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Widely used enzyme extracted from papayas
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea
Papain
Protein family of cysteine protease enzymes
Papain-like proteases (or papain-like (cysteine) peptidases; abbreviated PLP or PLCP) are a large family of cysteine protease enzymes that share structural
Papain-like_protease
Species of tropical fruit plant
also contain the cyanogenic substance prunasin. The green fruit contains papain, a cysteine protease enzyme used to tenderize meat (see below). Native to
Papaya
Papain-like protease protein domain
The nidoviral papain-like protease (PLPro or PLP) is a papain-like protease protein domain encoded in the genomes of nidoviruses. It is expressed as part
Nidoviral papain-like protease
Nidoviral_papain-like_protease
Class of enzymes
mango, banana, figs, and papaya. It is part of the peptidase C1 family of papain-like proteases. Actinidain is an allergen in kiwifruit. Actinidain is commercially
Actinidain
Cysteine protease enzyme
ginger protease I (GP-I) and ginger protease II (GP-II). As a member of the papain-like protease family of cysteine proteases, zingibain shares several structural
Zingibain
Chinese meat moisture preservation technique
often preceded by or combined with a tenderizing step using baking soda or papain. Serious Eats, Chinese Velveting 101: An Introduction to Water-Velveting
Velveting
Class of enzymes
1873, the first cysteine protease to be isolated and characterized was papain, obtained from Carica papaya. Cysteine proteases are commonly encountered
Cysteine_protease
Set of three coordinated amino acids
family. Simultaneously, the structures of the evolutionarily unrelated papain and subtilisin proteases were found to contain analogous triads. The 'charge-relay'
Catalytic_triad
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
break down protein, starch, and fat stains, enhancing cleaning performance. Papain and other proteolytic enzymes are used in meat tenderizers to hydrolyze
Enzyme
Tail region of an antibody
An antibody digested by papain yields three fragments, two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment
Fragment crystallizable region
Fragment_crystallizable_region
Family of flowering plants
herbs. Some species, such as the papaya, bear edible fruit and produce papain. Based on molecular analyses, this family has been proposed to have originated
Caricaceae
Medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue
Clostridium histolyticum; or from plants, examples include collagenase, varidase, papain, and bromelain. Some of these enzymatic debriders are selective, while some
Debridement
Antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) from the body
Anthelmintic effect of papain on Heligmosomoides bakeri
Anthelmintic
Antivenom drug
monospecific antivenin is purified from sheep serum, digested with the enzyme papain, and purified further, resulting in specific Fab fragments. The resulting
Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab
Crotalidae_polyvalent_immune_Fab
Soy-based food used as a protein source
that have been shown to produce tofu are papain, and alkaline and neutral proteases from microorganisms. Papain, moreover, has been studied as a gelling
Tofu
Enzyme
papaya (Carica papaya). It is a cysteine protease which belongs to the papain-like protease (PLCP) group. Because of its proteolytic activity, it is the
Chymopapain
Class of enzymes derived from pineapples
exposure to the digestive enzyme trypsin have little effect on it. Along with papain, bromelain is one of the most popular proteases to use for meat tenderizing
Bromelain
Type of enzyme
proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, similar to those of papain and chymopapain This enzyme is isolated from the papaya plant, Carica papaya
Caricain
Chemical compound
1978. It has since been shown to inhibit many cysteine peptidases such as papain, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, calpain and staphopain. The low toxic effects
E-64
Phylum of worms with a flexible cuticle
Anthelmintic effect of papain on Heligmosomoides bakeri
Nematode
Australian actor (born 1989)
tragic love story with wide appeal". Herald Sun. Retrieved 14 February 2016. Papain, Jessie (28 September 2015). "Peacocke at home in Wanted role". The West
Ryan_Corr
Class of enzymes
endopeptidases are a group of enzymes that also include the more distantly related papain derived from papaya latex, bromelase (bromelain) extracted from pineapple
Ficain
Meat from cattle
disrupt the proteins. Also, solutions of exogenous proteolytic enzymes (papain, bromelin or ficin) can be applied or injected to augment the endogenous
Beef
Enzyme
peptides. Fab fragments are generated by cleavage of IgG with papain instead of pepsin. Papain cleaves IgG above the hinge region containing the disulfide
Pepsin
Independent evolution of similar features
organisation of acid-base-nucleophile in different protease superfamilies. Shown are the triads of subtilisin, prolyl oligopeptidase, TEV protease, and papain.
Convergent_evolution
Medication used to treat bites by venomous snakes
antibody products use the entire IgG molecule. When IgG is digested using papain, the result is two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment. The Fab part is isolated
Snake_antivenom
Chemical compound
that acts as a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the protease enzyme papain-like protease (PLpro) found in some human pathogenic viruses, including
GRL-0617
Species of plant
strong and fruity, due to the complex volatile compounds in the flesh. The papain enzyme present in the milky latex of immature fruits and leaves is often
Mountain_papaya
Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I)
12 December 2008. Polgár L (August 1979). "Deuterium isotope effects on papain acylation. Evidence for lack of general base catalysis and for enzyme–leaving-group
Iodine
despite the protein-specific sequence differences.[citation needed] 1968 – Papain 1969 – Carboxypeptidase A is a zinc metalloprotease. Its crystal structure
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures
List_of_biophysically_important_macromolecular_crystal_structures
Class of enzymes capable of forming isopeptide bonds in certain regions of proteins
surrounding the central catalytic domain. The core domain belongs to the papain-like protease superfamily (CA clan) and uses a Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad
Transglutaminase
Topics referred to by the same term
Pipe (PLPs), specified in the DVB-T2 and ATSC 3.0 broadcasting standards Papain-like protease, a family of cysteine protease enzymes Phantom limb pain,
PLP
Medical intervention
period. Alternative treatments are the use of cellulase, acetylcysteine, papain, pancreatic enzymes, saline solution, 0.1 N HCl and sodium bicarbonate.
Carbonated soda treatment of phytobezoars
Carbonated_soda_treatment_of_phytobezoars
Antiviral drug
treatment for COVID-19. It is believed to work by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), a crucial enzyme for viral replication. The SARS-CoV-2
Jun12682
Chemical compound
5 nM), plasmin (Ki= 3.4 nM), porcine kallikrein), and cysteine proteinases (papain, cathepsin B (Ki = 4.1 nM), endoproteinase Lys-C). It does not inhibit α-chymotrypsin
Leupeptin
Australian actress (born 1996)
Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021. Papain, Jesse (17 November 2014). "Eaton's glittering future". thewestaustrailian
Courtney_Eaton
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity. The protein is a member of the papain-like protease family (MEROPS family C1), a lysosomal cysteine protease with
Cathepsin_L2
Protein isolated from soybean
trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinins, and cysteine proteases similar to papain. The soy cotyledon storage proteins, important for human nutrition, can
Soy_protein
Indian multinational conglomerate
for the production of papain from papaya latex. Jain developed purified papain and became the number-one supplier of refined papain. 1980 – Manufacturing
Jain_Irrigation_Systems
filaments.HMM contains two domains S-1 and S-2, which can be cleaved apart by papain. S-1 contains the globular head that can bind to actin, while the S-2 domain
Heavy_meromyosin
Substances applied to the body to change appearance or fragrance
malic acid, mandelic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, papain, and bromelain. They may be found in cleansers, scrubs, and peels, but also
Cosmetics
Injury from a stingray's barbed tail
anesthetic may bring almost instant relief for several hours. Vinegar and papain are ineffective.[citation needed] Weever Scorpion fish Stone fish Snake
Stingray_injury
Because it inhibits the action of papain, an enzyme found in papayas, its name is actually an abbreviation of anti-papain. Constipatic Acid Some Australian
List of chemical compounds with unusual names
List_of_chemical_compounds_with_unusual_names
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins L, H and B. The protein is thought to play a role in protecting
Cystatin_B
Taiwanese milk beverage
distinctive aroma, may not appeal to everyone. Additionally, the enzyme papain found in papayas can break down the protein in milk, causing the drink to
Papaya_milk
Part of an antibody that binds to antigens
setting, Fc and Fab fragments can be generated in the laboratory. The enzyme papain can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and
Fragment antigen-binding region
Fragment_antigen-binding_region
Musical by Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman
Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2015. Papain, Jessie. "Wicked ends on a high note". Yahoo!7. Archived from the original
Wicked_(musical)
Australian actor (born 1981)
role in new Emilia Clarke film". Digital Spy. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Papain, Jessie (28 September 2015). "Peacocke at home in Wanted role". The West
Steve_Peacocke
Hybrid species of tree
Vasconcellea pentagona. The fruit is not especially acidic, but contains papain, a proteolytic enzyme, which may cause mild irritation or "burns". Like
Babaco
Chemical numbering scheme
especially proteolytic enzymes with very low specificity, such as pepsin and papain, are still used, as rational classification on the basis of specificity
Enzyme_Commission_number
Open reading frame
and nsp12-16. Proteolytic processing is performed by two proteases: the papain-like protease protein domain located in the multidomain protein nsp3 cleaves
ORF1ab
Blood antigen set classification systems
Yes Yes M,N Yes Yes Yes Enhanced by ficain and papain Yes Yes Yes Yes P1 Yes Destroyed by ficain and papain Fya, Fyb Yes Yes Displaying dosage Cc, Ee Yes
Human_blood_group_systems
Codes for food additives
Amylase stabiliser, flavour enhancer E1101 Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) stabiliser, flavour enhancer E1102 Glucose oxidase
E_number
Class of enzymes
post-transcriptionally co-regulated. Cruzipain is part of clan CA, a group of papain-like protease enzymes. Clan CA is the most studied class of cysteine proteinases
Cruzipain
Chemical compound
PMC 2237930. PMID 19873158. Polgar, L (1979). "Deuterium isotope effects on papain acylation. Evidence for lack of general base catalysis and for enzyme-leaving
Iodoacetamide
Family of proteases
"catheptic enzymes" to refer to a broad family of proteases that included papain, bromelin, and cathepsin itself. Initial efforts to purify and characterize
Cathepsin
Study of biochemical reaction rates catalysed by an enzyme
concentration of hydrolytic enzyme solutions: alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, elastase, subtilisin, and acetylcholinesterase". Journal of the American
Enzyme_kinetics
Australian actress (born 1985)
Good Fight (TV series) 2022: Emancipation 2022: Trees of Peace 2022: KAPŌ Papain, Jessie (29 September 2018). "Heath Ledger Scholarship winner Charmaine
Charmaine_Bingwa
Pharmaceutical drug
anaphylactic shock, and anyone allergic to sheep protein, papain, bromelain, or papaya extracts (papain is used to cleave the antibody into Fab and Fc fragments)
Digoxin_immune_fab
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
bonds of a protein (endopeptidases, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, papain, elastase). Catalysis is achieved by one of two mechanisms: Aspartic, glutamic
Protease
Dessert made with gelatin
kiwifruit contains actinidin, figs contain ficain, and papaya contains papain. Cooking or canning denatures and deactivates the proteases, so canned pineapple
Gelatine_dessert
Family of viruses
does not bud out of the cell. Both open reading frames of CHV1 contain a papain-like protease to the N-terminal that is autocatalyticly cleaved. OrfA (p69
Hypovirus
Musical
Nigro, Sylvestre Guené Lighting: Jacques Rouveyrollis Projections: Gilles Papain Sound: Stéphane Plisson and Alex Maggi Make up: Déborah Moreno and Maite
Dracula – L'amour plus fort que la mort
Dracula_–_L'amour_plus_fort_que_la_mort
Treatment for dental caries
PMID 29682851. S2CID 5077509. Bussadori SK, Castro LC, Galvão AC (January 2006). "Papain gel: a new chemo-mechanical caries removal agent". The Journal of Clinical
Atraumatic restorative treatment
Atraumatic_restorative_treatment
This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Similar to that of papain This enzyme is isolated from the latex of milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. Brockbank
Asclepain
Chemical compound
of chymotrypsin. Also inhibits some cysteine proteases such as caspase, papain, bromelain or ficin. It does not inhibit trypsin or zymogens. TPCK is observed
Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosyl_phenylalanyl_chloromethyl_ketone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cathepsin Z, and cathepsin W. These cysteine proteinases belong to the papain family and represent a major component of the lysosomal proteolytic system
Cathepsin_Z
Chemical compound
are dependent on thiol reactivity, including cysteine proteases such as papain and acetylcholinesterase. Because of this reactivity with thiols, PCMB is
4-Chloromercuribenzoic_acid
Indian multinational biopharmaceutical company
initially produced enzymes for the brewing market such as the papaya enzyme papain and the fish collagen extract Iisinglass, a clarifying agent used for some
Biocon
Biological technique to evolve proteins using bacteriophages
Kreft S, Turk B, Strukelj B, Urleb U (July 2005). "Affinity selection to papain yields potent peptide inhibitors of cathepsins L, B, H, and K". Biochem
Phage_display
Pasted mask for facial cosmetic treatment
"Starch- and carboxymethyl cellulose-based films as active beauty masks with papain incorporation". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 231
Facial_mask
recent research has been exploring new ways of administering papain for wound debridement. Papain as well as other proteases, including bromelain, collagenase
Proteases (medical and related uses)
Proteases_(medical_and_related_uses)
similarities to the virus-induced phenotype. For the COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), cardiac myosins were the strongest predicted hit
SSHHPS
Dress worn by Australian model
Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2007. Papain, Jessie (19 September 2014). "Judd pays tribute to Tarvydas". The West Australian
Red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley
Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley
Type of animal allergy caused by felines
antibodies. Chinese cat food manufacturers claim that adding papaya protease (papain) to cat food reduces the amount of these allergens in cat saliva, but they
Allergy_to_cats
American virologist
these topics. Murine coronavirus ubiquitin-like domain is important for papain-like protease stability and viral pathogenesis In this study, the function
Susan_Baker_(virologist)
Attribute of meat for cooking
added to food before cooking. Examples of enzymes used for tenderizing: papain from papaya, trypsin and chymotrypsin from honey, bromelain from pineapple
Meat_tenderness
English television presenter (born 1989)
Retrieved 15 June 2026. "Mewatch". Mewatch.sg. Retrieved 15 June 2026. Papain, Jessie (14 April 2015). "Perth model taking Singapore by storm". The West
Edward Russell (television presenter)
Edward_Russell_(television_presenter)
Academic journal
Segments: Lessons from the Brazilian Novo Mercado' (2011) 3 CityU LR 141 Tom Papain, 'The Convention on the Rights of the Child: How North Korea Is Violating
City University of Hong Kong Law Review
City_University_of_Hong_Kong_Law_Review
Viral respiratory infection
"Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus". Antiviral
MERS
Examples of separate lineages of organisms developing similar characteristics
organisation of acid-base-nucleophile in different protease superfamilies. Shown are the triads of subtilisin, prolyl oligopeptidase, TEV protease, and papain.
List of examples of convergent evolution
List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution
Dependence of a gene mutation's phenotype on mutations in other genes
Beveridge AJ (July 1996). "A theoretical study of the active sites of papain and S195C rat trypsin: implications for the low reactivity of mutant serine
Epistasis
Chemical compound
inhibitor of cysteine proteases, including cathepsins B, L, and S, cruzain, and papain. It also selectively inhibits effector caspases 2, 3, 6, and 7 but not caspases
Z-FA-FMK
Norms for writing the English language
ɪ/ aisle, bonsai, daimon, krait said, again, against dais, laic, mosaic, papain /æ/ plaid, plaited, daiquiri /aɪˈiː/ naif, caique /i.ɪ/ archaism (RP) unstressed
English_orthography
Chemical compound
and used in biochemical research as a protease inhibitor of trypsin and papain. It was discovered in 1972 and was the first natural peptide found that
Antipain
Medical treatment for venomous bites and stings
ammonium sulphate or caprylic acid, enzymatic reduction of antibodies with papain or with pepsin, affinity purification, and a variety of other measures.
Antivenom
Vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver
disorder which can lead to an increased risk of thrombosis. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) was shown to cleave a sequence (LRGG*KIEVQL) in PROS1
Protein_S
Process that prevents blood clots from growing
Anistreplase Bromelain Desmoteplase DNase Honokiol Lumbrokinase Nattokinase Papain Serrapeptase Staphylokinase Streptokinase Mckenzie, Samuel (2019-03-27)
Fibrinolysis
Puerto Rican politician
Badillo became "of counsel" to the New York City law firm of Sullivan Papain Block McGrath & Cannavo P.C. In 2006 he joined the conservative Manhattan
Herman_Badillo
Chemical compound
H.O., Hideg, K. (1982). A novel reversible thiol-specific spin label: papain active site labeling and inhibition. Analytical Biochemistry 119, 450-455
MTSL
Digestive enzyme
PMID 3555886. Berger A, Schechter I (February 1970). "Mapping the active site of papain with the aid of peptide substrates and inhibitors". Philos. Trans. R. Soc
Chymotrypsin
Group of endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitors
enzymes (another term for proteases) belonging to peptidase families C1 (papain family) and C13 (legumain family). They are known to mis-fold to form amyloid
Cystatin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins
Cystatin_A
Australian stand-up comedian (born 1990)
A-list into Macca's opening in Melville". WAtoday. Retrieved 13 July 2018. Papain, Jessie (5 September 2014). "Mum's OK with being the joke". Yahoo! News
Joel_Creasey
Medical condition
lithotripsy, snares, or Nd:YAG laser therapy may be used to fragment the mass. Papain (meat tenderizer) and cellulase enzymes have been used to help reduce the
Phytobezoar
X is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine peptidase of family C1 (papain family). Cathepsin Z Nägler DK, Zhang R, Tam W, Sulea T, Purisima EO, Ménard
Cathepsin_X
for enzymatic activity in all variants. The toxin contains a canonical papain-like domain, and mSpeB2 has an additional human integrin binding domain
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
Streptococcal_pyrogenic_exotoxin
Protein-coding gene in humans
equilibrium methods of the interactions of cystatin A Gly-4 mutants with papain, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L". Biochemistry. 37 (20): 7551–60. doi:10.1021/bi980026r
Cathepsin_L1
Enzyme
1016/S0021-9258(18)72210-2. Jaffé WG (1943). "A new vegetable proteolytic enzyme of the papain class". Rev. Brasil Biol. 3: 149–157. Kaneda M, Tominaga N (December 1975)
Cucumisin
travel, tourism, insurance
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
PAPAIN
travel, tourism, insurance