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Larval form of certain aquatic animals
A planula is the free-swimming, flattened, ciliated, bilaterally symmetric larval form of various cnidarian species and some species of ctenophores (such
Planula
Topics referred to by the same term
M. planula may refer to a few different species. Macrochlamys planula [zh; wikidata], a species of air-breathing land snails in the family Ariophantidae
M._planula
Species of small, biologically immortal jellyfish
planula settles down, it gives rise to a colony of polyps that are attached to the sea floor. All the polyps and medusa arising from a single planula
Turritopsis_dohrnii
Clade of all animals except sponges and comb jellies
corners of a single opening with lips fusing. E.g. Acoela resemble the planula larvae of some Cnidaria, which exhibit some bilaterian symmetry. They are
ParaHoxozoa
Species of micro-organism
Magosphaera planula was a spherical multiflagellated multicellular microorganism discovered by Ernst Haeckel in September 1869 while he was collecting
Magosphaera
Species of leafcutter bee (Megachile)
Megachile planula is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Vachal in 1908. "Megachile". BioLib. 2014. Retrieved 18 October
Megachile_planula
Soft-bodied, aquatic invertebrates
life cycle, and the medusa is normally the sexual phase, which produces planula larvae. These then disperse widely and enter a sedentary polyp phase which
Jellyfish
Marine animals of the order Actiniaria
through the mouth into the sea. The resulting fertilized eggs develop into planula larvae which, after being planktonic for a while, settle on the seabed
Sea_anemone
Species of coral
coral planula to nearby reefs, and the selection of a spot while avoiding harmful UV radiation, sedimentation and shading, giving the planula the best
Staghorn_coral
Sexual behavior of non-human animals
gametes fuse during fertilisation to form a microscopic larva called a planula, typically pink and elliptical in shape. Synchronous spawning is very typical
Animal_sexual_behaviour
Clade of marine invertebrates
cycle. The basic pattern is medusa (usually the adult or sexual phase), planula larva, polyp, medusa. Symmetry is tetramerous, with parts in fours or multiples
Medusozoa
Subphylum of cnidarians without a medusa stage
they release sperm and egg cells into the water. After fertilisation, the planula larvae form part of the plankton. When fully developed, the larvae settle
Anthozoa
Class of Anthozoa with 8-fold symmetry
complex life cycle includes a motile, planktonic phase (a larva called planula), and a later characteristic sessile phase. Octocorals have existed at
Octocorallia
Juvenile form of distinct animals before metamorphosis
Heterocyemida Wagener's larva Dicyemida infusoriform larva Cnidarians planula (= stereogastrula), actinula Ctenophora cydippid larvae Platyhelminthes
Larva
Suborder of hydrozoans
invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. The group have lost its planula larval stage, and the only remnants of the medusa stage is when they function
Aplanulata
Species of hydrozoan
externally and take approximately 24 hours to develop into planula. The ciliated planula will swim freely until the proper external cues, for instance
Clytia_hemisphaerica
Aquatic animal phylum having cnidocytes
named so because the earliest Bilateria were probably similar to the planula larvae of Cnidaria. In 2005, Katja Seipel and Volker Schmid suggested that
Cnidaria
Species of jellyfish
begins with a planula larvae. This planula will continue to swim until it finds a substrate that it can use as support. Once the planula attaches to a
Carukia_barnesi
Animals with embryonic bilateral symmetry
proposal, by Jaume Baguñà and colleagues, is that it may have resembled the planula larvae of some cnidarians, which unlike the radially-symmetric adults have
Bilateria
Species of marine cnidarian
at what depth these occur. A fertilized man o' war egg develops into a planula that buds off new zooids as it grows, gradually forming a new colony. This
Portuguese_man_o'_war
Phylum of marine, flatworm-like animals
Acoelomorpha is a subphylum of very simple and small soft-bodied animals with planula-like features that live in marine or brackish waters. They usually live
Acoelomorpha
One of two forms found in the phylum Cnidaria (zoology)
present, depending on the family. In those scyphozoans that have the larval planula metamorphose into a polyp, the polyp, also called a "scyphistoma," grows
Polyp_(zoology)
Species of gastropod
obscura (Couthouy, 1838) Synonyms Ilanga carinata Verrill, A.E., 1882 Ilanga planula Verrill, A.E., 1882 Machaeroplax albula (Gould, 1861) Machaeroplax bella
Solariella_obscura
Taxonomic class of animals
gametes freely into the sea in most cases. Zygotes become free-swimming planula larvae or actinula larvae that either settle on a suitable substrate (in
Hydrozoa
Subclass of hydrozoans
Hydroidolina follows a biphasic life cycle, which alternates in occurrence as planula larva, asexual colonial sessile polyps and free-swimming sexual medusa
Hydroidolina
Hypothetical last common ancestor of all animals
resulting in left-right symmetry. The planula hypothesis, proposed by Bütschli, suggests that metazoa are derived from planula; that is, the larva of certain
Urmetazoan
Organic vessel in which an embryo first begins to develop
rather like a morula with cilia. In cnidarians, this stage is called the planula, and either develops directly into the adult animals or forms new adult
Egg
Order of jellyfishes
eggs or sperm, which fertilize in the sea and form a creeping, unciliated planula larva. The larvae crawl across the sea floor and find a suitable place
Stauromedusae
—N/a Jay chick hen cock band party scold corvid corvine Jellyfish ephyra planula polyp —N/a —N/a bloom brood fluther smack smuth medusozoan Junglefowl (see
List_of_animal_names
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
fertilize at the water's surface and form a microscopic larva called a planula, typically pink and elliptical in shape. A typical coral colony needs to
Coral
Order of Hexacorallia which produce a massive stony skeleton
release gametes into the sea where fertilisation takes place, and the planula larvae drift as part of the plankton, but a few species brood their eggs
Scleractinia
Phylum of aquatic animals
that Trichoplax is not a distinct animal but that it is a form of the planula larva of the anemone-like hydrozoan Eleutheria krohni. Although this was
Placozoa
Order of colonial hydrozoans with differentiated zooids
structure in early larval development via invaginations of the flattened planula structure. Further observations of the siphonophore species Nanomia bijuga
Siphonophore
Species of cnidarian
family Pelagiidae, have a life cycle with both the free-swimming stages (planula, ephyra and medusa) and a bottom-living polyp stage, P. noctiluca has adapted
Pelagia_noctiluca
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
days to weeks. Subsequent development produces a tiny larva, known as a planula. Externally fertilized eggs develop during synchronized spawning. Polyps
Coral_reef
Genus of worms
hatches in the digestive system of the intermediate host, producing a planula larva. It penetrates the intestinal wall and is carried by bloodstream
Echinococcus
Species of jellyfish
Adults release sperm or egg into the water; fertilized eggs form planula larvae. The planula then attaches itself to a rock or similar structure that allows
Cephea_cephea
Species of cnidarian
remain attached to her oral arms, and there they grow into flat bean-shaped planula, the free-swimming larval stage of cnidarians. After they grow into flower-shaped
Chrysaora_fuscescens
Genus of jellyfish
There is an increasing size from starting stage planula to ephyra, from less than 1 mm in the planula stage, up to about 1 cm in ephyra stage, and then
Aurelia_(cnidarian)
Genus of hydrozoans
medusa fertilizes the eggs with its sperm, which produces a planula. After that, this planula floats in the water until it finds a reef it is able to attach
Fire_coral
Species of jellyfish
high salinity environments, and events of lowered salinity can inhibit planula settlement and impair feeding ability of medusae. Additionally, rapid changes
Jelly_blubber
Clade of animals
Hejnol & Mark Q. Martindale (2008). "Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.
Planulozoa
Phylum of animals
basalmost bilaterian clade. Their larvae show similarities with cnidarian planula larvae and poriferan parenchyma larvae, but it is not clear if the similarities
Xenacoelomorpha
Genus of hydrozoans
later morphs into a blastula, then a ciliated swimming larva called a planula. The planulae are free-swimming for a while but eventually attach themselves
Obelia
Genus of bryozoans
peristomata Gordon, 1984 Hippothoa petrophila Dick & Grischenko, 2016 Hippothoa planula Canu, 1926 Hippothoa rudis Canu & Lecointre, 1928 Hippothoa rugulosa Hippothoa
Hippothoa
Possible simple urbilateran candidate
Hejnol, A.; Martindale, M.Q. (2008). "Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
Urbilaterian
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
bilaterian, and not triploblastic (but the common Bilateria-Cnidaria ancestor's planula larva is suspected to be bilaterally symmetric). The term coelomate means
Cambrian_explosion
Species of coral
of the colony, entangled in a sticky mucus. After about six days, the planula larvae have completed their development and are liberated and soon settle
Rhytisma_fulvum
planary, planate, planation, plane, planification, planiform, planish, planula, planular, planulate plang-, planct- strike, beat; lament, mourn Latin
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Order of hydrozoans
happens. Once the eggs are fertilized they then develop into a stage called planula which can be defined as a larval stage and it then lives in the seafloor
Narcomedusae
Species of hydrozoan
of gametes. Embryos develop in two to three days leading to a planula larvae. The planula then attaches to a hermit crab shell and subsequently undergoes
Hydractinia_symbiolongicarpus
Species of jellyfish
medusa laying an egg; after some time, it becomes a free-floating planula. Then the planula will start to settle to the bottom, and later become free-floating
Cassiopea_frondosa
Genus of hemichordate graptolite
Kozlowski 1956 Individual Rhabdopleura larvae are lecithotrophic with planula-like features and a uniform arrangement of cilia. Those larva metamorphosize
Rhabdopleura
Genus of hydrozoans
during unfavorable periods. The larval form (planula) and adult form show two different body plans. The planula is a small, free-living larva, and is diploblastic
Clava_multicornis
Family of hydrozoans
Limnocnida, where they are on the manubrium. The fertilised eggs develop into planula larvae which become polyps. These multiply asexually or can bud off medusae
Olindiidae
Species of coral
chambers of female polyps in other colonies. The embryos develop into planula larvae which are released into the sea. After drifting as part of the plankton
Eunicella_cavolini
Class of jellyfishes
is likely simplistic. They have a lifespan of less than a year and the planula larva attaches to the substrate, developing into a primary (interstitial)
Staurozoa
Species of coral
which is called laceration. Sexual reproduction produces a larva called a planula which once on the seabed develops into a new individual. NatureServe. "Ricordea
Ricordea_florida
Species of jellyfish
only known scyphozoan that undergoes sexual propagation but lacks the planula stage. During reproduction, the female helmet jellyfish contain thousands
Helmet_jellyfish
Species of jellyfish
on environmental conditions. In metagenetic life cycle, the A.coerulea planula turns into polyp then attach to substrates for up to half a year till strobilation
Aurelia_coerulea
German zoologist (1834–1919)
Schmidt (philosopher) Karl Blossfeldt List of wildlife artists Magosphaera planula Proteus (2004 film) "Haeckel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster
Ernst_Haeckel
Species of jellyfish
with the emission of gametes into the open water. After fertilisation, a planula larva forms which later develops into a cubopolyp with a few tentacles
Carybdea_marsupialis
Species of jellyfish
and produces gametes. After fertilisation, the zygote develops into a planula larva which is brooded by the female inside the bell. It is later expelled
Tripedalia_cystophora
Phylum of invertebrates, ribbon worms
form juveniles (like the adult but smaller) or larvae that resemble the planulas of cnidarians. However, some form a pilidium larva, in which the developing
Nemertea
Species of jellyfish
Holst, S; Jarms, G (2007). "Substrate choice and settlement preferences of planula larvae of five scyphozoa (Cnidaria) from German Bight, North Sea". Marine
Chrysaora_hysoscella
Species of coral
reproduction occurs by the release of gametes into the water column. The planula larvae drift with the currents before settling on the seabed and undergoing
Pseudodiploria_clivosa
Eggs and sperm released into water
gametes fuse during fertilization to form a microscopic larva called a planula, typically pink and elliptical in shape. A typical coral colony form several
Spawning
Subclass of Pterobranchs in the phylum Hemichordata
modular growth of the colony. The life cycle begins with a planktonic planula-like larva produced by sexual reproduction, which later becomes the sicular
Graptolite
Species of coral
the polyp. As a result, fertilization occurs internally, resulting in planula larvae. The free-swimming planktonic larvae survive for as many as 14 days
Orange_cup_coral
Species of coral
first incorporated in the planula tissues during development and may enter through the ectoderm near the oral pore. Once the planula had become larger, more
Fimbriaphyllia_ancora
Species of hydrozoan
fertilisation, each embryo develops within a day or so into a free-swimming planula larva. After drifting with the plankton for some time, this finds a suitable
Pennaria_disticha
Species of jellyfish
Eggs are laid by the adult medusa which later develops into a free-living Planula, then to a scyphistoma, to a strobila, and lastly to a free-living young
Desmonema_glaciale
Genus of corals
sperm are ejected through the mouth and after fertilisation, develop into planula larvae which form part of the plankton. After some time these settle on
Lobactis
Genus of jellyfish
predicted to follow a metagenetic life cycle. Under this life cycle, a planula larva develops into the deposits of the ocean floor and begins asexually
Desmonema_(cnidarian)
Suborder of siphonophores
development. The sperm are attracted to the egg by species-specific chemicals. A planula forms, which then develops into a bilaterally symmetric siphonula, then
Physonectae
Species of sea anemone
Fertilization is external and the zygote develops into a pear-shaped planula which attaches to rocks or solid substrate and develops into a young adult
Anthopleura_hermaphroditica
Species of sea anemone
spawning and the resulting planula larva has recently evolved a partially parasitic lifestyle [citation needed] The planula larvae are sometimes the cause
Edwardsiella_lineata
Genus of sea anemones
where fertilization occurs. The resulting zygote becomes a free swimming planula larva which eventually settles onto a suitable substrate where it undergoes
Aiptasia
Genus of jellyfishes
in free swimming planula larva that eventually sinks to the bottom or finds a hard surface to attach to. Once attached the planula larva starts metamorphosis
Drymonema
Species of hydrozoan
of thousands of eggs and sperm are released into the sea. They become planula larvae that eventually attach themselves to the seabed on algae, rocks
Gonionemus_vertens
Second age of the late Jurassic
Ataxioceras hypselocyclum zone of Sutneria platynota zone of Idoceras planula "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission
Kimmeridgian
Species of coral
polyps. Reproduction in Eunicella verrucosa has been little studied. The planula larvae are likely to be lecithotrophic (sustained by a yolk-sac) and able
Eunicella_verrucosa
Species of sea anemone
The eggs sink to the seabed and are fertilised in the water column. The planula larvae are planktonic, before sinking to the seabed and undergoing metamorphosis
Metridium_dianthus
Species of jellyfish
by the adult medusa. When fertilised, these develop into a free-living planula, then to a scyphistoma, to a strobila, and lastly to a free-living young
Sanderia_malayensis
Species of sea anemone
gametes into the water column where they are fertilised and develop into planula larvae. Alternatively, the gametes can be retained in the body cavity,
Condylactis_aurantiaca
Family of marine corals
zooplankton (stage: planula) Functional group mesoplankton (stage: planula) Body size (qualitative) 0.2 - 2.0 mm (stage: planula) Colonies are phaceloid
Euphylliidae
Genus of corals
place with the liberation of sperm and eggs into the water column. The planula larvae drift with the currents, and when fully developed, settle on the
Schizocyathus
Species of jellyfish
adult specimens for safety and further development. They then develop into planula larvae, which can swim using hairs called cilia. In this stage, the larvae
Chrysaora_plocamia
Species of hydrozoa
gametes are fertilized to then become zygotes that develop into planula. The planula settles onto a hard substrate like a rock where it continues to develop
Tima_nigroannulata
Species of sea anemone
liberating their gametes into the sea. The fertilised eggs develop into planula larvae which disperse, settle on the seabed, undergo metamorphosis and
Diadumene_leucolena
Genus of corals
division in mitosis. An embryo develops into a planula larva, a type of microscopic zooplankton. The coral planula moves with tiny cilia that cover the body
Mycetophyllia
Species of coral
centimetres (0.79 to 1.73 inches) a year. Most Pocilloporids brood their planula larvae, and this may also be true of Pocillopora inflata, but it has on
Pocillopora_inflata
Species of coral
involves high fecundity, a short incubation time for the embryos, small planula larvae and rapid maturation. The generation time is about 2.3 years and
Leptopsammia_pruvoti
Species of sea anemone
through the mouth and are fertilised externally. Each develops into a planula larva which settles and develops into a juvenile sea anemone. The larva
Adamsia_palliata
Family of hydrozoans
excavata. Rosalindidae species that have been discovered thus far release planula larvae. However, further research needs to be conducted to determine whether
Rosalindidae
Species of sea anemone
cavity and passed out into the water column. After fertilisation, the planula larva forms part of the plankton before settling on the seabed, undergoing
Actinodendron_arboreum
Genus of cnidarians
through the water column, developing into a free-living, free-floating planula. It remains floating until it locates hard substrate in which it will attach
Versuriga
Species of coral
are liberated into the water column where fertilisation takes place. The planula larvae form part of the plankton and drift with the currents. When they
Blastomussa_wellsi
Species of fish
stage called a planula. These larvae contain cilia that allow them to swim throughout the water column. Box jellyfish remain in the planula larvae phase
Chiropsella_bronzie
Species of cnidarian
The egg is laid by an adult medusa. It then develops into a free-living planula, then to a scyphistoma to a strobila, and finally into a free-living young
Pseudorhiza_haeckeli
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