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Extinct language of southern Italy
Oscan is an extinct Indo-European language of southern Italy. The language is in the Osco-Umbrian or Sabellic branch of the Italic languages. Oscan is
Oscan_language
Group of Italic languages
words in Umbrian, but otherwise the languages are known almost exclusively from inscriptions, principally of Oscan and Umbrian, but there are also some
Osco-Umbrian_languages
3rd-century BC Oscan inscription
The Oscan Tablet (Latin Tabula Osca) or Agnone Tablet is a bronze inscription written in the Oscan alphabet that dates to the 3rd century BC. It was found
Oscan_Tablet
Ancestor of Latin and other Italic languages
prehistory of these languages that would have served as the first stage of the sound change. Such a development did not occur in Oscan, where the appearance
Proto-Italic_language
Italo-Romance language spoken in Italy
effects of the Oscan substratum are postulated, but substratum claims are highly controversial. Neapolitan has mostly Italian language roots and an adstratum
Neapolitan_language
Oscan language
Paelignian is an extinct Oscan language formerly spoken by the Paeligni. The Paelignian language is known from around sixty inscriptions dating to the
Paelignian_language
Extinct Italic language of central Italy
Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group
Umbrian_language
Ancient Italic population
Lucania, in what is now southern Italy, who spoke the Oscan language, a member of the Italic languages. Today, the inhabitants of the Basilicata region are
Lucanians
Ancestor of the Celtic languages
of Old Irish may parallel several reduplicated forms in Italic, such as Oscan fifikus. However, Kortlandt alternatively suggests that the s-future and
Proto-Celtic_language
Stone slab inscribed in the Oscan language
Abellanus is a stone slab inscribed in the Oscan language. It is one of the most important examples of the Oscan language along with the Tabula Bantina. The Cippus
Cippus_Abellanus
Italic people of Campania and Latium adiectum during Roman times
consensus can be reached concerning their location and language. By the end of this period, the Oscan language had evolved and was spoken by a number of sovereign
Osci
Language family native to Eurasia
Luwian, Lycian, Lydian and other Anatolian languages (c. 1400–400 BC). Oscan, Umbrian and other Old Italic languages (c. 600–200 BC)). Old Persian (c. 500 BC)
Indo-European_languages
bronze tablet and one of the major sources for ancient Oscan, an extinct Indo-European language closely related to Latin. It was discovered in 1790 near
Tabula_Bantina
Ancient Italic tribe
were an ancient Italic tribe, part of the Osci nation, speaking an Oscan language. Descending from the Apennines, the proto-Osci settled in the areas
Campanians
of Vibia is an ancient inscription written in the Oscan language. It is one of the longest known Oscan texts. The inscription was first discovered in 1876
Curse_of_Vibia
Historical region of southern Italy; part of the Roman Republic/Empire
The language of these endonyms and of the population was the Oscan language. However, not all the Samnites spoke Oscan, and not all the Oscan-speakers
Samnium
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
the language family concept. It has been asserted, for example, that many of the more striking features shared by Italic languages (Latin, Oscan, Umbrian
Language_family
Roman goddess of wisdom
from the Sabines." The name Minerva may also have been uncovered in an Oscan inscription which may contain the term menere(vas). However, the philologist
Minerva
Samnite goddess of the foul-smelling gases of the earth
links between the heavens and the underworld. Mefitis was a Samnite and Oscan goddess worshipped from the 7th-century BCE to the 2nd-century CE whose
Mefitis
Branch of the Indo-European language family
ancient Italic languages are Faliscan (the closest to Latin), Umbrian and Oscan (or Osco-Umbrian), and South Picene. Other Indo-European languages once spoken
Italic_languages
Personal given name in Ancient Rome
Roman populace, and their neighbors, the Falisci and Hernici; the Oscan languages, including the Sabines, who also contributed to early Roman culture
Praenomen
Roman god of war, guardian of agriculture
Latin and poetic usage also appears as Māvors (Māvortis), is cognate with Oscan Māmers (Māmertos). In older literature, the god Mars was equated with the
Mars_(mythology)
Sacrifice of dogs in Roman religion
is found among other Italic peoples. According to the Iguvine Tablets, Oscans sacrificed an unblemished dog or puppy to the chthonic Hondus Jovius: it
Supplicia_canum
Ancient peoples living in Italy
Safinìm), and consequently: Oscan *safno > *safnio > Safinìm > Samnium Sabellic *safio > Safini > Sabini. For example: Oscan Safineis Latin Samnites. Strabo
Sabellians
Roman adaptation of the Greek divine hero Heracles
deities may have resulted from the agrarian associations of both gods. In the Oscan Agnone tablet, Hercules is mentioned with the epithet Keriiúí, equivalent
Hercules
2nd-century BCE Oscan inscription from Pompeii
The Testament of Vibius Adiranus is an Oscan language inscription carved onto a travertine stone tablet that was discovered in the Samnite Palaestra [it]
Testament_of_Vibius_Adiranus
Ancient Roman goddess of love, sex and fertility
from an Italic source. Similarly, the name of the goddess is attested in Oscan ϝενζηι (wenzēi), which may also have been borrowed from Latin. Derivatives
Venus_(mythology)
Middle Eastern goddess, worshipped from the Bronze Age through classical antiquity
of Mount Eryx was initially dedicated to an indigenous goddess named in Oscan inscriptions as Herentas Herukina (𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌔 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌊𐌉𐌍𐌀), who
Astarte
and Vestinian languages invariably show the law in process, and all Osco-Umbrian dialects have no exceptions in the plural. When Oscan was written with
Glossary of sound laws in the Indo-European languages
Glossary_of_sound_laws_in_the_Indo-European_languages
Ancient town in southern Italy
Varro states that the name meant "old forum" (Latin forum vetus) in the Oscan language, and also that the town itself was Samnite before the Roman conquest
Casinum
Aspects of the Roman god
also used by the Oscan people to refer to Jupiter, although the epithet does not appear in known Oscan inscriptions. However, Oscan texts do contain the
Epithets_of_Jupiter
Group of dialects of Neapolitan
Oscan, a language spoken by the Samnites. For example, pjéskje ("rocks" or "stones") is related to Oscan *psk. As typical in the Neapolitan language,
Molisan
Roman goddess of flowers and spring
('flower'; cf. Latin flōs, flōris 'blossom, flower'). It is cognate with the Oscan goddess of flowers Fluusa, demonstrating that the cult had spread across
Flora_(mythology)
Comune in Basilicata, Italy
known as the Tabula Bantina, which contains a fragment of the ancient Oscan language. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"
Banzi
Archaic letter of the Greek alphabet
Greek before the loss of /w-/ lost that sound when Greek did. For instance, Oscan Viteliu ('land of the male calves', compare Latin: vitulus 'yearling, male
Digamma
Roman goddess of agriculture
stems from Proto-Italic *kerēs ('with grain, Ceres'; cf. Faliscan ceres, Oscan kerrí ('Cererī' < *ker-s-ēi- < *ker-es-ēi-), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European
Ceres_(mythology)
Roman term for a fortified military base
and respond quickly to threats. Castrum appears in Oscan and Umbrian, two other Italic languages, suggesting an origin at least as old as Proto-Italic
Castra
their exterior side and, on their interiors, writings in foreign languages, presumably Oscan. If this description is accurate, it would imply that the urns
Lex_Luci_Lucerina
incorporated into Latin through an Oscan substrate, in which native Oscan speakers erroneously imported elements of their native language into Latin whilst attempting
Dialects_of_Latin
Ancient Italic language
spoke Oscan. Pre-Samnite is recorded in a few short inscriptions dating from around 500 BC. The language belongs to the Osco-Umbrian group of languages, and
Pre-Samnite_language
Indo-European language of the Italic branch
into their language, including persona 'mask' and histrio 'actor'. Latin also included vocabulary borrowed from Oscan, another Italic language. After the
Latin
Ruined brothel in Pompeii, Italy
demographic as well as the languages spoken within the brothel. Text could be found in Greek, Latin, and the native Oscan language. Because of the Romans'
Lupanar
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
from documented Indo-European languages. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language. The majority of linguistic work
Proto-Indo-European_language
Extinct Indo-European language of Southeastern Italy
from Greek to Oscan to Latin and undergoing subsequent morphological shifts. Messapic was a non-Italic and non-Greek Indo-European language of Balkan origin
Messapic_language
Town in Naples, Campania, Italy
its status as a municipium, its own institutions, and the use of the Oscan language. It was divided into pagi, the names of some of which are preserved:
Nola
Italic people living in Samnium in south-central Italy
The Samnites (Oscan: Safineis) were an ancient Italic people who inhabited Samnium, a region located in the modern inland Abruzzo, Molise, and Campania
Samnites
Geographical and cultural region of Southern Italy
"Irpinia" derives from the Oscan word "hirpus", which means wolf, and the wolf remains Irpinia's symbol to this day. Oscan tribes of the Sabines, under
Irpinia
Minor ancient Roman goddess
Genitalis in the Carmen Saeculare (line 16). Some have compared it to the Oscan Deiua Geneta (birth goddess), while still others deem that Genita Mana may
Mana_Genita
Historical region of Southern Italy
historical region of Southern Italy, named after its native Lucani, an Oscan people. It extended from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It bordered
Lucania
Extinct Indo-European language from Sicily
comparable to the Oscan hipid; dedaxed ('made' ?), perhaps a reduplicated k-extended form of the root *dʰeh₁- similar to Volscian fhe:fhaked and Oscan fefacid;
Siculian
Phenomenon involving Proto-Indo-European roots
(< Proto-Slavic *turъ), Lithuanian tauras, Welsh tarw, Old Irish tarb, Oscan turuf, and Albanian taroç. In other cases, it is Germanic that preserves
S-mobile
Ancient Roman altar
"pir ase antentu," meaning "he shall place the fire on the altar." In the Oscan Agnone tablet, the term purasiaí ("fiery") is sometimes used as a descriptive
Ara_(ancient_Rome)
Queen regent of the Ardiaei
with Old Irish túath '[common] people, nation', Lithuanian tautà 'people', Oscan touto 'community', Albanian tëtanë 'people, everyone', and with Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰
Teuta
Ancient Italic language
Volscian was a Sabellic Italic language, which was spoken by the Volsci and closely related to Oscan and Umbrian. Volscian is attested in an inscription
Volscian_language
Ancient Italic people
ISBN 978-88-913-2743-7. Donaldson, John William (1860). "Chapter IV: The Sabello-Oscan Language". Varronianus: A Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography
Sabines
Ancient tribe in Apulia, Italy
Messapian language, but had developed separate archaeological cultures by the seventh century BC; however, in Peucetian territory ancient Greek and Oscan language
Peucetians
Bronze tables containing inscriptions in Italic languages
bring us aid." Moreover, Umbrian Prestota is possibly connected to the Oscan goddess anterstataí, a deity mentioned on the Agnone Tablet. Praestota is
Iguvine_Tablets
Extinct language of ancient Italy
went on in modified form after the language disappeared. In addition to being the source of the Roman and early Oscan and Umbrian alphabets, it has been
Etruscan_language
Roman term for a group of ten people
judging from the related Umbrian dequrier, tekuries 'decurial'; and compare Oscan dekkviarim. Decuriae was a Roman term used by Elder Pliny in his Natural
Decury
Set index on a Roman name
–ar is highly unusual for Latin, but is a common suffix in the Sabine Oscan language, spoken in Southern Italy up to the 1st century AD. The etymology of
Gaius_Julius_Caesar_(name)
Pre-Roman goddess
Structurally, the name Cupra is perhaps comparable to the name of the Oscan goddess herentateis, whose name derives from the semantically similar root
Cupra_(goddess)
Italian archaeologist, epigrapher, poet, and teacher
time. Guarini was also a pioneer in the study of the Oscan language. He was a first to create an Oscan/Latin Dictionary. His other works, numbering close
Raimondo_Guarini
Part of speech in Proto-Italic grammar
also generalized the dual for the plural. Paelignian, a Sabellic language of the Oscan group, contains the second-person plural imperative form eite (“go”)
Proto-Italic_verbs
Comune in Campania, Italy
as well as a portion of the ancient walls. A long inscription in the Oscan language records a treaty between Abella and Nola. It dates (according to Mommsen)
Avella
Ancient Roman boundary marker or milestone
BC cippi also have name inscriptions. The "Cippus Abellanus" (in the Oscan language), like the "Cippus Perusinus", is not a tombstone. Carthaginian cippi
Cippus
Extinct Indo-European language
5th-century BCE ceramics as plaiṣ[. Names in Blais- also occur in Sabine, Oscan, Etruscan and Latin inscriptions elsewhere in Italy, but their relationship
Ligurian_language_(ancient)
Indo-European-speaking people of pre-Roman Apulia
contact with the Italic languages of the region. In the centuries before Roman annexation, the frontier between Messapic and Oscan ran through
Iapygians
Genre of comedy from ancient Latin theatre
comedies",) also known as the Oscan Games (Latin: ludi Osci, "Oscan plays"), were masked improvised farces in Ancient Rome. The Oscan athletic games were very
Atellan_Farce
Sanctuary, sacred grove in Campania, Italy
less-affluent individuals. Alongside the aforementioned artifacts, sets of Oscan stelae have been excavated, seventeen of which are composed of terracotta
Fondo_Patturelli
Hypothetical grouping of the Italic and Celtic language families
fortis, fortissimus "strong, strongest", Old Irish sen, sinem "old, oldest", Oscan mais, maimas "more, most"), where branches outside Italic and Celtic derive
Italo-Celtic_languages
Extinct Italic language
consensus classification has it as Osco-Umbrian, closely related to Oscan (see Italic languages § Classification). Only two inscriptions survive.[citation needed]
Vestinian_language
Family of writing systems in ancient Italy
Camunic Various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (Faliscan and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, Umbrian, and South Picene
Old_Italic_scripts
18th-century French historian and linguist
excavation of Herculaneum, including some ancient inscriptions in the Oscan language. Histoire des navigations aux terres australes, contenant ce que l'on
Charles_de_Brosses
(all extinct) Umbrian Umbrian proper Sabine Marsian Volscian Sabine Oscan Oscan proper Samnite Lucanian Marrucinian Paelignian Sidicini Hernican Unclassified
List of Indo-European languages
List_of_Indo-European_languages
Ancient Italic people
Campania. The city of Nuceria was associated with the Alfaterni, with the Oscan words Nuvkrinum Alafaternum appearing on one coin from the area. Etymologically
Alfaterni
Comune in Campania, Italy
way to the Hirpini, a warlike Italic tribe of Samnite ethnicity and Oscan language, who settled the territory in pre-Roman times. To this civilization
Ariano_Irpino
Indo-European language
branch in the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of the Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken
Armenian_language
2017. Retrieved 24 October 2016. Buck, Carl Darling (1904). A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary. Boston: The
List of languages by first written account
List_of_languages_by_first_written_account
All known writing up to 300 CE
words. the Umbrian language attested essentially by the sacrificial instructions of the Iguvinian Tables with 5000 words the Oscan language (ibid.) with 2000
Ancient_text_corpora
Gaulish epithet of the god Mars
epithet of the same formation, Loucetius, is applied to Jupiter in the Oscan language. Helmut Birkhan takes the byname either as 'Mars of lightning' or as
Loucetios
Ancient Italic language
Difficulties remain. It may represent a third branch of Sabellic, along with Oscan and Umbrian (and their dialects), or the whole Sabellic linguistic area
South_Picene_language
Comune in Basilicata, Italy
Oppido Lucano (Oppidano: Òppete; Latin: Oppidum; Oscan: Opinum) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata
Oppido_Lucano
extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Mountain in Italy
famous Battle of the Caudine Forks. The name seems to come from the Oscan language. The mountain was mentioned by Virgil in the Aeneid and in the Georgics
Taburno_Camposauro
(ed.). The Indo-European Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 486–518. ISBN 978-03-6786-902-1. Schrijver, Peter (2016). "Oscan love of Rome". Glotta. 92
List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe
List_of_extinct_languages_and_dialects_of_Europe
Topics referred to by the same term
government agency, precursor to Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission Oscan language This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Osca
Osca
Extinct ancient language of Lemnos, modern Greece
Praisos in Crete, which he takes to be written in an Indo-European language of the Oscan-Umbrian branch of Italic, and from which he infers an Italian homeland
Lemnian_language
Italic tribe in the Valle Peligna
Romans came into conflict in the Second Samnite War, 325 BC. Like other Oscan-Umbrian populations, they were governed by supreme magistrates known as
Paeligni
Archaeological site in Larino, Italy
the name "Oscan" was given to the language of the Samnites precisely because the language of the invaders was very similar to that of the Oscans whose lands
Larinum
Ancient Italian language
Osco-Umbrian language formerly spoken by the Marrucini. A few inscriptions in the Marrucinian language survive. They indicate that the language was a member
Marrucinian_language
written use of Latin had replaced Oscan—like Latin, an Italic language—and Etruscan by the end of the 1st century AD. Oscan graffiti are preserved by the
Languages_of_the_Roman_Empire
Extinct Celtic language of Iberia
*dh₃-tōd; louzu 'free' (in: LOUZOKUM, MLH IV, K.1.1.) < *h₁leudʰy-ō; cf. Oscan loufir 'free man', Russian ljúdi 'men, people'. That this is one of only
Celtiberian_language
related to the Sabines and the Samnites, who gave their name to the Oscan language. This is supported by the fact that some of the Oscii known from inscriptions
Oscia_gens
Alphabet used by the Etruscans of central and northern Italy
present in Lydian, Neo-Etruscan and Italic alphabets of Osco-Umbrian languages such as Oscan, Umbrian, Old Sabine and South Picene (Old Volscian). This sign
Etruscan_alphabet
Archaeological museum in Capaccio Paestum, Italy
metopes of the Heraion del Sele The Tomb of the Diver The stelae in Oscan language The chamber tomb of Spinazzo A wider research line is aimed at deepening
National Archaeological Museum of Paestum
National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Paestum
Sixth letter of the Latin alphabet
derives: 𐌅 : Old Italic V/F (originally used for V, in languages such as Etruscan and Oscan), which derives from Greek Digamma, and is the ancestor of
F
Confederates of Roman Republic
Greek and Etruscan city-states in the period 450–400 BC. Speaking the Oscan language, they developed a distinctive culture and identity. Although partly
Socii
Body of literary work by Roman poet Catullus from 62 to 54 BC
an eloquent salaputium!" The meaning of this word, perhaps from the Oscan language, is disputed; it is usually translated "little man" (since Calvus was
Poetry_of_Catullus
Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
exists in some Gallo-Italic languages as well: Lombard (Western and Alpine [lmo; it]) and Ligurian. In Umbrian but not Oscan, rhotacism of intervocalic
Rhotacism
neighbouring Romance languages, and also from Basque, which is a language isolate and thus completely unrelated to Spanish in origin. Umbrian and Oscan influences
Influences on the Spanish language
Influences_on_the_Spanish_language
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OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
OSCAN LANGUAGE
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