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Prenatal stress, also known as prenatal maternal stress, occurs when an expectant mother is exposed to psychosocial or physical stress. This can be brought
Prenatal_stress
Set of physiological feedback interactions
regulation in humans. Children who were stressed prenatally may show altered cortisol rhythms. Prenatal stress has also been implicated in a tendency toward
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis
Time of offspring development in mother's body
childhood. Importantly, prenatal stress does not inevitable cause mental health problems. Not all children who are exposed to prenatal adversity develop psychiatric
Pregnancy
Medical condition
20% of pregnant women are affected by this condition. Any form of prenatal stress felt by the mother can have negative effects on various aspects of
Antenatal_depression
Process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation
Prenatal development (from Latin natalis 'relating to birth') involves the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animal's gestation
Prenatal_development
Psychological theory
that "children exposed to prenatal stress may experience resilience driven by epigenome-wide interactions". Early life stress interactions with the epigenome
Diathesis–stress_model
Set of disorders affecting development of nervous system
possible causes include environmental factors such as prenatal stress, early developmental stress, and fetal exposure to toxicants; pollution, infections
Neurodevelopmental_disorder
Hormonal theory of sexuality
sex-typed behavior than is found in primates. Some studies do suggest that prenatal stress significantly increases the likelihood of homosexuality or bisexuality
Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation
Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation
Complex interplay of factors
birth defects. Prenatal risk factors include advanced parental age, maternal metabolic or autoimmune disorders, infections, and prenatal stress, while perinatal
Causes_of_autism
Medical approach emphasizing early-life environmental causes of disease
These factors include the role of prenatal and perinatal exposure to environmental factors, such as undernutrition, stress, environmental chemical, etc. This
Developmental origins of health and disease
Developmental_origins_of_health_and_disease
Risk factors related to schizophrenia
Environmental risk factors are many, and include pregnancy complications, prenatal stress and nutrition, and adverse childhood experiences. An environmental
Risk_factors_of_schizophrenia
Medical check-ups during pregnancy
Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare for pregnant women. It is provided in the form of medical checkups and
Prenatal_care
Field of study
decreased stress tolerance. Gene regulation as it relates to the HPA axis has been implicated in transgenerational stress effects. Environmental prenatal stress
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
Organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus
deadlines. Adverse experiences during development (e.g. prenatal exposure to maternal stress, poor attachment histories, sexual abuse) are thought to
Stress_(biology)
Testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening
Prenatal_testing
Term including multiple ways that genes and environments work together
Roseboom TJ, et al. (October 2020). "Prenatal stress and epigenetics". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. Prenatal Stress and Brain Disorders in Later Life
Gene-environment_interplay
Health psychologist
reproductive health, effects of prenatal stress on pregnancy and newborn health, and how mothers learn to cope with stress. Lobel holds the position of professor
Marci_Lobel
Shedding tears due to emotion or pain
homeostasis. Sheila Kitzinger found a correlation between the mother's prenatal stress level and later amount of crying by the infant. She also found a correlation
Crying
Medical syndrome
Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus
Prenatal_cocaine_exposure
Major ice storm that affected Eastern Canada and northeastern US in 1998
Storm (Projet Verglas) was created to monitor the long-term effect of prenatal stress. Researchers at McGill University set up the project in the immediate
January 1998 North American ice storm
January_1998_North_American_ice_storm
Physiological phenomenon of transfer of stress to foetus during pregnancy
of the impacts of maternal-foetal stress transfer. Prenatal stress Stress (biology) Social stress Psychosocial stress Cortisol Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal
Maternal fetal stress transfer
Maternal_fetal_stress_transfer
Dysfunction in one's ability to comprehend and respond to multiple sensory stimuli
aversion to tactile stimuli, and reduced habituation. In animal models, prenatal stress significantly increased tactile avoidance. Recent research has also
Sensory_processing_disorder
Movement disorders that appear in early childhood
discussed associations between prematurity, maternal illness, and prenatal stress in the development of congenital conditions. He noted that infants
Cerebral_palsy
Effects of stress on sleep patterns
fetus. Up until the age of 2 years, children who have been exposed to prenatal stress have shortened and disorganized sleeping patterns. During early childhood
Psychological stress and sleep
Psychological_stress_and_sleep
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
stressed parents. Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress
Memory
Medical condition
possible causes include environmental factors such as prenatal stress, early developmental stress, and fetal exposure to toxicants; pollution, infections
Mental_disorder
Etiology of psychopathology
van den Bree M, Hay DF, Thapar A (February 2010). "The links between prenatal stress and offspring development and psychopathology: disentangling environmental
Causes_of_mental_disorders
Psychology of the effects from pre-birth, during birth, and post-birth and events
Prenatal and perinatal psychology explores the psychological and psychophysiological effects and implications of the earliest experiences of the individual
Prenatal and perinatal psychology
Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology
British psychologist
Recent projects of interest include studies showing that maternal prenatal stress, depression or anxiety increases the probability for a range of adverse
Vivette_Glover
Overview of the prenatal care system in the United States of America
Prenatal care in the United States is a health care preventive care protocol recommended to women to provide regular check-ups that allow obstetricians-gynecologists
Prenatal care in the United States
Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States
Species of cartilaginous fish
Living Australia. Retrieved 2023-01-09. Guida, L (12 April 2017). "Prenatal stress from trawl capture affects mothers and neonates: a case study using
Trygonorrhina_dumerilii
American neuroscientist and molecular biologist
Aurora, Colorado. Her research centers on the role of parental, prenatal, and early life stress on the developing brain and subsequent behavior throughout
Tracy_Bale
Influence the environment on gene expression
manage stress during pregnancy. Meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises have been proven to lower stress hormone levels and can decrease prenatal depression
Environmental_epigenetics
Research tools for understanding depressive symptoms in non-human animals
individual differences in stress reactivity and vulnerability to disorders. Models of early life stress involve prenatal stress, early postnatal handling
Animal_models_of_depression
Dutch childhood development researcher
Marianne; De Vos, Willem M.; De Weerth, Carolina (2015-01-19). "Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant intestinal microbiota". Psychoneuroendocrinology
Carolina_de_Weerth
Academic journal
2021. "Economists go wild over overlooked citations in preprint on prenatal stress". Retraction Watch. May 26, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2021. Andrew
American_Economic_Review
Pseudonym of a group of mathematicians
2021. "Economists go wild over overlooked citations in preprint on prenatal stress". Retraction Watch. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2021. Andrew
Nicolas_Bourbaki
Professor of molecular microbiology and immunology
Georgia for her graduate studies, where she studied the impact of prenatal stress on the immune systems of rodents. She completed her doctoral research
Sabra_Klein
Psychological phenomenon
negative discipline techniques (e.g. spanking). Additional external stressors include prenatal drug exposure, such as maternal methamphetamine use, other maternal
Stress_in_early_childhood
Genes on human chromosome 3
affect regulation. A reduction in this gene is believed to lead to prenatal stress, postnatal depression, and social anxiety. Studies on OXTR methylation—which
Oxytocin_receptor
Quantitative study of size and shape
"Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress". Journal of Anatomy. 218 (2): 243–257. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010
Morphometrics
1969), neuroscientist and molecular biologist focusing on parental prenatal stress and its effect on offspring Cornelia Bargmann (born 1962), neurobiologist
List_of_women_neuroscientists
Hormone transfer in the womb
Prenatal Testosterone Transfer (also known as prenatal androgen transfer or prenatal hormone transfer) refers to the phenomenon in which testosterone synthesized
Prenatal testosterone transfer
Prenatal_testosterone_transfer
American psychologist (born 1957)
Bailey's dissertation research tested Günter Dörner's hypothesis that prenatal stress may cause homosexuality in male offspring, for which he failed to find
J._Michael_Bailey
Prenatal organism between the embryonic state and birth
Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing
Fetus
RNA family
dysmasculinised second generation males following the introduction of prenatal stress factors. Sexual dimorphisms in the brain are altered and there is female-like
Mir-873 microRNA precursor family
Mir-873_microRNA_precursor_family
Hypothesis that prenatal conditions shape long-term health and related outcomes
epigenetics, and economics. While many studies report associations between prenatal conditions (often proxied by birth weight or gestational exposures) and
Fetal_origins_hypothesis
System of non-parental temporary child-care
compared to 10% and were found to have a higher rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than combat veterans with 25% of those studied having PTSD
Foster_care
Language disorder marked by delayed language development
to experience language delays. Stress during pregnancy is associated with language delay. High levels of prenatal stress can result in poorer general intellectual
Language_delay
Heritable characteristics affecting sleep
Bastianini S (October 2020). "Stress & sleep: A relationship lasting a lifetime". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. Prenatal Stress and Brain Disorders in
Sleep_epigenetics
Hormone released by the pineal gland
administration has also shown antioxidant and immune-modulatory regime in prenatally stressed offspring helping them survive the crucial first days of their lives
Melatonin
Swedish economist
citations in preprint on prenatal stress". Retraction Watch. Retrieved 2021-08-07. Matsumoto, Brett (2018). "Family Ruptures, Stress, and the Mental Health
Petra_Persson
Ability to mentally cope with a crisis
play a significant role in resilience, helping individuals recover from stress and build enduring social resources. People can enhance their resilience
Psychological_resilience
Medical condition
prenatally weighed 40% less than the control group at birth (intrauterine growth retardation). When fed a high-fat diet after birth, the prenatally undernourished
Protein–energy_malnutrition
Mental condition
Gerard H.A.; Buitelaar, Jan K. (2002). "Psychological Measures of Prenatal Stress as Predictors of Infant Temperament". Journal of the American Academy
Pregnancy-related_anxiety
Type of dendrite found at the apex of cortical pyramidal cell pathways
sensitive to experiences in development including stress episodes or drugs. Studies have shown that prenatal stress reduces complexity, length, and spine frequency
Apical_dendrite
American neuroscientist, philosopher, and public health researcher
neuroscience with clinical obstetrics, researching the effects of prenatal stress and fetal programming. He collaborated extensively with Michael L.
Jay_Schulkin
Neuroscientist, psychotherapist and researcher
September 2011). "Fluoxetine during Development Reverses the Effects of Prenatal Stress on Depressive-Like Behavior and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adolescence"
Jodi_Pawluski
Weight of a human neonate at birth
food-distribution systems, stress reduction and social service supports. Infant mortality Low birth-weight paradox MOMO syndrome Prenatal nutrition Thrifty phenotype
Birth_weight
Positioning of the body of a foetus as it develops
position (British English: also foetal) is the positioning of the body of a prenatal fetus as it develops. In this position, the back is curved, the head is
Fetal_position
Israeli geneticist and bioinformatician
(SIDS). According to this theory, the accumulation of perinatal and prenatal stressors has neurotoxic effects with consequences to one's health. In the field
Eran_Elhaik
Sampling of amniotic fluid done mainly to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities
primarily in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions. It has other uses such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity. Prenatal diagnostic
Amniocentesis
Mood disorder experienced after childbirth
depression, bipolar disorder, a family history of depression, psychological stress, complications of childbirth, lack of support, or a drug use disorder. Diagnosis
Postpartum_depression
Nutrition of the mother during pregnancy
Prenatal nutrition addresses nutrient recommendations before and during pregnancy. Nutrition and weight management before and during pregnancy has a profound
Prenatal_nutrition
Identical twins sharing the same amniotic sac in the womb
Mono Twins". Twin Pregnancy and Beyond. Shulman LS, van Vugt JM (2006). Prenatal medicine. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. p. 447. ISBN 0-8247-2844-0
Monoamniotic_twins
Childcare concept
requirements can be separated into three distinct phases of dietary development: prenatal, breast or formula feeding, and complementary diet. Maternal factors such
First_1,000_days
American psychiatrist
(2) inundation with bodily matter during fetal growth, (3) the stress of the prenatal period, and (4) the release of birth. Various neuroses are mapped
Stanislav_Grof
Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasound in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual
Obstetric_ultrasonography
Extinct genus of mammal
One juvenile P. germanicus specimen is known to show signs of major prenatal stress in the form of enamel hypoplasia found in a deciduous postcanine tooth
Prosantorhinus
Study of developmental anomalies
longer on the market, but many other generic alternatives are available. Prenatal exposure to isotretinoin can cause neurocognitive impairment in some children
Teratology
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone. Cortisol
Cortisol
Pregnancy termination based on predicted sex
prevent sex selective abortion. In India, prenatal sex determination is regulated under the Pre-conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of
Sex-selective_abortion
Theory that suggests environmental factors during fetal development affect disease risks
hormones and genetics. The mother's mood, including maternal prenatal anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy correlates with altered outcomes for the
Fetal_programming
HippoCampus
prematurity. These animals studies have found that postnatal care to prenatally stressed animals can reverse the adverse effects of glucocorticoid signaling
Glucocorticoids in hippocampal development
Glucocorticoids_in_hippocampal_development
Subfield in evolutionary biology
Press. pp. 129. ISBN 978-0-674-00463-4. Torche, F (February 2012). "Prenatal stress, gestational age and secondary sex ratio: the sex-specific effects
Human_reproductive_ecology
Intensive care for newborn infants
An NICU can be stressful for the staff as well. A special aspect of NICU stress for both parents and staff is that infants may survive, but with damage
Neonatal_intensive_care_unit
American public health researcher
Environmental Phthalate Exposure, Oxidative Stress, and Preterm Birth (Thesis thesis). hdl:2027.42/107336. "Webinar on prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemical
Kelly_K._Ferguson
Medical test on pregnant women
A contraction stress test (CST) is performed near the end of pregnancy (34 weeks' gestation) to determine how well the fetus will cope with the contractions
Contraction_stress_test
Screening test used in pregnancy
which may include a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile. Biophysical profile Cardiotocography Contraction stress test Neonatology : management
Nonstress_test
DNA-like molecule in the human body
several mechanisms. MicroRNA Morgan CP, Bale TL (August 2011). "Early prenatal stress epigenetically programs dysmasculinization in second-generation offspring
Mir-322 microRNA precursor family
Mir-322_microRNA_precursor_family
American behavior geneticist
maximizing opportunities: Maternal characteristics moderate multifactorial prenatal stress in the prediction of birth weight in a sample of children adopted at
Jenae_Neiderhiser
Effects of drug consumption during pregnancy
eliminating sedating effects. Currently, there is a lack of association between prenatal antihistamine exposure and birth defects. Antihistamines during pregnancy
Drugs_in_pregnancy
Prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being
A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, with the score being termed Manning's score
Biophysical_profile
Anti-LGBTQ conspiracy theory
to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during gestation can interfere with prenatal hormones and consequently sex differentiation of the brain. This has led
LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory
LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory
prenatally with testosterone propionate, the mean number of mounts increased. This increase in male-typical reproductive behavior shows that prenatal
Organizational-Activational Hypothesis
Organizational-Activational_Hypothesis
Measure of the age of a pregnancy
Estimated date of delivery Scheduling prenatal care Estimation of fetal viability Calculating the results of various prenatal tests, (for example, in the triple
Gestational_age
American physician and medical researcher (1901–1991)
medicine, and research on the effects of psychological stress on the human body, particularly during prenatal development. Sontag played a foundational role in
Lester_W._Sontag
perceived stress during the prenatal period have found that adherence to cultural norms can strengthen familial harmony, reducing maternal stress, which
Childbirth_in_China
Slit-like space in the septum pellucidum
corpus callosum, and laterally by the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. In prenatal development of the fetus, the laminae of the septum pellucidum separate
Cave_of_septum_pellucidum
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
related to prenatal genetic testing or preimplantation genetic diagnosis to ensure a child is not born with a given disease. For example, prenatal testing
Huntington's_disease
Effects of pollution on the brain
The effects of pollution on the brain are felt throughout the lifespan. Prenatal exposure to pollution is associated with an increased risk of negative
Brain_health_and_pollution
Health of women during pregnancy, child birth, and the postpartum period
encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience
Maternal_health
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) Acute stress disorder Adjustment disorders Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
List_of_mental_disorders
Concept of "essence" in Chinese medicine
everyday stresses including excessive mental pressure, physical activity and/or force including illness, substance abuse and sexual intemperance. Prenatal jing
Jing_(Chinese_medicine)
Pregnancy monitoring test
health and pollution Nutrition environmental toxicants in pregnancy prenatal Prenatal depression Immunization Concomitant conditions Anemia Hypertension
Cardiotocography
Medical condition
mistrust and stress experienced further intensifies maternal disparities, leading to poorer health outcomes and discouragement from receiving prenatal and postnatal
Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
Childbirth-related_post-traumatic_stress_disorder
Birth defect of the spinal cord
baby, there is the risk of preterm birth. Broadly, there are two forms of prenatal treatment. The first is open fetal surgery, where the uterus is opened
Spina_bifida
American businesswoman and author (born 1984)
released an exercise DVD titled @ Home with Hilaria Baldwin: Fit Mommy-to-Be Prenatal Yoga. Alec appears during a five-minute "bonus section". In June 2014,
Hilaria_Baldwin
Impact on human intelligence
Nutrition has been shown to affect intelligence prenatally and postnatally. The idea that prenatal nutrition may affect intelligence comes from Barker's
Causes_of_intelligence
Non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living organism
parent are called de novo mutations. The consensus on whether certain prenatal spontaneous mutations and genetic disorders that occur as a result of meiotic
Acquired_characteristic
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