winners_of_the_National_Jewish_Book_Award
Brake servo replaced, mechanical fuel injection system replaced with closed-loop electronic fuel injection system, wheels converted into split rim design
List of Wheeler Dealers episodes
List_of_Wheeler_Dealers_episodes
Japanese television series
Support Analysis Center (KSBC). Involved in saving Musashi, by creating a loop of the surveillance images at the Yokohama Kita Police Station, where Musashi
Captured_Hospital
Hayashi January 22, 2021 (2021-01-22) In another loop, Rika wakes up to discover that Satoko has split open her abdomen and exposed her organs. As Satoko
List of Higurashi When They Cry episodes
List_of_Higurashi_When_They_Cry_episodes
Railway line in Colorado, United States
The Georgetown Loop Railroad is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge United States heritage railroad located in the Rocky Mountains in Clear Creek County, adjacent
Georgetown_Loop_Railroad
British crime drama series (2019-present)
desperate measures to save it. He also explains that he kept Mark out of the loop to save him. In a desperate attempt to legally clarify the document's usage
The_Bay_(TV_series)
King January 24, 2020 (2020-01-24) Decades later, Sabrina awakens in a time loop and swaps places with her future self. With the Regalia's Guards, she goes
List of Chilling Adventures of Sabrina episodes
List_of_Chilling_Adventures_of_Sabrina_episodes
Census-designated place in Gaines County, Texas, United States
Loop is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gaines County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Loop had a population of 216. The community was
Loop,_Texas
American film and television production company
18, 2021. Adalian, Josef (September 21, 2004). "'Mission' Man Touts Net Gains". Variety. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November
Bad_Robot
closed-loop linear control system with open-loop transfer function given by transfer function G ( s ) {\displaystyle G(s)} and with a unit gain in the
Hall_circles
collision: : A Mysuru Dharbhanga train collides with a freight train on a loop line in Chennai, injuring 19 people. 12 October – Former Maharashtra state
2024_in_India
the fact that they appear in presidential tweets, setting up a feedback loop. During his first year in office, he mentioned the Fox & Friends Twitter
Use_of_X_by_Donald_Trump
Two-conductor flat cable used to carry radio frequency signals
lead ribbon cable (75 or 300 Ω), window line (300 Ω, 350 Ω, or 450 Ω), and open wire line or ladder line (500~650 Ω). Twin lead is mainly used as an antenna
Twin-lead
Ruairidh (December 2, 2024). "Donald Trump's Machiavellian philosophy". The Loop. Archived from the original on June 24, 2025. Retrieved September 10, 2025
Donald_Trump_and_fascism
County in Texas, United States
the county seat. In 1912, a small post office opened up east of Seminole that would later become Loop, Texas, named after a local ranch brand. In 1917
Gaines_County,_Texas
Neighborhood in California, US
of the coast. Murphy Ranch Trail Skull Rock Loop is a 4-mile-long loop trail with 1,141 ft of elevation gain located near the Temescal Canyon neighborhood
Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles
Pacific_Palisades,_Los_Angeles
Television program characters
2023). "Why Lord Allun Caswell From House Of The Dragon Looks So Familiar". Looper. Retrieved June 24, 2024. Murray, Rebecca (June 9, 2024). "'House of the
List of House of the Dragon characters
List_of_House_of_the_Dragon_characters
Type of window covering
this air then circulates around the room. Window blinds can reduce solar gain in summer and provide room darkening or blackout for sleeping. Window blinds
Window_blind
Scientific study of language
needed] The emphasis on linguistic description and documentation has also gained prominence outside North America, with the documentation of rapidly dying
Linguistics
2024 studio album by Beyoncé
Shaboozey and Willie Jones. The album is cyclical, with the final note looping seamlessly into the beginning of the first track (which begins "Nothing
Cowboy_Carter
2025 video game
Time-Loop Adventure Isn't Quite Disco Elysium". GAMINGbible. 2025-12-04. Retrieved 2026-05-07. "Disco Elysium-Inspired Narrative RPG 'Rue Valley' Gains A
Rue_Valley
2025 video game
also be earned in the campaign and Zombies modes. As players level up, they gain access to various loadout items, including new weapons, pieces of equipment
Call_of_Duty:_Black_Ops_7
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Traditional
Look; Beauty; Appearance
Boy/Male
Celtic Welsh
Son of Owen.
Male
Swedish
Norwegian and Swedish form of Old Norse Óðinn, ODEN means "poetry, song" and "eager, frenzied, raging."
Male
Welsh
 Modern Welsh form of Old Welsh Owain, OWEN means "born of yew." Compare with another form of Owen.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : habitational name from any of several places called Loose or Loosey.North German : from a short form of Nikolaus, German form of Nicholas.Dutch : nickname from the adjective loos ‘cunning’, ‘artful’, ‘guileful’.English : variant spelling of Loose.
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : habitational name from Look in Puncknowle, Dorset, named in Old English with lūce ‘enclosure’.English : possibly a variant of Luck 3.Northern English and Scottish : from a vernacular pet form of Lucas.Dutch (van Look) : topographic name from look ‘enclosure’ or habitational name from a place named with this word.Thomas Look (b. c. 1622) was in Lynn, MA, by 1646. His son, also called Thomas (b. 1646), moved to Martha’s Vineyard about 1670.
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Penn.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a clerk or penman, from Dutch pen ‘pen’.Cambodian : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle English coupe ‘tub’, ‘container’ (see Cooper). In some cases the surname may have been derived from a pub or house sign.Dutch : from koop ‘purchase’, ‘bargain’, hence a nickname for a haggler or a metonymic occupational name for a merchant.
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eóghan, OWEN means "born of yew." Compare with another form of Owen.
Boy/Male
English French American
Open.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Loop; Autumn
Male
Welsh
Variant form of Welsh Owen, possibly OUEN means "born of yew."
Female
English
English short form of Latin Penelope, PEN means "weaver of cunning."
Male
French
French form of Latin Lupus, LOUP means "wolf."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Look, Blessed with beauty, Shape, Beauty
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name PEN-CHAN means "full moon."
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Boy/Male
Welsh
Son of Owen.
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
Boy/Male
Tamil
God is gracious, Kirti, Good wishes
Boy/Male
Muslim
Generous
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Joyous.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Appearance
Boy/Male
French
From the pointed hill.
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Italian, Latin, Swedish
Joy; Gladness; Delight; Joyful; Happiness
Female
Japanese
(舞) Japanese name MAI means "dance." Compare with another form of Mai.
Girl/Female
Ukrainian
Clear.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Blue Sky, God of Sky
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Fascinating
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
OPEN LOOP-GAIN
a.
Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt.
n.
See 1st Loop.
a.
Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.
n.
A curve of any kind in the form of a loop.
v. t.
To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.
a.
Open.
v. t.
To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting.
a.
Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.
a.
Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement.
a.
Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter.
v. t. & i.
To open.
a.
Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open.
v. t.
To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter.
a.
Produced by an open string; as, an open tone.
v. t.
To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; -- often with up; as, to loop a string; to loop up a curtain.
v. t.
To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers.
n.
See Loon, the bird.
a.
With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant.
a.
Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or meeting.
n.
Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water.