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Court decision with no majority opinion
A plurality decision is a court decision in which no opinion received the support of a majority of the judges. A plurality opinion is the judicial opinion
Plurality_decision
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up plurality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Plurality may refer to: Plurality decision, in a decision by a multi-member court, an opinion held
Plurality
2003 United States Supreme Court case
unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. As in its prior decision in Harmelin v. Michigan, the United States Supreme Court could not agree
Ewing_v._California
Process to choose a course of action
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief
Decision-making
Plurality voting system
First-past-the-post (FPTP) — also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality — is a single-winner voting rule. Each voter marks one candidate
First-past-the-post_voting
Individuals with multiple personalities
Plural identity or plurality is a self-reported identity used by those who believe they experience multiple distinct consciousnesses, identities, or self-states
Plural_identity
1971 United States Supreme Court case
The district court found that the act was constitutional. In a split 5–4 decision the Court upheld the constitutionality of the federal construction grants
Tilton_v._Richardson
California Supreme Court civil rights case
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The three justice plurality decision was authored by Associate Justice Roger J. Traynor who would later
Perez_v._Sharp
1992 U.S. Supreme Court case on abortion
the plurality in upholding the parental consent, informed consent, and waiting period laws. However, they dissented from the plurality's decision to uphold
Planned_Parenthood_v._Casey
1982 United States Supreme Court case
library setting under the First Amendment, but the court's fractured plurality decision left the scope of this right unclear. In September 1975, the Island
Island Trees School District v. Pico
Island_Trees_School_District_v._Pico
Decision rule that selects alternatives that have a majority
is the plurality-rule family of voting rules, which includes ranked choice voting (RCV), two-round plurality, and first-preference plurality. These rules
Majority_rule
Subset of decision science
opinions, but the final decision might disappoint many members. Plurality is the most consistent scheme when superior decisions are being made, and it
Group_decision-making
American lawyer and jurist (1939–2025)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Souter voted with the moderate wing in a plurality decision in which the Court reaffirmed the essential holding in Roe v. Wade
David_Souter
Latin phrase
2004, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia used this phrase to decry the plurality decision in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, which upheld the detention of a US citizen as
Inter_arma_enim_silent_leges
Voting system
(TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who
Two-round_system
1991 United States Supreme Court case
and Scalia concurred in the plurality's judgment. O'Connor agreed with the plurality's deference to the trial court's decision, but she believed that it
Hernandez_v._New_York
1972 U.S. Supreme Court case
to a rationale. There was not any signed opinion of the court or any plurality opinion as none of the five justices in the majority joined the opinion
Furman_v._Georgia
2019 United States Supreme Court case
by a tribal corporation for sale to tribal members. This was a 5-4 plurality decision, with Justice Breyer's opinion being joined by Justices Sotomayor
Washington State Department of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc.
Washington_State_Department_of_Licensing_v._Cougar_Den,_Inc.
Court ruling which does not identify author
In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather
Per_curiam_decision
2008 landmark United States Supreme Court case
offense. The Louisiana court distinguished the U.S. Supreme Court's plurality decision in Coker v. Georgia (1977), concluding that Coker's rejection of death
Kennedy_v._Louisiana
Supreme Court of Canada case
R v Smith, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1045 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision. The Court struck down a mandatory seven-year sentence requirement for the importation
R_v_Smith_(1987)
1994 United States Supreme Court case
police arrests someone for conduct that is not unlawful. It was a plurality decision. Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266 (1994) Lieberman, Jethro K. (1999)
Albright_v._Oliver
Formal decision made by a court
(10th ed. 2014). James F. Spriggs II & David R. Stras, Explaining Plurality Decisions, 99 The Georgetown L.J. 515 at 517 (2011). Black’s Law Dictionary
Judgment_(law)
1946 United States Supreme Court case
549 (1946), was a United States Supreme Court case. Writing for a 4–3 plurality, Justice Felix Frankfurter held that the federal judiciary had no power
Colegrove_v._Green
Political slogan
328 U.S. 549 (1946) the United States Supreme Court held in a 4–3 plurality decision that Article I, Section 4 left to the legislature of each state the
One_man,_one_vote
1967 United States Supreme Court case
Supreme Court of the United States case in which the court held in a plurality decision that the Self-incrimination Clause of the Fifth Amendment applied
Spevack_v._Klein
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1946 to 1953
the practice of block booking. Dennis v. United States (1951): In a plurality decision written by Justice Vinson, the court upheld the conviction of Eugene
Vinson_Court
1996 United States Supreme Court case
of Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC. In a 7–2 plurality decision announced by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the United States Supreme
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
Colorado_Republican_Federal_Campaign_Committee_v._FEC
outright majority, with the MLSTP – Social Democratic Party winning a plurality of 24 seats out of 55 in the National Assembly. On 6 January 2025, president
2026 São Toméan parliamentary election
2026_São_Toméan_parliamentary_election
1966 U.S. Supreme Court case establishing the use of the Miranda warning
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that law enforcement must warn a person
Miranda_v._Arizona
US Supreme Court justice from 1945 to 1958
Communist. Despite a significant split among the justices, Burton wrote a plurality decision in which he disposed of the case on technical grounds. He argued that
Harold_H._Burton
2022 U.S. Supreme Court case on abortion
Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the court held that the United
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women's_Health_Organization
1986 United States Supreme Court case
and established that municipalities can be held liable even for a single decision that is improperly made. A physician and owner of a medical clinic in Cincinnati
Pembaur_v._City_of_Cincinnati
2006 United States Supreme Court case
however, the Supreme Court vacated and remanded the case after its new plurality decision in Vieth v. Jubelirer readdressed the political question doctrine
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens_v._Perry
2020 United States Supreme Court case
collection speech over political speech. The Supreme Court, in a complex plurality decision, ruled on July 6, 2020, that the 2015 amendment to the TCPA did unconstitutionally
Barr v. American Ass'n of Political Consultants
Barr_v._American_Ass'n_of_Political_Consultants
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
continues until only one candidate is left. Instant runoff falls under the plurality-with-elimination family of voting methods, and is thus closely related
Instant-runoff_voting
Software that restricts or controls the content an Internet user is capable to access
disabled, without having to explain the reasons for their request. The plurality decision left open a future "as-applied" Constitutional challenge, however
Internet_filter
1989 United States Supreme Court case
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on the issues of prescriptive sex discrimination and employer
Price_Waterhouse_v._Hopkins
1978 United States Supreme Court case
and avoiding divisiveness overcame McDaniel's Free Exercise claim. The plurality disagreed: The essence of the rationale underlying the Tennessee restriction
McDaniel_v._Paty
1978 United States Supreme Court case
more limited than that which the plurality espouses, and for an additional reason not relied upon by the plurality." In a separate special concurrence
Lockett_v._Ohio
2021 United States Supreme Court case
vote, the Court reversed the Sixth Circuit's decision and remanded the case for review. The plurality decision was written by Justice Elena Kagan and joined
Borden_v._United_States
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
frequently the general election becomes a single-party election. Unlike a plurality voting system, a run-off system meets the Condorcet loser criterion in
Primary_election
2020 Supreme Court of Canada decision
the appeal from the decision of the Quebec Court of Appeal. On July 10, 2020, the Court released its judgment, with a 5–4 plurality holding that the Genetic
Reference re Genetic Non‑Discrimination Act
Reference_re_Genetic_Non‑Discrimination_Act
2003 United States Supreme Court case
Internet access. In a plurality decision written by Chief Justice Rehnquist, the Supreme Court reversed the District Court's decision, and affirmed the constitutionality
United States v. American Library Ass'n
United_States_v._American_Library_Ass'n
Prime Minister of Morocco since 2026
appointed Prime Minister of Morocco by King Mohammed VI after her party won a plurality of seats in the 2026 general election. Fatima Ezzahra El Mansouri was
Fatima_Ezzahra_El_Mansouri
1977 United States Supreme Court case
from living with her grandchild was unconstitutional. Writing for a plurality of the Court, Associate Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. ruled that the East
Moore v. City of East Cleveland
Moore_v._City_of_East_Cleveland
2008 United States Supreme Court case
Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35 (2008), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the constitutionality of a particular method of lethal
Baze_v._Rees
1973 Supreme Court of Canada case
three-justice plurality) and because they had "possession from time immemorial" (Justice Hall, writing for a separate three-justice plurality). Hall also
Calder v British Columbia (AG)
Calder_v_British_Columbia_(AG)
Supreme Court of Canada criminal law decision
Dunlop and Sylvester v The Queen is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on participating in a criminal act by aiding and abetting. The Court held
Dunlop and Sylvester v. The Queen
Dunlop_and_Sylvester_v._The_Queen
2020 United States Supreme Court case
Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 83 (2020), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires
Ramos_v._Louisiana
succinctly states the decision of the court; an opinion that briefly reports the court's conclusion, usu. without elaboration because the decision follows a well-established
Memorandum_opinion
1962 United States Supreme Court case
administrative decisions of the Tariff Commission under 28 U.S.C. § 1543, that they there not truly independent as required by Article III. In a plurality opinion
Glidden_Co._v._Zdanok
2020 United States Supreme Court case
plaintiffs in 2018. The Ninth Circuit's decision drew on Rapanos v. United States (2006), in which the plurality decision authored by Justice Antonin Scalia
County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
County_of_Maui_v._Hawaii_Wildlife_Fund
1981 United States Supreme Court case
and Credit Clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution. A plurality opinion by Justice Brennan, joined by three other justices, held that
Allstate Insurance Co. v. Hague
Allstate_Insurance_Co._v._Hague
1976 U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the death penalty
Carolina, and Roberts v. Louisiana, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. It reaffirmed the Court's acceptance
Gregg_v._Georgia
2005 United States Supreme Court case
opinion was joined by a majority of the court, leaving Part III with a plurality of only four justices signing on. The majority opinion held that under
Shepard_v._United_States
Government of Christian churches
united in the Anglican Communion, which has no governmental authority. A plurality of elders is considered desirable in some (esp. reformed) traditions,
Ecclesiastical_polity
Legal predicament
court Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts Plurality decision The citations in this article are written in Bluebook style. Please
Circuit_split
1950 United States Supreme Court case
and he was not able to participate in the decision. Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson wrote the plurality decision for the majority, joined by Associate Justices
American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
American_Communications_Ass'n_v._Douds
Supreme Court of Canada constitutional case
hearing, by the principles of fundamental justice. The judgment was an early decision under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and was also decided
Singh_v_Canada
Judge's written explanation of case judgment
Each slip opinion has the same elements as the bench opinion—majority or plurality opinion, concurrences or dissents, and a prefatory syllabus—but may contain
Judicial_opinion
National Poll: US Voters See No Clear Winner From Zelenskyy-Trump Meeting, Plurality Oppose US Withdrawal from NATO". Emerson College Polling. March 3, 2025
2026_United_States_elections
Use of multiple languages
needed] A study in 2012 has shown that using a foreign language reduces decision-making biases. It was surmised that the framing effect disappeared when
Multilingualism
1990 United States Supreme Court case
determined that a U.S. Supreme Court decision on the issue in Coolidge v. New Hampshire was a plurality decision and not binding precedent. Stewart outlined
Horton_v._California
Election of George H. W. Bush
election in which the Republican candidate won the support of a majority or plurality of women voters. This is the last presidential election in which the Rust
1988 United States presidential election
1988_United_States_presidential_election
Socio-linguistic concern
A more formal shift in the recognition of AAVE came in the "Ann Arbor Decision" of 1979 (Martin Luther King Junior Elementary School Children et al.,
African-American Vernacular English and social context
African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context
elections in Michigan The ruling in Newberry v. United States was a plurality decision only, and would be overturned in 1941 by United States v. Classic
1928 United States presidential election in Michigan
1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan
1966 United States Supreme Court case
decided by a plurality of justices led to controversy over whether it was controlling law until being superseded by Miller. This led to a decision in the 1977
Memoirs_v._Massachusetts
Vice President of the United States from 1969 to 1973
November 5, the Republicans were victorious, with a narrow popular vote plurality – 500,000 out of a total of 73 million votes cast. The Electoral College
Spiro_Agnew
1971 United States Supreme Court case
not support the damages awarded to Rosenbloom. The decision was made June 7, 1971 with a 5-3 decision. A byproduct of the First Amendment, the court had
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc.
Rosenbloom_v._Metromedia,_Inc.
1977 U.S. Supreme Court case prohibiting the use of capital punishment for adult rape
sentence. Justice White wrote the plurality opinion, on behalf of Justices Stewart, Blackmun, and Stevens. The plurality held that death was an unconstitutionally
Coker_v._Georgia
Non-parametric classification method
k-NN classifier, the output of which is a class membership decided by a plurality vote of its neighbors. k, an integer, is typically small; if k = 1, then
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Lower house of the Telangana Legislature
popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted
Telangana Legislative Assembly
Telangana_Legislative_Assembly
Second election of Donald Trump
Republicans' first time since 2004. Trump won the national popular vote with a plurality of 49.8%, making him the first Republican to win the popular vote since
2024 United States presidential election
2024_United_States_presidential_election
1986 United States Supreme Court case
to possess Little Bird of the Snow's Social Security number." By a plurality decision, it was remanded back to the Federal District Court for the Middle
Bowen_v._Roy
Highest court of jurisdiction in the U.S.
Whereas an opinion that fewer than half of the justices join is known as a "plurality opinion" and is only partially binding precedent. Concurring: a justice
Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
Government system where political power lies with the people
common mechanisms involve election of the candidate with a majority or a plurality of the votes. Most western countries have representative systems. Representatives
Democracy
Supreme Court of Canada criminal law case
Azoulay v The Queen, [1952] 2 S.C.R. 495, is a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada relating to the role of a trial judge in giving instructions to
Azoulay_v_The_Queen
Plurality of voices, opinions, and analyses in media systems
Media pluralism defines the state of having a plurality of voices, opinions, and analyses in media systems (internal pluralism) or the coexistence of
Media_pluralism
Federal parliament of Germany
to the President of Germany either to appoint the candidate with the plurality of votes as Chancellor or to dissolve the Bundestag and call new elections
Bundestag
1971 United States Supreme Court case
Sixth or Fourteenth Amendments. The Court's plurality opinion left the precise reasoning for the decision unclear. Joseph McKeiver and Edward Terry were
McKeiver_v._Pennsylvania
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
" There were calls for Bush's impeachment, though most polls showed a plurality of Americans would not support such an action. The arguments offered for
George_W._Bush
Election result affecting losing candidate
vulnerability to spoilers. In general, spoilers are common with plurality voting, somewhat common in plurality-runoff methods, rare with majoritarian methods, and
Spoiler_effect
1973 US Supreme Court decision on abortion, overruled 2022
decades to restrict abortion or overrule the decision; polls into the 21st century showed that a plurality and a majority, especially into the late 2010s
Roe_v._Wade
1970 United States Supreme Court case
Sixth Amendment, but the decision was split. Brennan's lead opinion for the case had plurality portions. First, his plurality of four justices rejected
Coleman_v._Alabama
gave Donald Trump 63.2% and Ted Cruz 60.1% of the vote in 2024 and is a plurality White district with a 31.3% Hispanic voting age population. Jessica Steinmann
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas
Index of articles associated with the same name
defeat strength, plurality is satisfied. Plurality is failed when margins is used. Minimax using pairwise opposition also fails plurality. When truncation
Voting_criteria
1989 United States Supreme Court case
focused on the plurality's desired narrowing of Roe as described in the section on the viability testing requirement. He wrote that the plurality's approach
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Webster_v._Reproductive_Health_Services
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
fail this criterion. Lesser-evil-voting is particularly prevalent in plurality-based voting systems like ranked choice voting (RCV), traditional runoffs
Sincere_favorite_criterion
1957 United States Supreme Court case
United States Constitution, in this case, trial by jury. Additionally, a plurality of the Court also reaffirmed the president’s ability to enter into international
Reid_v._Covert
Collective decision-making procedure
presidential Hackathon. The Hackathon projects revolved around 'Cooperative Plurality' – the concept of discovering the richness of diversity that is repressed
Quadratic_voting
2000 United States Supreme Court case
decision to deny non-parent visitation, as well as other decisions made by a parent regarding the care and custody of their children. The plurality held
Troxel_v._Granville
October 2025 to October 2026 opinions
the court's opinion denotes that it was only a majority in part or a plurality. An asterisk in a joining vote denotes that the justice joined it only
2025 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
2025_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
level, having not voted for a Democratic president since Bill Clinton's plurality victory in 1992. Recently, the state has also been trending red on a statewide
2026 United States Senate election in Montana
2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana
Legislature of the Palestinian Authority elected in 2006
the 3rd PLC to be held within six months from the date of publishing the decision in the Official Gazette. However, Hamas, which has controlled the Gaza
List of members of the 2nd Palestinian Legislative Council
List_of_members_of_the_2nd_Palestinian_Legislative_Council
conference in Bern that he had informed ministerial colleagues of his decision to step down on December 31. "Swiss President Guy Parmelin to step down
2026 national electoral calendar
2026_national_electoral_calendar
municipal elections. The three members of the Presidency are elected by plurality. In Republika Srpska voters elect the Serb representative, whilst in the
2026_Bosnian_general_election
1957 United States Supreme Court case
international treaties ratified by the United States Senate. According to the decision, the Court recognized the supremacy of the Constitution over a treaty,
Kinsella_v._Krueger
Rule established in an earlier legal case
a past decision unless there are strong grounds for doing so." Planned Parenthood of Se. Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, at 864 (1992) (plurality opinion):
Precedent
Calendar year
general election: The Patriotic Union, led by Brigitte Haas, retains its plurality of 10 seats in the Landtag. February 10 – A bus falls off a bridge over
2025
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PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
Boy/Male
British, English, Swedish
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision Ruler
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Truthful; Friendly; Good Person; Correct Decision Maker
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Norse, Swedish
Powerful Warrior; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
British, Danish, Dutch, English, German, Swedish
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision; Wise Protector
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Girl/Female
Hindu
You like to make your own decisions and to be the master of your domain
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nibedita | நீபேதீதா
You like to make your own decisions and to be the master of your domain
Nibedita | நீபேதீதா
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Endowed with Speech; Eloquent; Spokesperson; Talker; Speaker; Rational; Categorical (Decision)
Girl/Female
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
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