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Clade of dinosaurs
Ornithothoraces is a group of avialan dinosaurs that includes all enantiornithes ("opposite birds") and the euornithes ("true birds"), which includes
Ornithothoraces
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
better sense of smell. A third stage of bird evolution starting with Ornithothoraces (the "bird-chested" avialans) can be associated with the refining of
Bird
Extinct clade of avialan dinosaurs
Enantiornithes is one of two major groups within the larger group Ornithothoraces. The other ornithothoracine group is Euornithes or Ornithuromorpha
Enantiornithes
American paleontologist
(30 December 2015). "A new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from northwestern China with elaborate tail ornamentation". Journal
Jingmai_O'Connor
Clade of extant dinosaurs
pygostylians fall into two distinct groups with regard to the pygostyle. The Ornithothoraces have a ploughshare-shaped pygostyle, while the more primitive members
Pygostylia
Extinct genus of reptiles
†Dromaeosauridae Aves †Archaeopteryx †Oculudentavis †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Confuciusornithiformes †Sapeornis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes Ornithuromorpha
Oculudentavis
American singer and academic
"A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China". Zoological Journal of the
Greg_Graffin
Clade including all birds and their ancestors
†Jeholornis Avebrevicauda †Sapeornis †Confuciusornis †Chongmingia Ornithothoraces Cladogram following the results of a phylogenetic study by Wang et
Avialae
Extinct genus of birds
rachis dominated tail feathers from a new basal enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces): Eopengornis". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 113 (3):
Eopengornis
Extinct family of dinosaurs
found in northern China. They are commonly placed as a sister group to Ornithothoraces, a group that contains all extant birds along with their closest extinct
Confuciusornithidae
Genus of enantiornithean birds
Ornithothoraces Euornithes †Enantiornithes Protopteryx Iberomesornis Shanweiniao Rapaxavis Longirostravis Longipteryx Bauxitornis Gobipteryx Eocathayornis
Magnusavis
Extinct genus of birds
considered to possibly have been very basal, outside of the clade Ornithothoraces, as is reflected by its generic name. However, since the discovery
Iberomesornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
view, C. zhengi represents a previously unknown sister taxa to the Ornithothoraces clade, belonging to Avialae, or a sister taxon to a clade made up of
Chongmingia
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Changzhousaurus
Genus of extinct avialan
†Baminornis †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Jinguofortisidae †Confuciusornithidae Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes Euornithes (traditional definition) (alternative definition)
Baminornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Zhonghe; Zhou, Shuang (2016). "A new basal ornithuromorph bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of China with implication for morphology
Bellulornis
Genus of extinct avialan
†Archaeopteryx †Zhengheornis †Baminornis †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Confuciusornithidae †Sapeornis †Jinguofortisidae Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes Euornithes
Zhengheornis
Extinct genus of enantiornithean
Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Theropoda Clade: Ornithothoraces Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see Theropoda Maniraptora
Gretcheniao
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Pelagornis
Tail end of the spine in birds
K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF)
Pygostyle
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Kayrasaurus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
(2011) A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China. Zoological Journal of the
Gansus
Extinct genus of dinosaur
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Yi_(dinosaur)
Genus of therizinosaurid dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Duonychus
Extinct genus of birds
not closely related to Ornithurae, and likely not even a member of Ornithothoraces which includes modern birds and their closest ancestors. The archaic
Gargantuavis
Zheng; Zhonghe Zhou (2024). "First Edentulous Enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Avifauna". Cretaceous Research. 159
List of bird species described in the 2020s
List_of_bird_species_described_in_the_2020s
Genus of birds
and H.-L. You, 2009, "Exceptionally preserved Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China", Journal of Vertebrate
Feitianius
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Gastornis
Clade of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Pangalloanserae
Clade of dinosaurs
Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Ornithothoraces Clade: Euornithes Stejneger, 1884 Subgroups †Archaeorhynchus †Chaoyangia
Euornithes
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
†Xiaotingia †Pedopenna †Archaeopteryx †Alcmonavis Pygostylia †Confuciusornis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes Ornithuromorpha †Sapeornis †Jinguofortis †Jeholornis
Alcmonavis
Genus of enantiornithean birds
Zhou, Zhonghe (2024-02-27). "First Edentulous Enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Avifauna". Cretaceous Research. 159
Imparavis
Extinct bird genus
Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Theropoda Clade: Ornithothoraces Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see Theropoda Maniraptora
Tenuicruris
Therizinosaurid genus from the Late Cretaceous period
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Therizinosaurus
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Ichthyornis
Extinct genus of birds
Jingmai (19 August 2009). "A systematic review of Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) :: University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses". USC
Nanantius
Clade of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Ornithurae
evolution of the coracoscapular joint into synchondrosis in members of Ornithothoraces, and from subsequent closing of the canal in members of Ornithuromorpha
2026 in archosaur paleontology
2026_in_archosaur_paleontology
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Dromornis
Extinct bird genus
Zhang, Xiaoqin; You, Hailu (2025-01-17). "A new enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation with unusually short pubes"
Novavis
Extinct family of dinosaurs
insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. doi:10
Songlingornithidae
Extinct family of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Dromornithidae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Anchiornis
Extinct genus of reptiles
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Nanshiungosaurus
Extinct genus of anchiornithid dinosaurs
Avialae †Archaeopteryx †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Confuciusornithidae Ornithothoraces Ornithuromorpha †Enantiornithes †Anchiornithidae Eosinopteryx Aurornis
Fujianvenator
Extinct family of dinosaurs
Carlos Agustín Scanferla (2010). "New enantiornithine bird (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from the Late Cretaceous of NW Argentina". Comptes Rendus Palevol
Avisauridae
Extinct genus of birds
Qiang suggested an alternative position as the sister taxon of the Ornithothoraces. In 2002 Ji's hypothesis was confirmed by a cladistic analysis by Chiappe
Confuciusornis
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Hesperornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. doi:10
Abitusavis
Geological formation in Liaoning, China
Zhou, Zhonghe (2024-02-27). "First Edentulous Enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Avifauna". Cretaceous Research. 159
Jiufotang_Formation
Extinct species of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Balaur_bondoc
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Deinonychosauria
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Linhenykus
Extinct family of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Scansoriopterygidae
Extinct genus of large flightless birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Genyornis
Extinct bird genus
evolution towards elongated rostra in enantiornithine birds (Aves, Ornithothoraces)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 145: 251–265. doi:10.3897/sjp.145
Gorgonavis
Extinct genus of birds
approximately 130.7 million years ago. Despite being one of the earliest known ornithothoraces, this genus possessed several features of derived enantiornitheans
Cruralispennia
Therizinosauroid dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Alxasaurus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Juehuaornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Caihong
Family of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Archaeopterygidae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Aurornis
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Chupkaornis
Extinct genus of avialan
Kathleen; Wang, Min (2014). "A new species from an ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) dominated locality of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin.
Iteravis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Zhyraornis
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Vegavis
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Ichthyornithes
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Parvicursor
Extinct genus of birds
K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF)
Hongshanornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Patagopteryx
Extinct clade of aquatic avialans closely related to modern birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Hesperornithes
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Lamarqueavis
Extinct family of birds
K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF)
Hongshanornithidae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Eshanosaurus
Family of extinct long-legged dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Alvarezsauridae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Beipiaosaurus
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Brontornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Suzhousaurus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Rahonavis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Jeholornis
Extinct order of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Yanornithiformes
Extinct genus of birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Parahesperornis
Extinct species of birds
coloration Wang, Min; Zhou, Zhonghe (2019). "A new enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) with completely fused premaxillae from the Early Cretaceous of China"
Shangyang_graciles
Extinct bird genus
Ornithothoraces Euornithes †Enantiornithes Protopteryx Elsornis Neuquenornis Pengornis Eopengornis Parapengornis Eoenantiornis Gretcheniao Neobohaiornis
Chromeornis
Extinct bird genus
Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes Euornithes †Zhongjianornis †Chongmingia †Xinghaiornis †Xiangornis †Yumenornis †Eogranivora †Dingavis †Archaeorhynchus
Kunpengornis
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Falcarius
Extinct family of avialans
Ke-Qin; Chiappe, Luis M. (24 March 2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF)
Longipterygidae
Geological formation in the United States
"Skeletal morphology and systematics of the Cretaceous Euenantiornithes (Ornithothoraces: Enantiornithes)". Mesozoic Birds, above the heads of Dinosaurs. Berkeley:
Lance_Formation
insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. Bibcode:2020JSPal
Paleobiota of the Yixian Formation
Paleobiota_of_the_Yixian_Formation
Extinct genus of bird-like dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Shuvuuia
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Mononykus
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Therizinosauria
Extinct genus of birds
Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Theropoda Clade: Ornithothoraces Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see Theropoda Maniraptora
Gobipipus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Apatornis
insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. Bibcode:2020JSPal
List_of_Mesozoic_birds
Extinct genus of reptiles
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Enigmosaurus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Apsaravis
Extinct superfamily of dinosaurs
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Alvarezsauroidea
Genus of extinct gansuid birds
Eoconfuciusornis Yangavis †Jinguofortisidae Chongmingia Cratonavis Jinguofortis Ornithothoraces †Enantiornithes see Enantiornithes Euornithes see below↓ Euornithes
Shuilingornis
Extinct bird genus
"A new diminutive species of bohaiornithid enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group, northern China". Scientific
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