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Unusually long straight shell of a nautiloid cephalopod
An orthocone is the long, cone-shaped shell belonging to several species of ancient nautiloid cephalopod—the prehistoric ancestors of today's marine cephalopod
Orthocone
Extinct genus of molluscs
genus' use as a wastebasket taxon for numerous species of conical-shelled (orthocone) nautiloids throughout the Paleozoic and Triassic. Since this work was
Orthoceras
Extinct genus of enigmatic cephalopod
species, A. nordenskjoeldi. It is either considered the last of the "orthocone"-type cephalopods, the only member of its subclass Paracoleoidea & a descendant
Antarcticeras
Genus of extinct, giant cephalopods
during the entire Ordovician period. Like other endocerids, it was an orthocone, meaning that its shell was fairly straight and pointed. It was particularly
Cameroceras
Extinct genus of molluscs
of orthocerids of uncertain affinity, the shell of which is a smooth orthocone with the siphuncle between the center and probably the venter. Type species:
Loxoceras
Extinct subclass of cephalopod molluscs
Ammonoids are widely thought to have originated from straight-shelled (orthocone) "nautiloids" belong to Bactritida during the early Devonian (Emsian)
Ammonoidea
Extant subclass of cephalopods
shapes, including coiled morphologies and giant straight-shelled forms (orthocones). No orthoconic and only a handful of coiled species, the nautiluses,
Nautiloid
Class of mollusks
over 470 million years ago. The Bactritida, a Devonian–Triassic group of orthocones, are widely held to be paraphyletic without the coleoids and ammonoids
Cephalopod
Extinct genus of molluscs
the largest cephalopod by length in the fossil record. Another large orthocone fossil is displayed at the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History
Endoceras
Extinct order of molluscs
diameter and thickness of a calciosiphonate connecting ring and shape of orthocone siphuncles. Orthocerida may thus be a polyphyletic group, having arisen
Orthocerida
Distal portion of the forelimb of an animal
Shell Types External Ammonoid shell Argonautid eggcase Nautiloid shell Orthocone Internal Belemnoid guard Cirrate shell Cuttlebone Gladius (pen) Spirula
Manus_(anatomy)
2026 American documentary series
seeks shelter among giant orthocones (Endoceras) who are gathering to mate under a supermoon. The male Sacabambaspis and orthocones arrive back at the reef
Surviving_Earth
Extinct family of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Orthoceratidae
Extinct family of molluscs
Narthecoceratidae is an extinct family of orthocone cephalopods who lived in marine environments in what is now North America during the Ordovician from
Narthecoceratidae
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
dominant marine arthropods (e.g. eurypterids) and cephalopod molluscs (e.g. orthocones), producing some of the first and most infamous vertebrate apex predators
Placoderm
Extinct group of squid-like animals
deposits are referred to semi-formally as "belemnite battlefields" (cf. "orthocone orgies"). It remains unclear whether these deposits represent post-mating
Belemnoidea
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Aulacocerida
Extinct genus of nautiloids
of Europe and Australia. Shells of Plagiostomoceras are long slender orthocones with circular to slightly depressed cross sections. Sutures are straight
Plagiostomoceras
Genus of molluscs
assigned to Orthocerida by Sepkoski (2002). The shell is an elongated orthocone with fine, longitudinal ribbing, very similar to the shells of its sister
Vericeras
Genus of molluscs
the pseudorthocerid family, Spyroceratidae. Spyroceras had annulated orthocones with straight transverse sutures, transverse or slightly oblique surface
Spyroceras
2003 British television documentary series
prehistoric "sea monsters" encountered throughout the series include the giant orthocone (Cameroceras), an enormous primitive cephalopod, the armor-plated giant
Sea_Monsters_(TV_series)
Origin and diversification of cephalopods through geologic time
It is widely held that the Bactritida, a Silurian–Triassic group of orthocones, are paraphyletic to the coleoids and ammonoids – that is, the latter
Evolution_of_cephalopods
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Ammonitida
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Ceratitida
Family of nautiloidea
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Spyroceratidae
Extinct family of cephalopod molluscs
Sphaeorthoceratidae is an extinct family of orthocone cephalopods that lived in the Paleozoic Era. They were similar to the nautiloid Michelinoceras in
Sphaerorthoceratidae
Genus of nautiloids
only two closely related genera. Teinoceras is represented by a smooth orthocone that enlarges slightly with growth and that has a lenticular (i.e. "lens-shaped")
Tienoceras
Extinct family of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Belosaepiidae
Fossil-bearing deposit in Scotland
mass mortalities of this fauna, and also brought marine species such as orthocone cephalopods, polychaete worms and conodonts, which are also found fossilised
Granton_Shrimp_Bed
Extinct genus of molluscs
opening of the initial spiral and a reduction in the expansion of the orthocone. Flower, R. H. 1950. A Classification of the Nautiloidia. Jour Paleontology
Angelinoceras
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Belosepiella
Extinct genus of nautiloids
(Sweet 1964,) Species referred to Cycloceras are annulated, subcylindrical orthocones with no longitudinal ornamentation . Fig 186, p K258 Teichert et al. (1964)
Cycloceras
contiguous or slightly separated whorls followed by a rapidly expanding orthocone with an apical angle of about 30 deg. Growth lines are sinuous, show a
Ancistroceras
Genus of mollusc
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Plectronoceras
Genus of molluscs
Rousseau Flower, 1957. Glenestoceras is described as being a weakly annulate orthocone with a circular cross section and large central siphuncle with slightly
Glenisteroceras
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
and radiodontids) and to a lesser extent shelled cephalopods (such as orthocones). Almost all phyla of marine animals evolved in this period. During this
Phanerozoic
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
κωνικός (kōnikós) conic, conical, conicoid, conodont, conoid, conoscope, orthocone, orthoconic, polyconic condi- season Latin condire condiment contra- against
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Extinct order of molluscs
ascoceroid conch, is thinner and more fragile in ascocerids than in any other orthocone of comparable size; this accounts for the rarity of their preservation
Ascocerida
Fossil order of cephalopods
gap of nearly 50 million years occurs between Bactroceras and the next orthocones with a spherical apex and ventral siphuncle. Bactritids, especially the
Bactritida
Origin: Ancient Greek: ὄρθος (órthos). Meaning: straight. Examples: Orthocone ('straight cone'); Orthoceras ('straight horn'); Orthacanthus ('straight
List of commonly used taxonomic affixes
List_of_commonly_used_taxonomic_affixes
Genus of nautiloids
Ordovician genus characterized by a rapidly expanded, weakly annulate orthocone, like the orthoconic section of Ancistroceras, but with only a curved
Rhynchorthoceras
Museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
of a New Era" (Triassic). Notable specimens include the Burgess Shale, orthocones and sea scorpions and other fossils from Ontario and the holotype of Dimetrodon
Royal_Ontario_Museum
Widespread shallow marine limestone
to an off shore ramp. Fossils found within the Selby include corals, orthocones, various types of brachiopods, stromatoporoids green algae, including
Trenton_Group
Fossil order of cephalopods
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Endocerida
Extinct genus of nautiloids
Europe, Asia, and Australia. The shell is a smooth, gently expanding orthocone with straight transverse to oblique and slightly sinuous sutures. Some
Dolorthoceras
Extinct genus of nautiloids
of the state of New York. The shell of Eotripteroceras is a depressed orthocone with the underside (the venter) flatter than the upper (the dorsum). The
Eotripteroceras
Body variation
largest non-heteromorphs. The greatest lengths of all were reached by the orthocones of endocerid nautiloids such as Endoceras, which may have exceeded 8 m
Cephalopod_size
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Tarphycerida
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Diplobelus
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Pseudorthocerida
Part of the shell of a mollusk
end, and the opening itself is usually called the apical aperture. In orthocone cephalopods, the pointed end of the shell is called the apex, and shell
Apex_(mollusc)
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Clymeniida
Order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Lituitida
Castle in Denbighshire, Wales
dual purpose of both defense and quarrying stone to build Dinas Brân. Orthocone straight-shelled Nautiloids (Molluscan Class Cephalopoda), various brachiopod
Castell_Dinas_Brân
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Actinocerida
for its exceptionally preserved cephalopods, including ammonoids and orthocones with preserved mandibles. Aoufilal Formation Uppermost Famennian Eastern
List_of_lagerstätten
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Prolecanitida
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
κωνικός (kōnikós) conic, conical, conicoid, conodont, conoid, conoscope, orthocone, orthoconic, polyconic condi- season Latin condire condiment contra- against
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Extinct genus of nautiloids
stratigraphic gap of nearly 50 million years between Bactroceras and the next orthocones with a spherical apex and ventral siphuncle. Bactroceras had a thin, cone
Bactroceras
mineral deposits in chambered shells on buoyancy and maneuverability of orthocone cephalopods is presented by Peterman, Landman & Ciampaglio (2026). Galácz
2026_in_paleomalacology
Geologic formation in Utah, United States
Canyon. The stratum is fossiliferous and it has been shown to contain orthocone cephalopods and corals identified as Eofletcheria sp.. The thickness has
Crystal_Peak_Dolomite
Extinct order of nautiloids
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Ellesmerocerida
Ordovician Lagerstätte in France
A. Bathmoceras? sp. B. Indet. annulated orthocone. C. Indet. smooth orthocerid?
Cabrières_Biota
Genus of molluscs (fossil)
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Adkinsia
Extinct genus of molluscs
as the Orthocerida, characterized by long, slender, nearly cylindrical orthocones with a circular cross section, long camerae, very long body chambers,
Michelinoceras
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Phragmoteuthis
Genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Shimanskya
Genus of molluscs (fossil)
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Ainoceras
Extinct family of molluscs
years ago, during the Carboniferous period. They were the last group of orthocones to attain sizes exceeding one meter (three feet) in length. One specimen
Carbactinoceratidae
Extinct order of molluscs
aspects similar to rod-bearing orthocones of the Ordovician. It is thought by some that Ordovician-Silurian orthocones with continuous longitudinal endosiphuncular
Dissidocerida
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Goniatite
Genus of nautiloids
Devonian of Europe characterized by uncompressed, moderately expanding, orthocones with a central siphuncle composed of cylindrical segments that are slightly
Laumontoceras
genera, given with brief descriptions. Protocycloceras. Strongly annulate orthocones; cross section circular; annulations and sutures transverse and essentially
Protocycloceratidae
Group of marine microfossils
for a variety of reasons, but polychaete worms, Promissum conodonts and orthocone cephalopods remain as likely candidates. However, further evidence connecting
Chitinozoan
Genus of cephalopods
about 1.5 to 2 loosely coiled whorls followed by a rapidly expanding orthocone, much like Ancistroceras except for the apical whorls and that Holmiceras
Holmiceras
Extinct genus of arthropods
fossils such as Prionopeltis and Schariya as well as in assemblages where orthocone cephalopods are common. In these regions, Acutiramus appears to have been
Acutiramus
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Belosaepia
Extinct orthoceratoid cephalopod genus
Ordovician. Shells of Rangeroceras are smooth, slightly depressed, rod-bearing orthocones with moderately large submarginal siphuncles. The siphuncular rods, which
Rangeroceras
Order of cephalopods
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Nautilida
strata Champlain Bridge Stromatolite fossils Westboro Beach Stromatolite, orthocone and trace fossils Transitway at Roosevelt Avenue Stromatolite fossils
Geography_of_Ottawa
Extinct family of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Pseudorthoceratidae
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Plectronocerida
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Phragmoteuthida
Sweet (1964) and Sepkoski (2002). Tretoceras is represented by depressed orthocones with closely spaced septa and what has been described and two (2) siphuncles
Tretoceras
Extinct family of molluscs
family within the Oncocerida to include genera characterized by longiconic orthocones and cyrtocones with a subtriangular to depressed cross-section in which
Jovellaniidae
Extinct family of molluscs
Termier & Termier in 1950. Arthrophyllum has slender, gradually expanding orthocones or faintly endogastic longicones, the surfaces of which are covered with
Lamellorthoceratidae
Genus of primitive chelicerate
known synsiphosurine Pasternakevia, eurypterid fragments, and a small orthocone shell. Polypenko allowed Ru D.A. Smith to purchase it, and Smith then
Smotrychaspis
Genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Belemnotheutis
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fish
also preserves an assemblage of conodonts, palaeoniscoids, brachiopods, orthocones, larger predatory chondrichthyans such as Edestus, Orodus, Cobelodus,
Ornithoprion
Doguzhaeva; Stefan Bengtson; Marcelo A. Reguero; Thomas Mörs (2017). "An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods"
2017_in_paleomalacology
Australian palaeontologist (1861–1919)
including trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids and orthocones. Clarke named the trilobite Metacryphaeus allardyceae in her honour. "Molesworth
Constance_Greene
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Permoteuthis
Extinct genus of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Turcutheca
Extinct order of molluscs
Phragmoteuthids Early forms the earliest cephalopod group Ellesmerocerida Orthocones: Endocerida, Orthocerida, Actinocerida Brevicones: Ascocerida, Oncocerida
Discosorida
Extinct order of nautiloids
advanced forms include gyrocones, serpenticones, torticones, and elongate orthocones and cyrtocones, reflective of the different families and genera (Flower
Oncocerida
Genus of molluscs
Endocerida by Sepkoski (2002). The shells of Garryoceras are depressed orthocones (height less than width), described as having a flattened dorsum and more
Garryoceras
deep-water settings. Nanglu et al. (2023) report the discovery of an orthocone cephalopod phragmocone from the Ordovician Fezouata Formation (Morocco)
2023_in_paleontology
English mountaineer and geologist
from Solenhofen in Germany. The museum also houses Eccles's Devonian orthocones from Wissenbach and several remains of vertebrates from the Kupperschiefer
James_Eccles
Extinct family of molluscs
Paraphragmitidae was named and defined by Flower (1950) as containing annulated orthocones and cyrtocones included in the Michelinoceratida. Walter Sweet, (in Teichert
Paraphragmitidae
Geologic formation in Michigan
accumulated over time on the seabed via waves or currents. In addition, the orthocones may have been empty shells that drifted into the basin. Earth sciences
Big_Hill_Formation
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