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Astronomical theory
Partial impact theory is an astronomical theory describing the partial collision of two stars and the temporary creation of a bright third star as a consequence
Partial_impact_theory
British scientist (1842–1929)
community in Christchurch, which he later set up as a theme park. His partial impact theory explaining the appearance of temporary stars was the major work
Alexander_William_Bickerton
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
leading theory of the formation of the Solar System. However, several questions remain concerning the best current models of the giant-impact hypothesis
Giant-impact_hypothesis
New Zealand astronomer, explorer, and teacher
he became a supporter of Bickerton's Partial impact theory and enthusiastically explored and polished the theory. He was an apt mathematician, and one
Charles_Gifford_(astronomer)
was one of his distinguished pupils. Bickerton was known for his "partial impact" theory of novae, which he extended to variable stars and other phenomena
Meanings of minor-planet names: 4001–5000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_4001–5000
Branch of mathematics
incomparable elements are called partial orders; orders for which every pair of elements is comparable are total orders. Order theory captures the intuition of
Order_theory
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
Maxwell's equations are a set of coupled partial differential equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated by electric charges
Maxwell's_equations
Norwegian international mathematics prize
to win the Abel Prize, with the award committee citing "the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics. The Bernt Michael
Abel_Prize
1865 physics paper by James Maxwell
"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865. Physicist Freeman Dyson called
A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field
Mathematics award
University – "For work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, and geometric measure theory, including the local smoothing conjecture, Furstenberg
Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics
Breakthrough_Prize_in_Mathematics
One of six awards by the Wolf Foundation
theory and the theory of partial differential equations; Jacques Tits Belgium France for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to the theory
Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics
Event wherein the Sun is obscured by the Moon
a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon. In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured. Unlike a lunar
Solar_eclipse
Theories on 2001 terror attacks in U.S.
investigated and rejected these theories. The 9/11 Commission and most of the civil engineering community accept that the impacts of jet aircraft at high speeds
9/11_conspiracy_theories
Optimization algorithm for artificial neural networks
the impact on E {\displaystyle E} of an increase or decrease in w i j {\displaystyle w_{ij}} . If ∂ E ∂ w i j > 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial E}{\partial
Backpropagation
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
resources, and game theory can help managers understand how their decisions impact their competitors and the overall market outcomes. Game theory can also be
Game_theory
Attraction of masses and energy
Guicciardini, Niccolò (26 June 2020). "On the invisibility and impact of Robert Hooke's theory of gravitation". Open Philosophy. 3 (1): 266–282. doi:10
Gravity
Statistical analysis of written publications
complex impact on bibliometrics. The web itself and some of its key components (such as search engines) were partly a product of bibliometrics theory. In
Bibliometrics
23 mathematical problems stated in 1900
20 and 22 are unresolved or widely agreed as unresolved despite some partial results. Problems 4 and 23 are considered as too vague to ever be described
Hilbert's_problems
Theory in economics used to describe reasons for wage differences
Tournament theory is the theory in personnel economics used to describe certain situations where wage differences are based not on marginal productivity
Tournament_theory
Field of economics and game theory
_{k=1}^{n}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \theta }}\left({\frac {\partial u/\partial x_{k}}{\left|\partial u/\partial t\right|}}\right){\frac {\partial x}{\partial \theta
Mechanism_design
Collision of two astronomical objects
needed] Impacts may have helped deliver the building blocks for life (the panspermia theory relies on this premise).[citation needed] Impacts have been
Impact_event
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics and an interdisciplinary area of scientific study. It focuses on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of
Chaos_theory
Physical model of propagating energy
{\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}-{\frac
Electromagnetic_radiation
Field-equations in general relativity
In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution
Einstein_field_equations
{\displaystyle -{\partial T^{\mu \nu } \over \partial x^{\nu }}=T{1 \over \psi }{\partial \psi \over \partial x_{\mu }}\,} This theory is Lorentz invariant
History of gravitational theory
History_of_gravitational_theory
Theory of behavioral economics
theory is a theory of behavioral economics, judgment and decision making that was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. The theory was
Prospect_theory
Criminological theory
In criminology, the broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, antisocial behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages
Broken_windows_theory
Belgian mathematician (1954–2018)
analytic number theory, combinatorics, ergodic theory, partial differential equations and spectral theory, and later also group theory. He proved the uniqueness
Jean_Bourgain
Branch of applied probability theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability
Decision_theory
and visualization of concepts in music theory Tanya Christiansen, American expert on scattering theory and partial differential equations Graciela Chichilnisky
List_of_women_in_mathematics
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
alternative theories. The starting point is the continuity equation − ∂ ρ ∂ t = ∇ ⋅ ( ρ v ψ ) {\displaystyle -{\frac {\partial \rho }{\partial t}}=\nabla
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Thermodynamic quantity
{\left({\frac {\partial V}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}^{2}}{\left({\frac {\partial V}{\partial P}}\right)_{T}}}=-T{\frac {\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial
Heat_capacity_ratio
Argentine mathematician
integral operators to partial differential equations, from interpolation theory to Cauchy integrals on Lipschitz curves, from ergodic theory to inverse problems
Alberto_Calderón
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
Logically speaking, his theory implied information as a subjective phenomenon. But this had so wide-ranging epistemological impacts that Shannon didn't seem
Information
Mathematics award
variational principles Foundations of probability and analytic geometry Number theory. The spirit of the prize is focused on rewarding the results of research
Fermat_Prize
Psychological theory on internal motivation
Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. Specifically
Cognitive_evaluation_theory
Mathematical model of financial markets
market containing derivative investment instruments. From the parabolic partial differential equation in the model, known as the Black–Scholes equation
Black–Scholes_model
Academic theory on epistemic perspectives
wave of standpoint theory underscored how gendered identities influence individuals' epistemic resources and capacities, impacting their access to knowledge
Standpoint_theory
Model for music education
learning theory. The theory is an explanation of music learning, based on audiation (see below) and students' individual musical differences. The theory takes
Gordon_music_learning_theory
Fundamental principle in microeconomics
{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial x_{i}}{\partial p_{i}}}={\frac {\partial h_{i}}{\partial p_{i}}}-{\frac {\partial x_{i}}{\partial m}}x_{i}} The first term
Law_of_demand
Academic discipline concerned with the exchange of money
§ Quantifying uncertainty. Relatedly, Real Options theory allows for owner – i.e. managerial – actions that impact underlying value: by incorporating option pricing
Financial_economics
Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid
}\varphi (q)\,dq-{\frac {\partial \rho }{\partial x}}\,\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }q\,\varphi (q)\,dq+{\frac {\partial ^{2}\rho }{\partial x^{2}}}\,\int _{-\infty
Brownian_motion
Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist (1844–1906)
{\frac {\partial f}{\partial t}}+v{\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}+{\frac {F}{m}}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial v}}={\frac {\partial f}{\partial t}}\left
Ludwig_Boltzmann
kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as meteorology, information theory, and biology (physiology), and to technological developments such as the
History_of_thermodynamics
Interdisciplinary field of research
negative ties such as animosity among persons? To tackle this problem, graph theory, which is the mathematical study of abstract representations of networks
Mathematical_sociology
Optimality condition in optimal control theory
The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that provides necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality
Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman_equation
Award in applied mathematics
his outstanding work in partial differential equations, in numerical analysis, and, particularly, in nonlinear elasticity theory; the latter work has led
Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz_Prize
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
philosophy for explaining theory of mind are theory-theory and simulation theory. Theory-theory claims that individuals use "theories" grounded in folk psychology
Theory_of_mind
Space that is empty of matter
vacuum Suction – creation of a partial vacuum Theta vacuum – vacuum state of semi-classical pure-Yang Mills theories Vactrain Vacuum cementing – natural
Vacuum
Collection of random variables
In probability theory and related fields a stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/) or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a family of random variables
Stochastic_process
Archaic conception of Earth's shape
cosmography. The model has undergone a recent resurgence as a conspiracy theory in the 21st century. The idea of a spherical Earth appeared in ancient Greek
Flat_Earth
Generalized function whose value is zero everywhere except at zero
{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}}={\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}.} In probability theory, ηε(x) is a normal distribution
Dirac_delta_function
Awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society
Hörmander, Lars (2003) [1963]. The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators I: Distribution Theory and Fourier Analysis. Classics in Mathematics (2nd ed
Leroy_P._Steele_Prize
2026 Indian film by H. Vinoth
alongside Nassar, Prakash Raj, Gautham Vasudev Menon, Narain, and Priyamani. A partial remake of the 2023 Telugu film Bhagavanth Kesari, it follows a former Indian
Jana_Nayagan
Chinese-American mathematician (born 1949)
contributions to partial differential equations, to the Calabi conjecture in algebraic geometry, to the positive mass conjecture of general relativity theory, and
Shing-Tung_Yau
Dimensionless number describing relative pressures in a fluid flow field
t + u ∞ ∂ f ∂ x {\displaystyle w={\frac {\partial f}{\partial t}}+u_{\infty }{\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}} In hypersonic flow, the pressure coefficient
Pressure_coefficient
Ordnance Assoc., 21–23. 1956. The Impact of Recent Developments in Science on the Economy and on Economics, Partial text of a talk at the National Planning
List of scientific publications by John von Neumann
List_of_scientific_publications_by_John_von_Neumann
Interpretation of the US Constitution regarding presidential power
The unitary executive theory is a theory of United States constitutional law holding that the president, as head of the federal government's executive
Unitary_executive_theory
Consolidation of the Earth's crust
caused the partial melting of mantle which erupted and deposited within the surface basins. The pyrolite mantle would have produced basaltic partial melts
Earth's_crustal_evolution
Branch of mechanics concerned with solid materials and their behaviors
whether structures can return to a given equilibrium after disturbance or partial/complete failure, see Structural mechanics dynamical systems and chaos
Solid_mechanics
European mathematical society
Mathematical and Theoretical Biology. 28: 9. Syga, Simon (2025). "Thesis Summary: Impacts of Genetic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity on Tumor Evolution". European Communications
European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology
European_Society_for_Mathematical_and_Theoretical_Biology
French psychoanalyst and writer (1901–1981)
significant impact on continental philosophy and cultural theory in areas such as post-structuralism, critical theory, feminist theory and film theory, as well
Jacques_Lacan
Geological boundary between time periods
coincided with a large meteorite impact at the Chicxulub crater and the generally accepted scientific theory is that this impact triggered the extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_boundary
American mathematician (born 1942)
achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis,
Karen_Uhlenbeck
Laws in physics about force and motion
}{\mathrm {d} t}}\left({\frac {\partial L}{\partial {\dot {q}}}}\right)={\frac {\partial L}{\partial q}}.} Evaluating the partial derivatives of the Lagrangian
Newton's_laws_of_motion
Academic journal
such as linear and nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, optimization theory, and control theory. It is published by Hindawi Publishing
Abstract_and_Applied_Analysis
Class of compounds
constraints for releasers will instead act as partial releasers, reuptake inhibitors, or be inactive. Partial releasers show reduced maximal efficacy in
Monoamine_releasing_agent
Proposed evolutionary explanation for senescence
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis (APT) is a theory in evolutionary biology that suggests certain genes may confer beneficial effects early in an
Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
Antagonistic_pleiotropy_hypothesis
established the existence and uniqueness theory for BSDE solutions, applying BSDEs to financial mathematics and control theory. For instance, BSDEs have been widely
Deep backward stochastic differential equation method
Deep_backward_stochastic_differential_equation_method
Interdisciplinary study of systems
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e., cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial
Systems_theory
Psychological model based on Pleasure, Arousal and Dominance
was in a theory of environmental psychology, the core idea being that physical environments influence people through their emotional impact. It was subsequently
PAD_emotional_state_model
Interdisciplinary social study
Mayer N. (May 1977). "Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory". American Journal of Sociology. 82 (6): 1212–1241. doi:10.1086/226464
Social_movement_theory
Behavior of individuals and firms
according to general equilibrium theory, developed by Léon Walras in Elements of Pure Economics (1874) and partial equilibrium theory, introduced by Alfred Marshall
Microeconomics
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
Conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly with the
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
9/11 conspiracy theories
Some conspiracy theories contend that the collapse of the World Trade Center was caused not solely by the airliner crash damage that occurred as part of
World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories
World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories
Net transport of surface water perpendicular to wind direction
Ekman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation
Ekman_transport
Academic journal
related to statistics. It is published by Taylor & Francis in three series, Theory and Methods, Simulation and Computation, and Case Studies, Data Analysis
Communications_in_Statistics
Term in economics
{\frac {\partial U}{\partial m}}={\frac {\partial u}{\partial x_{1}}}{\frac {\partial x_{1}^{*}}{\partial m}}+{\frac {\partial u}{\partial x_{2}}}{\frac
Shadow_price
Study of behavior of groups
systems Partial differential equations Dissipative structures Percolation Cellular automata Spatial ecology Self-replication Geomorphology Systems theory and
Social_dynamics
American political controversy
States, on November 22, 1963, has spawned numerous conspiracy theories. These theories allege the involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories
John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories
Methods used to find numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations
economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical_methods_for_ordinary_differential_equations
Rosen Nominated 1973 Tatum O'Neal Paper Moon Addie Loggins Won Father of partial Jewish ancestry Madeline Kahn Trixie Delight Nominated Sylvia Sidney Summer
List of Jewish Academy Award winners and nominees
List_of_Jewish_Academy_Award_winners_and_nominees
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational
Theoretical_computer_science
Video-focused social media platform
of countries (including India and Afghanistan) have implemented full or partial bans. Many other countries limit TikTok's use on government-issued devices
TikTok
Time-varying quantity or variable
Substitution (trigonometric, tangent half-angle, Euler) Euler's formula Partial fractions (Heaviside's method) Changing order Reduction formulae Differentiating
Fluent_(mathematics)
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
defined as those with three or four Jewish grandparents; many of those with partial Jewish descent were classified as Mischlinge, with varying rights. The
The_Holocaust
Overuse of a shared resource
solution is to have co-shared communities that have partial ownership from governmental side and partial ownership from the community. Ownership here refers
Tragedy_of_the_commons
Country in West Asia
under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has redeployed its troops and
Israel
Group of macroeconomic theories
equilibrium theory. For macroeconomics, relevant partial theories included the Quantity theory of money determining the price level and the classical theory of
Keynesian_economics
Approach to economics
determined by the labor required for production. The partial definition of the neoclassical theory of value states that the value of an object of market
Neoclassical_economics
Understanding of gas properties in terms of molecular motion
their impact on a surface causes the pressure of the gas, and that their average kinetic energy determines the temperature of the gas. The theory was not
Kinetic_theory_of_gases
Explanation for the process of modernization within societies
Modernization theory, or modernisation theory, is a sociological and comparative political science theory positing that processes of structural socioeconomic
Modernization_theory
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
\operatorname {d} x^{\mu }\left({\frac {\partial }{\partial x^{\nu }}}\right)={\frac {\partial x^{\mu }}{\partial x^{\nu }}}=\delta _{\nu }^{\mu }~.} Since
Minkowski_spacetime
Italian mathematician (born 1989)
her fundamental contributions to regularity theory and the analysis of singularities in elliptic partial differential equations, geometric variational
Maria_Colombo_(mathematician)
Methods to prevent destructive asteroid hits
preventing destructive impact events. An impact by a sufficiently large asteroid or other NEOs would cause, depending on its impact location, massive tsunamis
Asteroid_impact_avoidance
Model of a crystalline solid
{1}{T}}={\frac {\partial S}{\partial U}}={\frac {\partial S}{\partial q}}{\frac {dq}{dU}}={\frac {1}{\varepsilon }}{\frac {\partial S}{\partial q}}={\frac {k}{\varepsilon
Einstein_solid
Concept in physics
other theoretical models for SOC have been based upon information theory, mean field theory, the convergence of random variables, and cluster formation. A
Self-organized_criticality
Calendar year
through technological progress, and Peter Howitt and Philippe Aghion, for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction. Literature – László Krasznahorkai
2025
Methodology for assessing environmental impacts
(LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, is methodology for assessing the impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product
Life-cycle_assessment
Description of limiting behavior of a function
implicit functions, integrals, iterated functions, series summation, partial sums, solutions of difference equations. solutions of differential equations
Asymptotic_analysis
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