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Polyester family
Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms, including through bacterial fermentation of sugars or lipids
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
polymers, the biodegradability of additives requires attention. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a class of biodegradable plastic naturally produced by various
Biodegradable_polymer
Plastics derived from renewable biomass sources
production in microorganisms or genetically modified plants (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)). Nonbiodegradable bioplastics/drop-in bioplastics: bioplastics
Bioplastic
Polymer
Wu, Ho-Shing; Wei, Yu-Hong; Wang, Shaw S. (2007). "Solubility of polyhydroxyalkanoates by experiment and thermodynamic correlations". AIChE Journal. 53
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polymer produced by a living organism
cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids), melanin, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In addition to their many essential roles in living organisms
Biopolymer
Domain of microorganisms
nutrient storage granules, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Bacteria such as the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, produce internal
Bacteria
Species of bacterium
Paraburkholderia sacchari was found to be capable of creating and accumulating polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by incorporating different monomers. This strain was subject
Paraburkholderia_sacchari
Biodegradable polymer
polylactide (PLA), is a plastic material. As a thermoplastic polyester (or polyhydroxyalkanoate) it has the backbone formula (C 3H 4O 2) n or [–C(CH 3)HC(=O)O–]
Polylactic_acid
Genus of bacteria
the genus Azomonas are known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such
Azomonas
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
contain one ester linkage per repeat unit of the polymer, as in polyhydroxyalkanoates like polylactic acid, or they may have two ester linkages per repeat
Polyester
Ability of bacteria to break down plastic polymers
response to nutrient limitation and environmental stress. Although polyhydroxyalkanoates have a microbial origin and are often exploited for commercial use
Plastic degradation by marine bacteria
Plastic_degradation_by_marine_bacteria
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
"Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates". Microbiological Reviews. 54 (4): 450–472. doi:10.1128/MMBR.54
Cytoplasm
Catalase-positive bacterium
Recombinant strains pBE2C1 and pBE2C1AB were used in production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and malt waste can be used as their carbon source for lower-cost
Bacillus_subtilis
Chemical compound
stability Brittle Primitive mechanical properties Processing difficulty Polyhydroxyalkanoates Polyhydroxybutyrate Biodegradable plastics "Poly(3-hydroxybutyric
PHBV
Study of microscopic organisms (microbes)
hyaluronic acid, organic acids, oligosaccharides polysaccharide and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microorganisms are beneficial for microbial biodegradation or bioremediation
Microbiology
Form of disposable food packaging
putida can also convert styrene oil into various biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates. Some cities have banned the use of foam take-out containers, notably
Foam_food_container
Chemical compound
of the polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) or of homo- and copolymeric polyhydroxyalkanoates as aerobically biodegradable thermoplastics isolated from bacteria
Β-Butyrolactone
American biopolymer manufacturer
Scientific owns the patent for Nodax medium-chain-length branched polyhydroxyalkanoates, mcl-PHA. The company uses PHA and other biopolymers to create a
Danimer_Scientific
Aggregates of specific proteins in neurons and tissues
cells, and stomatal cells when plant tissue is properly stained. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are produced by bacteria as inclusion bodies. The size of
Inclusion_bodies
Species of bacterium
Yao J, Zhang G, Wu Q, Chen GQ, Zhang R (May 1999). "Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas nitroreducens". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 75 (4):
Pseudomonas_nitroreducens
Code identifying material, for recycling
alkane resin 84 PGA poly(glycolic acid) 85 PHA polyhydroxyalanoic or polyhydroxyalkanoates 86 PHB polyhydroxybutyric acid or polyhydroxybutyrate 87 PHBV
Recycling_codes
Species of bacterium
further engineered for one-carbon (C1) feedstock assimilation and polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation. Mohn, WW; Wilson, AE; Bicho, P; Moore, ER (Feb 1999)
Pseudomonas_vancouverensis
Type of organism
and transformation of intracellular polyphosphate reserves into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and glycogen during anoxic
Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms
Polyphosphate-accumulating_organisms
Genus of archaea
for bioproduction. H. mediterranei is a well-known producer of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a sustainable and biodegradable bioplastic. They have been studied
Haloferax
Endosymbiotic bacterium or fungus
Plant-endophytic bacteria interactions Abbreviations: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), volatile organic compounds (VOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive
Endophyte
Chemical compound
reductase, also known as PhaB, in a pathway that produces polyester polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). The reduction of acetoacetyl-coA by Pha creates (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Genus of bacteria
genus Acinetobacter are known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such
Acinetobacter
Type of microbe that accumulates lipid as a normal part of its metabolism
may accumulate an array of different lipid compounds, including polyhydroxyalkanoates, triacylglycerols, and wax esters. Various microorganisms, including
Oleaginous_microorganism
Species of bacterium
acids and store these simple carbon sources intracellularly as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). At the same time, intracellular polyphosphate is degraded
Accumulibacter_phosphatis
Plastics often used for making mechanical parts
as bioengineering polymers, biopolymers, or bioplastics) such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which
Engineering_plastic
Species of bacterium
destroyed to obtain it. In addition to its ability to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Cupriavidus necator can channel carbon derived from CO₂
Cupriavidus_necator
Species of bacterium
environmental pollutant. D. acidovorans can be used to manufacture polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a favorable alternative towards traditional plastic equipment
Delftia_acidovorans
Species of bacterium
{{/*Complete Genome of Pseudomonas mendocina NK-01, Which Synthesizes Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Alginate Oligosaccharides*/}} v t e
Pseudomonas_mendocina
Species of bacterium
Candan; Orhon, Derin; Çakar, Z Petek (2005). "Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Microlunatus phosphovorus under various growth conditions". Journal
Microlunatus_phosphovorus
"Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates". Microbiological Reviews. 54 (4): 450–472. doi:10.1128/mr.54.4
Granule_(bacteria)
Thin tube for drinking liquids
plastic, but it requires very specific conditions to break down fully. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), derived from plant oil, is marine biodegradable. In 2021,
Drinking_straw
Species of bacterium
mediterranei, when grown under phosphate limitation, produces polyhydroxyalkanoates, a type of biodegradable thermoplastic currently commercially produced
Haloferax_mediterranei
Recycling waste into products of higher quality
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) to the Biodegradable Plastic PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoate)". Environmental Science & Technology. 42, 20 (2008), 7696–7701.
Upcycling
British-Indian materials scientist
2019, where she is Professor of Biomaterials. Roy investigates polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biocompatible, biodegradable polymers that are produced
Ipsita_Roy
Agricultural Science Company
that identified the elementary methods and means for engineering polyhydroxyalkanoates production in plants and bacteria, thus making them biodegradable
Yield10_Bioscience
Species of bacterium
PMID 25658680. Zuñiga, C; Morales, M; Revah, S (February 2013). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation by Methylobacterium organophilum CZ-2 during methane
Methylobacterium_organophilum
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
For example, many bacteria store excess carbon in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates or glycogen. Some microbes store soluble nutrients such as nitrate
Bacterial_cell_structure
Groups of bacteria living symbiotically
Egede; Skiadas, Ioannis V.; Gavala, Hariklia N. (2018). "Combined polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and 1,3-propanediol production from crude glycerol: Selective
Microbial_consortium
Species of bacterium
(1 November 2007). "Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens sp. nov., a polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating diazotroph isolated from a New Zealand pulp and paper
Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens
Novosphingobium_nitrogenifigens
Species of fungus
acquired the capability to produce natural plastics, namely PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates). For this purpose a new synthetic pathway had to be transferred
Arxula_adeninivorans
Genus of bacteria
succinate, butyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, valerate and 3-hydroxyvalerate. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters that can be used to make biodegradable and
Paucimonas
Species of bacterium
applications, particularly in the production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs). These biodegradable polymers have potential uses in
Pseudomonas_fluorescens
Diet to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
packages in the EU and was able to prevent oxygen from entering. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid (PLA) are examples of sustainable food packaging
Low-carbon_diet
Species of halotolerant archaea
200 nanometers thick. The archaea generally contain granules of polyhydroxyalkanoates and hold a number of refractive vacuoles filled with gas that ensure
Haloquadratum_walsbyi
Japanese chemical engineer
specializing in a type of biopolymer, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Noda developed medium-chain-length branched polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA). The most promising
Isao_Noda
Topics referred to by the same term
PHA may refer to: Phytohaemagglutinin, a type of lectin in plants Polyhydroxyalkanoate, natural polyesters Potentially hazardous asteroid Process hazard
PHA
Class of enzymes
of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Using Transgenic Plants Synthesizing Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Peroxisomes". Plant Physiology. 124 (3): 1159–1168. doi:10.1104/pp
Enoyl-CoA_hydratase
Genus of bacteria
energy is gained chemoorganotrophically from oxidation of PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), organic compounds previously synthesized through CO2 fixation
Beggiatoa
Chemical compound
Also, ammonium laurate is used in the extraction and recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polymers produced by various microorganisms
Ammonium_laurate
Species of bacteria
and colleagues were able to mutate the organism to hyper-produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). They were then able to recover the large amounts of PHA that
Alcanivorax_borkumensis
Genus of bacteria
Azotobacter are also known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such
Azotobacter
Species of bacterium
materials as a sustainable alternative. Biopolyesters, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics
Rhodovulum_sulfidophilum
Growing bacteria or viruses in iterations
Candry P, Winkler MH, Myung J (2023). "Resource availability governs polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and diversity of methanotrophic enrichments from
Serial_passage
Species of bacterium
Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-68233-4. Volova, Tatiana (2004). Polyhydroxyalkanoates--plastic materials of the 21st century : production, properties
Streptomyces_exfoliatus
Species of Halobacteria
organisms that survive in high temperatures, in the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable polymers that may help replace petrochemical
Halorubrum_ezzemoulense
Genus of bacteria
KH (December 2022). "Valorization of agro-industrial wastes into polyhydroxyalkanoates-rich single-cell proteins to enable a circular waste-to-feed economy"
Zobellella_denitrificans
Strain of bacteria
Hiromi; Takeharu, Tsuge; Kouhei, Mizuno (2014). "Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthases from Halomonas sp. O-1 and Halomonas elongata DSM2581:
GFAJ-1
Species of bacterium
S., et al. (2005). Malikia granosa gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate- and polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated
Malikia_granosa
Genus of archaea
Egypt, was not cultured until 2004. The cells typically contain polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules, as well as large numbers of refractile, gas-filled
Haloquadratum
Mexican bioengineer
produce high-value extracellular proteins and biopolymers like polyhydroxyalkanoates. Her main research and collaborative projects include: Monitoring
Sonia_Arriaga
Species of bacterium
lead to the isolation of the first known strain of V. paradoxus. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), including poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (3-PHB), are stored intracellularly
Variovorax_paradoxus
Buffer zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems
light sensors. Halophilic bacteria could also be used to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) which are biodegradable, water resistant thermoplastics. Both
Tropical_salt_pond_ecosystem
Korean-American engineering professor (1933–2021)
Cooney and S. R. Tannenbaum) "Improved detergent-based recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)" (2011, with Yung-Han Yang, Christopher Brigham, Laura Willis
ChoKyun_Rha
American civil engineer
which can once again be converted into a biodegradable plastic (Polyhydroxyalkanoates). She launched the company Mango Materials in 2010, which was named
Molly_Morse
Chemical compound
Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlA enzyme is involved in rhamnolipid and polyhydroxyalkanoate production". J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32 (11–12): 675–7. doi:10
Rhamnolipid
isolated in Antarctica and is known for producing the polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that helps with bacterial survival and other biodegradable
Pseudomonas_extremaustralis
Species of bacterium
(September 2011). "Plasticicumulans acidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating gammaproteobacterium from a sequencing-batch bioreactor"
Plasticicumulans_acidivorans
Genus of bacteria
chilensis sp. nov., a chlorophenol-degrading bacterium that accumulates polyhydroxyalkanoate, and transfer of Sphingomonas alaskensis to Sphingopyxis alaskensis
Sphingopyxis_chilensis
Species of bacteria
imaging shows the intracellular production and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyphosphate granules within specific storage regions during
Paracoccus_pantotrophus
compounds (carotenoids, polyenic carotenoid ester), wax esters (WE), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and free hydroxylated fatty acids (HFAs). Das, Nilanjana;
Hydrocarbonoclastic_bacteria
Aspect of DNA sequences
nifHDK operon (involved in nitrogen fixation) Genes involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis (Carbon storage; possibly used for when resources are low)
Borg_(microbiology)
characterization of (R)-specific enoyl coenzyme A hydratase involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis by Aeromonas caviae". Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (3):
Enoyl-CoA_hydratase_2
Class of enzymes
coenzyme A hydratase involved in biosynthesis of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinant Escherichia coli" (PDF). Journal of Bacteriology
Oxepin-CoA_hydrolase
Genus of bacteria
A (December 2002). "Tistrella mobilis gen nov, sp nov, a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium belonging to alpha-Proteobacteria". The Journal
Tistrella
Specialized materials engineered from natural or synthetic fibers
and are combined to create high quality polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), silk, and bacterial cellulose polymers. Afterwards, these
Biotextile
Species of bacterium
Kampfer (2005). ""Malikia Granosa" Gen. Nov., sp. nov., a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate- and polyphoosphate- accumulating bacterium isolated from activated
Macromonas_bipunctata
Genus of bacteria
"Kineosphaera limosa gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Gram-positive polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating coccus isolated from activated sludge". International
Kineosphaera
Material scientist and biomaterial engineer
A.K. (2020). "Review of recent advances on biodegradability of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastics and their green composites". Green Chemistry, 22(17)
Amar_K._Mohanty
Ecological effect
Candry P, Winkler MH, Myung J (2023). "Resource availability governs polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and diversity of methanotrophic enrichments from
Early-bird_effect
as for graphene. An unrelated material called PHA/graphene is a polyhydroxyalkanoate graphene composite. Wang, Zhenhai; Zhou, Xiang-Feng; Zhang, Xiaoming;
Phagraphene
British biochemist (1925–2023)
Hull's biomedical research unit from 1981 to 1992, he led its work on polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics, which led to the commercialisation of Biopol by ICI
Edwin_A._Dawes
South Korean materials scientist
Madalena M.; Vicente, António A. (December 2020). "Factors affecting polyhydroxyalkanoates biodegradation in soil". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 182
Chang-Sik_Ha
Organisms that assimilate formate or formic acid
denitrification process. It is a model microorganism studied for production of polyhydroxyalkanoate, a compound of interest in bioplastic engineering. It has been gaining
Formatotrophs
Auxiliadora (2011-07-01). "Controlled autolysis facilitates the polyhydroxyalkanoate recovery in Pseudomonas putida KT2440". Microbial Biotechnology 4(4):
Phi11_holin_family
Genus of bacteria
Yokota, Akira (2002). "Tistrella mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium belonging to .ALPHA.-Proteobacteria". The Journal
Tistrella_mobilis
POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES
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Girl/Female
Tamil
Charuhasa | சாரà¯à®¹à®¸
Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Biblical
Having a dowry.
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who, Like the lotus is unsoiled, Achiever of perfection, Mentally victorious, Taken medicine
Boy/Male
Hindu
Deep red, Another name of Lord Shiva, Another name of Agni fire
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bhadrakaali | பதà¯à®°à®•à®¾à®²à¯€
Fierce form of Kali, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
English
River ford near a cliff.
Boy/Male
Hawaiian
warrior.
Girl/Female
Indian
First Ray of Sun; Sun
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lotus
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Hebron in Northumberland, which probably has the same origin as Hepburn.Czech : from the Biblical place name.
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