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Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
modern Zoroastrianism and academia). It has been argued by Almut Hintze that this designation of monotheism is not wholly perfect and that Zoroastrianism instead
Zoroastrianism
Overview of the Zoroastrian populace in Iran
Zoroastrianism is considered to be the oldest religion still practiced in Iran. It is an Iranian religion that emerged around the 2nd millennium BCE, spread
Zoroastrianism_in_Iran
Reforming Zoroastrianism in India and Iran, Syracuse University Press, pp. 25, 26, ISBN 978-0815650607 Rose, Jenny (2011), Zoroastrianism: An Introduction
Persecution_of_Zoroastrians
Zoroastrian or Iranian cosmology refers to the origins (cosmogony) and structure (cosmography) of the cosmos in Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrian literature
Zoroastrian_cosmology
study by the Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA) published a demographic picture of Zoroastrianism around the world, in comparison
List of countries by Zoroastrian population
List_of_countries_by_Zoroastrian_population
Zoroastrian community in the Indian subcontinent
1750s, when the word "Zoroastrianism" had yet to be coined, made the first detailed report of the Parsis and of Zoroastrianism, therein mistakenly assuming
Parsis
Personification of the "destructive spirit" in Zoroastrianism
In Zoroastrianism, Ahriman (/ˈɑːrɪmən/; Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩, romanized: Ahreman), also written Ahreman or as Ahrimanes, is the destructive evil
Ahriman
Overview of the Zoroastrian populace in India
Parsi-Zoroastrian longevity - Indian Express". 5 July 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2016. Team, Indo Vacations. "Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism in India"
Zoroastrianism_in_India
also provided the adjective zradaštakan, meaning "Zoroastrian". Mazdaism, a synonym for Zoroastrianism, is also attested in the earliest extant Armenian
Zoroastrianism_in_Armenia
Homosexuality in the Zoroastrian religion
could be killed without permission from the Dastur, the high priest. Zoroastrianism has been said to have a "hatred of male anal intercourse" that is reflected
Zoroastrianism and homosexuality
Zoroastrianism_and_homosexuality
Zoroastrian compendium of sacred literature
The Avesta is the corpus of religious texts of Zoroastrianism. All its texts are composed in the Avestan language and written in the Avestan alphabet.
Avesta
Overview of the Zoroastrian movement in the Russian Federation
romanized: Blagoverie, lit. 'Good Faith') or Russian Zoroastrianism is a branch of Zoroastrianism practised in Russia. It emerged in the 1990s under the
Russian_Zoroastrianism
Iranian prophet and spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism
Ancient Iranian religion, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism. In the oldest Zoroastrian scriptures, the Gathas, which he is traditionally believed
Zoroaster
Prayer in Zoroastrianism
blended Islam and Zoroastrianism. Ashem Vohu Ahuna Vairya Kotwal & Kreyenbroek 2015, chap. Prayer. "BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: Worship". www.bbc
Zoroastrian_prayer
Highest deity of Zoroastrianism
of Zoroastrianism: Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman rule. Brill. pp. 458–459. de Jong, A. (1997). Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek
Ahura_Mazda
Zoroastrian religious commemorations
Zoroastrianism has numerous festivals and holy days, all of which are bound to the Zoroastrian calendar. The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the calendar
Zoroastrian_festivals
Apostasy in Zoroastrianism is when a Zoroastrian leaves Zoroastrianism, which leads to punishment, the most common of which was execution. The punishment
Apostasy_in_Zoroastrianism
Texts related to the Iranian religion
Zoroastrian literature is the corpus of literary texts produced within the religious tradition of Zoroastrianism. These texts span the languages of Avestan
Zoroastrian_literature
Sacred utterance or prayer used in Zoroastrianism
(mʾnsl) is a prayer, sacred formula or inspired utterance considered in Zoroastrianism to have spiritual power. Their use already goes back to Zarathustra
Manthra_(Zoroastrianism)
its inception, Zoroastrianism has recognized total spiritual equality between women and men. The spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism, the eponymous Zoroaster
Women_in_Zoroastrianism
proceeded slowly. Zoroastrianism was one of the dominant religions in Northern Mesopotamia before the Islamic era. Currently, Zoroastrianism is an officially
Religion_in_Iraq
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
Sasanians, an orthodox Zoroastrianism was revived and the religion would undergo numerous and important developments. Sasanian Zoroastrianism developed clear
Sasanian_Empire
Extinct branch of Zoroastrianism
pre-Zoroastrian divinity that was incorporated into Zoroastrianism. The third view is that Zurvanism is the product of the contact between Zoroastrianism
Zurvanism
Zoroastrian Daeva of corpse matter
Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature. Brill. p. 137. Russell, James R. "Burial iii. In Zoroastrianism". www.iranicaonline
Nasu_(Zoroastrianism)
Capital punishment in Zoroastrianism It is found in the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta, and in several other Zoroastrian texts, and was practiced during
Capital punishment in Zoroastrianism
Capital_punishment_in_Zoroastrianism
Critical views of the Zoroastrian religion
Criticism of Zoroastrianism has taken place over many centuries not only from the adherents of other religions but also among Zoroastrians themselves seeking
Criticism_of_Zoroastrianism
Religions that originated in the Iranian plateau
Zurvanism: By the late Achaemenid Empire, Zoroastrianism was also evident as Zurvanism (Zurvanite Zoroastrianism), a monist dualism that had a following
Iranian_religions
of Zoroastrianism/Chapter 53 - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2026-03-13. "M.N. Dhalla: History of Zoroastrianism (1938)
Zoroastrianism_and_slavery
North American Zoroastrian organization
the religious, cultural, and social values of Zoroastrianism. Founded in 1975, ZAMC serves the Zoroastrian community in the Chicago metropolitan area, providing
FEZANA
Zoroastrian excarnation structure
as a sacred element and the Zoroastrian divinity of wind Russell, James R. (1 January 2000). "BURIAL iii. In Zoroastrianism". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol
Tower_of_Silence
The idea that Zoroastrianism and its beliefs and practices have been influenced by other religions, including the Babylonian and Hellenistic religions
Religious influences on Zoroastrianism
Religious_influences_on_Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism was a prominent religious belief in Afghanistan for centuries. Until half a century ago, 2,000 Zoroastrians were living in Afghanistan.
Zoroastrianism_in_Afghanistan
This is a list of Zoroastrians with a Wikipedia article. Zartosht Bahram-e Pazhdo Turan Bahrami Shahriari (1931-2024) Cyrus the Great (c. 600–530 BC):
List_of_Zoroastrians
Religious date system
Adherents of Zoroastrianism use three distinct versions of traditional calendars for liturgical purposes. Those all derive from medieval Iranian calendars
Zoroastrian_calendar
Central and complex Zoroastrian theological concept
represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism". The opposite of aṣ̌a is druj (Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘, lit. 'deceit, falsehood')
Asha
Zoroastrian music is a genre of religious music that accompanies religious and traditional rites among the Zoroastrian people. Although certain ancient
Zoroastrian_music
Zoroastrian matrimony rituals
A Zoroastrian wedding is a religious ceremony in Zoroastrianism in which two individuals, usually a man and a woman, are united. In Zoroastrianism, marriage
Zoroastrian_wedding
Overview of the Zoroastrian populace in Azerbaijan
Zoroastrianism remain highly respected in Azerbaijan, and the new year Nowruz continues to be one of the main holidays in the country. Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan
Historical Zoroastrian consanguinious marriage
historically practiced in Zoroastrianism before the Muslim conquest of Persia. Such marriages are recorded as having been inspired by Zoroastrian cosmogony and considered
Xwedodah
Aspect of ancient Iranian society
sources to a specific religion, like Zoroastrianism, has been difficult. This is due to the fact that Zoroastrianism is derived from and consequently shares
Religion in the Achaemenid Empire
Religion_in_the_Achaemenid_Empire
Zoroastrian divinities
features prominently in Zoroastrian worship in Armenia, the Kushan Empire, Sogdia, China, and other regions where Zoroastrianism was practiced outside of
Yazata
Ancient Persian religion related to Zoroastrianism
pre-Zoroastrian Iranian religion believed to be the ancestor of Zoroastrianism from which later religions would derive. Unlike in Zoroastrianism, Ahura
Mazdaism
List of historical and modern sects within Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism has several sects and movements, each with distinct interpretations of its core tenets. These groups vary in their approaches to pluralism
List_of_Zoroastrianism_sects
Worship of or belief in multiple deities
Book I, Hymn 164, Verse 46 Rigveda Ahura Mazda is the supreme god, but Zoroastrianism does not deny other deities. Ahura Mazda has yazatas ("good agents")
Polytheism
Historical religion in Sichuan
Zoroastrianism in Sichuan refers to the historical presence of Zoroastrianism in modern-day Sichuan province, that forms part of southwestern China. The
Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan
including Jamsheed Choksy, have hypothesized that the transition from Zoroastrianism to Islam among Iranians following the Arab invasion was a gradual process
Zoroastrian population decline
Zoroastrian_population_decline
Ghereghlou 2017, p. 48. Ghereghlou 2017, p. 49. Choksy, Jamsheed K. (2015). "Zoroastrianism ii. Historical Review: from the Arab Conquest to Modern Times". In Yarshater
Zoroastrianism in Safavid Iran
Zoroastrianism_in_Safavid_Iran
Class of Zoroastrian divinities
of deity inherited by Zoroastrianism from the prehistoric Indo-Iranian religion, and denotes a particular class of Zoroastrian divinities. The term is
Ahura
List of demons by name
mythology) Ahriman/Angra Mainyu (Zoroastrianism) Aim/Haborym (Christian demonology) Aka Manah/Akem Manah/Akoman/Akvan (Zoroastrianism) Akuma (Japanese Buddhism
List_of_theological_demons
Class of divine entities in Zoroastrianism
Mary (1975), History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. I, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 90-04-10474-7 Boyce, Mary (1982), History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. II, Under the Achamenians
Amesha_Spenta
relationship with the followers of Zoroastrianism. In the tablet to Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl Baháʼu'lláh answered questions about Zoroastrianism and Hinduism by Mánikc͟hí
Baháʼí Faith and Zoroastrianism
Baháʼí_Faith_and_Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrian symbol
the Fārre Kiyâni (فرّ کیانی), is one of the most prominent symbols of Zoroastrianism. There is no universal consensus on what it means or stands for, as
Faravahar
Zoroastrianism in China was in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960), and saw the development of an indigenous Chinese Zoroastrianism that
Religion_in_China
Persecution of Zoroastrians Related topics Zoroastrianism and slavery Criticism of Zoroastrianism Zoroastrian cosmology List of Zoroastrianism sects Religious
Gochihr_(Zoroastrianism)
Zoroaster Zoroastrian calendar Zoroastrian festivals Zoroastrian music Zoroastrian wedding Zoroastrianism and sexual orientation Zoroastrianism by Country
Index of Zoroastrianism-related articles
Index_of_Zoroastrianism-related_articles
Zoroastrian and Iranian festival
Mary; Grenet, Frantz (1991). Beck, Roger (ed.). A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004293915
Mehregan
Ancient Iranian religion
Iranian offshoot of Zoroastrianism. The religion was founded in the early Sasanian Empire by Zaradust-e Khuragen, a Zoroastrian mobad who was a contemporary
Mazdakism
Zoroastrian concept of holy fire
(1996). History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. I, The early period. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-10474-7. Boyce, Mary (1997). History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. II, Under
Atar
Asian multi-sport event
World Eskimo Indian Olympics World Indigenous Games World Polonia Games Zoroastrian Games Other CSIT World Sports Games Dew Tour Enhanced Games Mind Sports
Asian_Games
Indian people. Majus (مجوس) Arab world Persian people A term meaning Zoroastrian, Magi, fire worshipper. Maketo Spain Non-Basque Spaniards A Basque word
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Most populous city in the United States
religious groups in New York City are Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and others. As of 2023, 24% of Greater New Yorkers identified with
New_York_City
this time prior to the Arab invasion, Christianity had become, next to Zoroastrianism, the second most powerful religious force in the territory. Marco Polo
Religion_in_Uzbekistan
such as Shia Islam, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism, Bahai Faith, Jainism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism (Parsis), Ravidassia (Ad-Dharmi), as well as animism and folk religions
Religion_in_Bangladesh
Zoroastrian sect
is written that the Magi (Zoroastrians) believe that Allah and Iblis are brothers. "M.N. Dhalla: History of Zoroastrianism (1938), part 6, CHAPTER XLVI
Gayomarthians
Topics referred to by the same term
Zoroastrian Empire may refer to empires with Zoroastrianism as the state religion: Achaemenid Empire, an empire based in Western Asia in Iran, founded
Zoroastrian_Empire
Liturgical language of Zoroastrianism originating in the Old Iranian period
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and
Avestan
Avestan language name of Zoroastrianism's demoness of "lasciviousness."
(1955). Zurvan: A Zoroastrian dilemma. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 350–351. Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938). History of Zoroastrianism. New York: OUP. p
Jahi
British scholar in Iranian Studies (1920–2006)
anthologised the role of Zoroastrianism during subsequent eras as well. This was followed by volume 2 of History of Zoroastrianism in 1982 (also as a part
Mary_Boyce
destitute Zoroastrians; to purchase and produce books on Zoroastrianism; to fund research on Zoroastrianism; to establish a 'House of Prayer'; and as a general
Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe
Zoroastrian_Trust_Funds_of_Europe
Saviour figure in Zoroastrian
A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. I, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 90-04-04319-5. Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938), History of Zoroastrianism, New York: OUP
Saoshyant
Zoroastrian concept
A History of Zoroastrianism, vol. 1, Leiden: Brill: 19f., 225f., 268ff. Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938), History of Zoroastrianism, New York: OUP:
Ashi
Aspect of ancient Iranian society
this time was Zoroastrianism, many other religions like Christianity and Manichaeism were also significant to Sasanian society. Zoroastrianism was the state
Religion in the Sasanian Empire
Religion_in_the_Sasanian_Empire
Zoroastrian term conventionally interpreted as heretic
zindiq, with the same semantic field but related to Islam rather than Zoroastrianism. In the Islamic world, including Islamic-era Iran, the term was also
Zandik
Zoroastrian community in India
ethno-religious community on the Indian subcontinent; they descend from the Zoroastrians who emigrated from Qajar-era Iran to British India in the 19th and 20th
Iranis_(India)
Demon, ogre or giant from Persian mythology
texts of Zoroastrianism and credited to Zoroaster himself, the daevas are not yet the demons that they would become in later Zoroastrianism; though their
Daeva
to the Muslim Arab invasion of Iran, Zoroastrianism had been the primary religion of Iranian peoples. Zoroastrians mainly are ethnic Persians and are concentrated
Religion_in_Iran
Zoroastrian concept representing insight and revelation
feminine noun which translates to "that which is seen or observed". In Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith, Peter Clark suggests that the
Daena
Country in South Asia
Reformed Church and Pentecostal denominations. Sri Lanka also has a small Zoroastrian community descended from Parsi immigrants from India who settled in Ceylon
Sri_Lanka
Zoroastrian place of worship
9th century BCE, the rituals of fire are contemporary with that of Zoroastrianism itself. It appears at approximately the same time as the shrine cult
Fire_temple
8th-century Persian Zoroastrian heresiarch
was an 8th-century Persian Zoroastrian heresiarch who started a religious peasant revolt with elements from Zoroastrianism and Islam (Behafaridians) He
Behafarid
British rock band
Kensal Green, West London was private, and held in accordance with the Zoroastrian religious faith of his family. "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as
Queen_(band)
Zoroastrian initiation ritual
inducted into the Zoroastrian religion and begins to wear the sedreh and kushti. The term navjote is used primarily by the Zoroastrians of India (the Parsis)
Navjote
Exegesis in Zoroastrianism is principally defined as the interpretation of Avesta, the Zoroastrian religious book. The Zend, an explanation of Avesta which
Exegesis_in_Zoroastrianism
Study of general and fundamental questions
Syādvāda Legalism Logicians Mazdakism Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika
Philosophy
Zoroastrian doctrine of a final renovation of the universe
(1975) A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. 1 (Handbuch der Orientalistik Series). Leiden: Brill; Repr. 1996 as A History of Zoroastrianism: Vol 1, The Early
Frashokereti
Country in Central and South Asia
the Iranian and Indian cultural spheres, the area was a center for Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and later Islam. The modern state of Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Intermediary between humanity and the divine
and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, the Abrahamic religions, Mandaeism, Manichaeism, and Thelema
Prophet
Zoroastrian pilgrimage site
(Persian: پیر) refers to a site of pilgrimage, typically one of the Zoroastrian faith, in Persian. Pirs range from localized devotional sites to major
Pir_(Zoroastrianism)
Zoroastrian divinity of covenant, light, and oath
Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. 2022, S. 454. doi:10.1002/9781118785539.ch28. Boyce, Mary; Grenet, Frantz (1975). Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and
Mithra
Creator god in pre-Christian Armenian mythology
Aramazd was the chief and creator god in the Armenian version of Zoroastrianism. The deity and his name were derived from the deity Ahura Mazda after the
Aramazd
Zoroastrian concept of "perfection"
the Avestan language word for the Zoroastrian concept of "wholeness" or "perfection." In post-Gathic Zoroastrianism, Haurvatat was the Amesha Spenta associated
Haurvatat
Country in West Asia
related to a set of beliefs that, in Persia, led to the emergence of Zoroastrianism. It particularly focused on the worship of Mithra and also included
Armenia
Exceptionally old cypress tree in Yazd province, Iran
Cypress of Abarkuh (Persian: سرو ابرکوه Sarv-e Abarkuh), also called the Zoroastrian Sarv, is a Persian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) tree in Abarkuh in
Sarv-e_Abarkuh
enjoy relative safety. Zoroastrianism was one of the dominant religions in Kurdistan before the Islamic era. Currently, Zoroastrianism is an officially recognized
Religion_in_Kurdistan
Overview of the Zoroastrian populace in the United States
This article focuses on Zoroastrianism in the United States. The Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America seeks to connect communities in
Zoroastrianism in the United States
Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States
Important prayer in Zoroastrianism
manthra, and one of the most important prayers in Zoroastrianism. It is dedicated to Asha, a Zoroastrian concept denoting truth, order or righteousness.
Ashem_vohu
Avestan deity of wind and atmosphere
other in a positive context. In Zurvanism (Zurvanite Zoroastrianism, a now-extinct form of Zoroastrianism), Vāta-Vāyu represented two facets of the quaternary
Vayu-Vata
Country in South Asia
Well before the millennium's end, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Zoroastrianism had become established on India's southern and western coasts. Early
India
Ethno-religious group of Kurdistan
parallels with Zoroastrianism, it is not considered to have developed out of it, and scholars note the presence of some pre-Zoroastrian elements. In the
Yazidis
Zoroastrian observance of Zoroaster's birthday
(2004). Zoroastrian Rituals in Context. Brill Academic. https://brill.com/display/title/9294 Iyer, M. (2009). Faith & Philosophy of Zoroastrianism. Gyan
Khordad_Sal
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