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2005 book by Tom Holland
Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West is a historical study of the Persian Empire by popular historian Tom Holland, first published
Persian_Fire
British popular historian and writer
favorite chair in front of a warm fire with a hot drink. Persian Fire (2005) is an account of the 5th-century B.C. Graeco-Persian Wars. It was reviewed positively
Tom_Holland_(author)
Iranian ethnic group
article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Persians, or Persian people, are an
Persians
Series of conflicts in the 5th century BC
The Greco-Persian Wars, also called the Persian Wars, were a series of armed conflicts involving various Greek city-states and the Achaemenid Empire from
Greco-Persian_Wars
492–490 BC phase of the Greco-Persian Wars
The first Persian invasion of Greece took place from 492 BC to 490 BC, as part of the Greco-Persian Wars. It ended with a decisive Athenian-led victory
First Persian invasion of Greece
First_Persian_invasion_of_Greece
Fictional character
purpose of the long pistol the Persian has given him, as he is only instructed to keep his hand as if he were ready to fire - and that it does not even matter
The_Persian
Part of the second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC)
the Persians in a two-phase offensive, amidst which the Persian king Xerxes the Great had issued an order calling for it to be torched. The Persian army
Achaemenid destruction of Athens
Achaemenid_destruction_of_Athens
Zoroastrian fire temple in Yazd, Iran
The Fire Temple of Yazd (Persian: آتشکدهٔ یزد, romanized: Ātaškade-ye Yazd), also known as Yazd Atash Behram (Persian: آتش بهرام یزد, romanized: Ātaš-e
Fire_Temple_of_Yazd
Novel by Mary Renault
his army ever eastward. The novel is a sequel to Renault's Fire from Heaven (1969). The Persian Boy was a bestseller within the gay community. Like much
The_Persian_Boy
Classical Greek tragedy by Aeschylus
The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, romanized: Pérsai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient
The_Persians
480–479 BC phase of the Greco-Persian Wars
The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece
Second Persian invasion of Greece
Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece
Fire Temple in Azerbaijan
The Ateshgah of Baku (Persian: آتشگاه, romanized: Atashgah, Azerbaijani: Atəşgah), often called the "Fire Temple of Baku", is a syncretic temple in Surakhany
Ateshgah_of_Baku
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
The Achaemenid Empire (/əˈkiː.mə.nɪd/, ə-KEE-mə-nid; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom') was an ancient Iranian empire founded
Achaemenid_Empire
Last war between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires
Persians, however, had neglected to cover the bridge, and Heraclius charged across with the rearguard, unafraid of the arrows that the Persians fired
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Byzantine–Sasanian_War_of_602–628
Zoroastrian place of worship
A fire temple (Persian: آتشکده, romanized: ātashkade; Gujarati: અગિયારી, romanized: agiyārī) is a place of worship for Zoroastrians. In Zoroastrian doctrine
Fire_temple
1978 Islamic terror attack in Abadan, Iran
The Cinema Rex fire (Persian: آتشسوزی سینما رکس آبادان, lit. 'Rex Abadan cinema fire') occurred on 19 August 1978 when the Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran
Cinema_Rex_fire
mythology, or Persian mythology in western term (Persian: اسطورهشناسی ایرانی), is the body of the myths originally told by ancient Persians and other Iranian
Persian_mythology
Historic site in Rey, Iran
Tappe Mil (Persian: تپه میل), also known as the Fire Temple of Rey (Persian: آتشکده ری) or the Fire Temple of Bahram (Persian: آتشکده بهرام), is a Sasanian
Tappe_Mil
offices]. ایمنا (in Persian). 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-05-26. "نخستین آزمایشگاه علتیابی حریق در غرب آسیا در اصفهان افتتاح شد" [The first fire diagnosis laboratory
Isfahan Fire and Safety Department
Isfahan_Fire_and_Safety_Department
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
products from Iraq and Kuwait. A coalition began a military buildup in the Persian Gulf region. The broadest military alliance since World War II, its largest
Gulf_War
2014 American film by Noam Murro
quotes the Persian Fire author and historian Tom Holland, who translated Herodotus's Histories, and who is an expert on the Greco-Persian wars, as comparing
300:_Rise_of_an_Empire
Ancient fortified passage in central Greece
all 2.6 million. See a modern interpretation of Herodotus's estimate, Persian Fire. The First Great Empire and the Battle of the West. New York. Doubleday
Thermopylae
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
80. ISBN 0-87220-603-3. Holland, T. Persian Fire, Abacus, pp. 363–370 ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1 Holland T. Persian Fire, p. 94 ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1 Powell
Ancient_Greece
480 BC naval battle of the Greco-Persian Wars
ISBN 9781541618299. "Darius I, DNa inscription, Line 28". Holland, Tom (2005). Persian Fire. Abacus. pp. 47–55. ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1. Holland, p. 203. Herodotus
Battle_of_Salamis
Twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, as defined by Western astrology
their roots in Middle Persian and found their way into Latin through Arabic translations, including: Hyleg: A word with Persian roots that was widely
Astrological_sign
480 BC engagement of the Greco-Persian Wars
(/θərˈmɒpɪliː/) was fought in 480 BC at Thermopylae between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta
Battle_of_Thermopylae
Zoroastrian concept of holy fire
"fire" and Ukrainian vatra "bonfire". In later Zoroastrianism, ātar (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 ādar or ādur) is iconographically conflated with fire itself
Atar
490 BC battle in the Greco-Persian Wars
490 BC during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis
Battle_of_Marathon
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
symbols. The Sasanian Empire (/sə.ˈsɑː.ni.ən/), officially Eranshahr (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩, romanized: Ērānšahr, lit. 'Empire of the Iranians')
Sasanian_Empire
Historical fashion in Persia
Traditional Persian clothing is the historical costume of the Persian people, and of ancient Persia (Iran) before the 1930s Pahlavi dynasty. Historically
Persian_clothing
Southwestern Iranian language
article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Middle Persian, also known by its
Middle_Persian
Byzantine incendiary weapon
Greek fire was an incendiary weapon used by the Byzantine Empire from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded
Greek_fire
p. 186 Holland, Tom (2005). Persian Fire. Abacus. pp. 178–9. ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1. Holland, Tom (2005). Persian Fire. Abacus. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1
Ancient_Greek_warfare
Major Zoroastrian sacred fire
succeeded in saving the fire, which they later restored to the temple, which was quickly rebuilt. The apocalyptical Middle Persian text Zand-i Wahman yasn
Adur_Gushnasp
Building in Tehran, Iran
The Plasco Building (Persian: ساختمان پلاسکو, romanized: Sâxtmân-e Plâskô) is a 20-story high-rise (5 floors below and 15 floors above ground) landmark
Plasco_Building
Persian architecture Persian art Persian Bayán Persian calendar Persian Canadians Persian carpet Persian Christians Persian column Persian Corridor Persian
List_of_Persia-related_topics
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
as fire temples. The name Zoroaster (Ζωροάστηρ) is a Greek rendering of the Avestan name Zarathustra. He is known as Zartosht and Zardosht in Persian and
Zoroastrianism
The culture of Iran (Persian: فرهنگ ایران) or culture of Persia is one of the oldest and among the most influential in the world. Iran (Persia) is widely
Culture_of_Iran
1856–1857 war between the UK and Iran
The Anglo-Persian War, also known as the Anglo-Iranian War (Persian: جنگ ایران و انگلستان, romanized: Jang-e Irân o Engelestan), was a war fought between
Anglo-Persian_War
Persian ruler from 522 to 486 BCE
Darius I (Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavaʰuš; c. 550 – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid
Darius_the_Great
5th-century Persian general and satrap
Mysians in the Second Persian invasion of Greece. Artaphernes Greco-Persian Wars Battle of Marathon Darius I of Persia Persian Fire. Holland, T. ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1
Artaphernes (nephew of Darius I)
Artaphernes_(nephew_of_Darius_I)
Persian Trilogy is a set of three orchestral works composed by Iranian classical musician, Behzad Ranjbaran. All three works were inspired by stories
Persian_Trilogy
Ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire
destroyed by fire. According to one theory, Alexander deliberately set fire to Persepolis to avenge the destruction of Athens by the Persians; a second theory
Persepolis
Army of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
6–7 Sekunda (1998), p. 7. Connolly (2006), p. 11. Holland, Tom (2007). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Anchor. ISBN 978-0-307-27948-4
Spartan_army
Athenian politician and general (c. 524–459 BC)
Western Power. DoubleDay. ISBN 978-0-385-50052-4. Holland, Tom (2005). Persian Fire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1. Lazenby, J. F. (1993). The Defence of
Themistocles
Ancient Iranian tradition
best to maintain Persian traditions. Bonfires were set up on both sides of the Zayandeh River to remember the Sadeh custom. The fires were kept in specially
Sadeh
King of Sparta from c. 489 BC to 480 BC
BC, when he was succeeded by his son, Pleistarchus. At the Second Greco-Persian War, Leonidas led the allied Greek forces in a last stand at the Battle
Leonidas_I
Son of Cyrus the Great (died c. 522 BC)
Smerdis (Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 Bardiya; Ancient Greek: Σμέρδις Smérdis; possibly died 522 BCE), also named as Tanyoxarces (Old Persian: *Tanūvazraka;
Bardiya
1998 historical novel by Steven Pressfield
Gates of Fire is a 1998 historical fiction novel by Steven Pressfield that recounts the Battle of Thermopylae through Xeones, a perioikos (free but non-citizen
Gates_of_Fire
or in Persian literature, fire is known as azar or athash. The guardian angel of fire is known as Atouryast in Pahlavi literature, and in Persian literature
Fire in ancient Iranian culture
Fire_in_ancient_Iranian_culture
The Ottoman–Persian War was a series of military conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty of Iran during the reign of Sultan
Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)
Ottoman–Persian_War_(1505–1517)
Ethnic group of Persian people
Sistani Persians (Persian: فارسهای سیستانی) (also known as the Sistanis, Sajestani, and historically referred to Sagzi) are a branch of Persians who mainly
Sistani_Persians
2025 explosion in Hormozgan province, Iran
On 26 April 2025, an explosion and fire occurred at the Port of Shahid Rajaee in southern Iran, which is part of Bandar Abbas's larger port infrastructure
Port of Shahid Rajaee explosion
Port_of_Shahid_Rajaee_explosion
Stepped structure in the Naqsh-e Rustam compound in Fars, Iran
Kaaba-ye Zartosht (Persian: کعبه زرتشت), also called the Kaaba or Cube of Zarathustra, is a rectangular stepped stone structure in the Naqsh-e Rustam
Ka'ba-ye_Zartosht
Association of ancient Greek city-states under Athenian hegemony
was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. The League
Delian_League
Oil wells burned by the Iraqi military during the Gulf War
the Kuwait oil fires only affected the weather pattern throughout the Persian Gulf and surrounding region during the periods that the fires were burning
Kuwaiti_oil_fires
Fire temple in Iran
The Aspakhu Fire Temple (Persian: آتشکده اسپاخو) is a Sasanian fire temple located in Aspakhu, Iran. It was listed as an Iranian national heritage site
Aspakhu_Fire_Temple
is an alphabetical (according to Hindi's alphabet) list of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes commonly used in Hindi.
List of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian roots in Hindi
List_of_Sanskrit,_Arabic_and_Persian_roots_in_Hindi
2001 film directed by Fereydoun Jeyrani
Water and Fire (Persian: Ab va Atash) is a 2001 film by the Iranian director Fereydoun Jeyrani. The film was scripted by Jeyrani and lensed by Mahmoud
Water_and_Fire
Event of the Ionian Revolt
Herodotus, The Histories (Godley translation, 1920) Holland, Tom (2006). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-51311-9
Siege_of_Sardis_(498_BC)
Military rebellions by Greek cities in Asia Minor against Persian rule (499 BC–493 BC)
(translated by Rex Warner). Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044039-9. Holland, Tom (2006). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-51311-9
Ionian_Revolt
6th-century BCE Persian noblewoman
Holland, Tom Persian Fire Allen, Lindsay (2005), The Persian Empire, London: The British Museum press, p. 42. Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd Persians: The Age of
Phaedymia
A fire temple, Agiary, Atash Kadeh (Persian: آتشکده), Atashgah (آتشگاه) or Dar-e Mehr (در مهر) is the place of worship for the followers of Zoroastrianism
List_of_fire_temples_in_India
Jewish community of Iran
Iranian Jews also known as Persian Jews constitute one of the oldest communities of the Jewish diaspora. Dating back to the biblical era, they originate
Iranian_Jews
Iranian festival
"scarlet", as used in Classical Persian and some modern regional dialects of Iran, referring to the red hue of fire. The names of the festival in other
Chaharshanbe_Suri
Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Rozbih Khwashbudhan or Rozbih Budhakhshan; c. 568 CE– c. 652 or 653 CE) was Persian religious scholar and one of the companions of Muhammad. As a practicing
Salman_the_Persian
Zoroastrian fire temple in Kerman, Iran
The Kerman Fire Temple (Persian: آتشکدهٔ کرمان) is a Zoroastrian fire temple in Kerman, Iran. The structure is also the house to the only anthropology
Fire_Temple_of_Kerman
Fire temple in Amol, Iran
The Fire Temple of Amol (Persian: آتشکده آمل, romanized: Atashkadeh-ye Amol), also known as Shams Tabarsi Amuli, is a fire temple in Amol, Mazandaran province
Fire_Temple_of_Amol
Province of Iran
Kurdistan province (Persian: استان کردستان Ostān-e Kordestān) is one of 31 provinces of Iran. The province is 28,817 km2 (11,126 sq mi) in area and its
Kurdistan_province
Adopted motto of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan. The word is translatable as "The Guardian" of fire or "The Land of the Fire" in Modern Persian. Some critics have argued that the phrase is a reference
The_Land_of_Fire
Naval battle during the Ionian Revolt (494 BC)
(translated by Rex Warner). Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044039-9. Holland, Tom (2006). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-51311-9
Battle_of_Lade
Self-immolation of an Iranian woman
empathy" (in Persian). BBC. 14 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019. "Iran: Shocking death of football fan who set herself on fire". www.amnesty
Death_of_Sahar_Khodayari
5th-century BC Persian official and military commander
Boges was a Persian official and military commander, who functioned as governor (hyparchos) of Eion in Thrace (Achaemenid satrapy of Skudra) under the
Boges
Forrest, A History of Sparta p. 87 W G Forrest, A History of Sparta p. 89 Persian Fire: The First World Empire, Battle for the West p258 Aspects of Greek History
History_of_Sparta
Central and complex Zoroastrian theological concept
Arta Vahišta), "Best Truth".[b] The Middle Persian descendant is Ashawahist or Ardwahisht; New Persian Ardibehesht or Ordibehesht. In the Gathas—the
Asha
Series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828
The Russo-Persian Wars (Russian: Русско-персидские войны, Rússko-Persídskije Vóiny), or the Russo-Iranian Wars (Persian: جنگهای ایران و روسیه Janghâ-ye
Russo-Persian_Wars
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
the Second Persian War by Xerxes; Plutarch and Diodorus allege that Alexander's companion, the hetaera Thaïs, instigated and started the fire. Even as he
Alexander_the_Great
fire who rides on a brown goat Yal-un Eke, mother goddess of fire who is Odqan's counterpart Turgmam, goddess of fire Atar, yazata of fire in Persian
List_of_fire_deities
King of Babylon during 522 BC
heir", Old Persian: Nabukudracara), alternatively spelled Nebuchadrezzar III and also known by his original name Nidintu-Bêl (Old Persian: Naditabaira
Nebuchadnezzar_III
Fourth conflict of the Russo-Persian Wars
The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and, like many of their other conflicts, began
Russo-Persian_War_(1804–1813)
1987 Iraqi attack during the Iran–Iraq War
incident occurred during the Iran–Iraq War in the Persian Gulf on 17 May 1987, when an Iraqi jet aircraft fired two Exocet missiles at the U.S. frigate USS Stark
USS_Stark_incident
Sepandarmazgan: Day of Love, Friendship and Earth in ancient Persian culture. Chaharshanbe Suri: Festival of Fire, last Wednesday night in the Iranian Calendar year
List_of_festivals_in_Iran
Highest deity of Zoroastrianism
by white horses, which was used to invite Ahura Mazda to accompany the Persian army into battle. Ahura Mazda was depicted in images starting from the
Ahura_Mazda
Ancient Persian heavy cavalry adopted by various subsequent states
I, it was noted by Procopius[citation needed] that Persian cataphract archers were adept at firing their arrows in very quick succession and saturating
Cataphract
Attempt by Aristagoras to conquer Naxos
in the name of the Persian Empire of Darius the Great, to conquer the island of Naxos. It was the opening act of the Greco-Persian Wars, which would ultimately
Siege_of_Naxos_(499_BC)
missile-power. The bow was the preferred missile-weapon of the Persians. At maximum rate of fire a sparabara haivarabam of 10,000 men could launch approximately
Military_history_of_Iran
Pottery of Iran
Persian pottery or Iranian pottery is the pottery made by the artists of Persia (Iran) and its history goes back to early Neolithic Age (7th millennium
Persian_pottery
A fire temple, Agiary, Atashkadeh (Persian: آتشکده), Atashgah (آتشگاه) or Dar-e Mehr (در مهر) is the place of worship for the followers of Zoroastrianism
List_of_fire_temples_in_Iran
Strait between the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
The Strait of Hormuz (/hɔːrˈmuːz/) is a waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast lies
Strait_of_Hormuz
Iranian fighter pilot and commander (1950–1987)
Abbas Babaei (Persian: عباس بابایی) (5 December 1950 – 6 August 1987) was an Iranian pilot and brigadier-general in the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
Abbas_Babaei
United States television and radio network
Voice of America Persian News Network (VOA-PNN) was a governmental international broadcaster of the United States of America in Persian language. Its headquarters
Voice of America Persian News Network
Voice_of_America_Persian_News_Network
Wine making in Iran
Persian wine, also called May (Persian: می), Mul (Persian: مل), and Bâdah (باده), is a cultural symbol and tradition in Iran, and has a significant presence
Persian_wine
Siege by Alexander the Great in 334 BC
surprising the Persian forces. Memnon, realising the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army. Strong winds caused the fire to destroy much
Siege_of_Halicarnassus
Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)
The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. It took place in 479 BC near the city of Plataea in Boeotia
Battle_of_Plataea
Name list
romanized: ʿĀzār, the Arabic name of Lazarus of Bethany Persian: آذر, romanized: Āzar, lit. 'fire' Hebrew: עֵזֶר, romanized: ʿĒzer, lit. 'helper', cf. Ebenezer
Azar_(name)
Founder of the Achaemenid Empire
that Cyrus is Kay Khosrow, a legendary Persian king of the Kayanian dynasty and a character in Shahnameh, a Persian epic. Some scholars, however, believe
Cyrus_the_Great
Iranian ship
Konarak (Persian: کنارک) was a Hendijan-class support vessel of the Iranian Navy. It was built in the Netherlands and was put into service since 1988
IRIS_Konarak
Forged in Fire is an American reality television competition series that has aired on the History channel since its season one premiere episode on June
List of Forged in Fire episodes
List_of_Forged_in_Fire_episodes
The culture of Tehran concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals, many Persian entertainments and sports activities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran
Culture_of_Tehran
1988 US attack on Iran in the Iran-Iraq War
April 1988 attack by the United States on Iranian naval targets in the Persian Gulf in retaliation for the mining of a U.S. warship four days earlier
Operation_Praying_Mantis
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