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Topics referred to by the same term
Probabilistic argument may refer to: Probabilistic argument, any argument involving probability theory Probabilistic method, a method of non-constructive
Probabilistic_argument
Probabilistic argumentation refers to different formal frameworks pertaining to probabilistic logic. All share the idea that qualitative aspects can be
Probabilistic_argumentation
Doomsday scenario on human births
The doomsday argument (DA), or Carter catastrophe, is a probabilistic argument that aims to predict the total number of humans who will ever live. It
Doomsday_argument
Applications of logic under uncertainty
Probabilistic logic (also probability logic and probabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations.
Probabilistic_logic
Argument for the existence of God
teleological argument (from τέλος, telos, 'end, aim, goal'), also known as physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument, is
Teleological_argument
Nonconstructive method for mathematical proofs
In mathematics, the probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erdős, for proving the existence
Probabilistic_method
Probabilistic causation is a concept in a group of philosophical theories that aim to characterize the relationship between cause and effect using the
Probabilistic_causation
Evidence that either supports or counters a scientific theory
Science – Systematic endeavour to gain knowledge Probabilistic causation Probabilistic argumentation Probabilistic logic – Applications of logic under uncertainty
Scientific_evidence
Estimate of extraterrestrial civilizations
The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy
Drake_equation
normal numbers, based on (b), involves additional arguments. All known proofs use probabilistic arguments. Dvoretzky's theorem which states that high-dimensional
List of probabilistic proofs of non-probabilistic theorems
List_of_probabilistic_proofs_of_non-probabilistic_theorems
Legal standard of proof
would hold it, offering little additional guidance. A third, so-called "probabilistic" approach suggests adopting a numerical threshold (e.g., 90% or 95%
Reasonable_doubt
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
equivalent formalisms, including Markov chains, denoising diffusion probabilistic models, noise conditioned score networks, and stochastic differential
Diffusion_model
French polymath (1623–1662)
known in the original as the Discourse on the Machine, a fideistic probabilistic argument for why one should believe in God. In that year, he also wrote an
Blaise_Pascal
Methodology for evaluating risks
and tsunami, fire, and terrorist attacks, and are treated as a probabilistic argument. Changing historical context shall condition the probability of
Probabilistic_risk_assessment
Concept in quantum mechanics of perfectly substitutable particles
consequences in statistical mechanics, where calculations rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied
Indistinguishable_particles
Conjecture on zeros of the zeta function
reached the region of typical behavior of the zeta function. Denjoy's probabilistic argument for the Riemann hypothesis is based on the observation that if μ(x)
Riemann_hypothesis
Topics referred to by the same term
Disadvantage, an off-case argument used by the Negative team in a policy debate Doomsday argument, a probabilistic argument based on demographics predicting
DA
Legal concept in US law
which the Fourth Amendment heavily relied, was impacted by James Otis's argument. A case against general warrants was the English case Entick v. Carrington
Probable_cause
Objection to the doomsday argument
(SIA) represents one of the major objections to the doomsday argument (DA). The doomsday argument states that humanity is unlikely to survive for long, as
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal
Method of statistical inference
probability Information field theory Principle of maximum entropy Probabilistic causation Probabilistic programming "Bayesian". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
Bayesian_inference
Argument for the existence of God
The argument from degrees, also known as the degrees of perfection argument or the henological argument, is an argument for the existence of God first
Argument_from_degree
Attempt to refute the doomsday argument
reference class of probabilistic speculations it is 95% certain that it will be refuted before the year 2500. If the doomsday argument is not itself subject
Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal
randomization, and then to use probabilistic arguments to bound the increase in cost due to the rounding (following the probabilistic method from combinatorics)
Randomized_rounding
Method in artificial intelligence
Knowledge representation and reasoning Paraconsistent logic Probabilistic argumentation See Dung (1995) See Besnard and Hunter (2001) see Bench-Capon
Argumentation_framework
Estimated global human population
1983, astrophysicist Brandon Carter developed the Doomsday Argument, a probabilistic argument that postulates it is unlikely for humans born today to be
Human_population_projections
non-constructive probabilistic existence proofs into efficient deterministic algorithms that explicitly construct the desired object. Often, the probabilistic method
Method of conditional probabilities
Method_of_conditional_probabilities
Study of correct reasoning
arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory
Logic
Obligation on a party to prove their case
In a legal dispute, one party has the burden of proof to show that they are correct, while the other party has no such burden and is presumed to be correct
Burden_of_proof_(law)
Even integers as sums of two primes
consists entirely of primes. A very crude version of the heuristic probabilistic argument (for the strong form of the Goldbach conjecture) is as follows.
Goldbach's_conjecture
reasoning that undermines an argument's support for its conclusion. In academic usage, the term usually applies to arguments, although it is sometimes used
List_of_fallacies
Type of argument
abductive, probabilistic, etc. The study of argumentation schemes (under various names) dates back to the time of Aristotle, and today argumentation schemes
Argumentation_scheme
Life that does not originate on Earth
for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial
Extraterrestrial_life
updated when there is unanticipated new data? Doomsday argument: How valid is the probabilistic argument that claims to predict the future lifetime of the
List of unsolved problems in statistics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics
Collection of possible string theory vacua
to predict the magnitude of the cosmological constant based on probabilistic arguments. Other attempts[which?] have been made to apply similar reasoning
String_theory_landscape
Reasoning for mathematical statements
at least one. A probabilistic proof is not to be confused with an argument that a theorem is 'probably' true, a 'plausibility argument'. The work toward
Mathematical_proof
Mixing of fluids due to eddy currents
are mixed by random motion of individual molecules. By a purely probabilistic argument, the net flux of molecules from high concentration area to low concentration
Eddy_diffusion
Field of machine learning
frameworks (e.g., temporal-logic specifications, reward machines, and probabilistic argumentation). exploration in large Markov decision processes entity-based
Reinforcement_learning
Mathematics of real numbers and real functions
event has zero probability: it can be essentially excluded from any probabilistic argument. The monotone convergence theorem, Fatou's lemma, dominated convergence
Real_analysis
Canadian philosopher and writer (born 1940)
this world have an intrinsic desire for the good Doomsday argument – a probabilistic argument that claims to predict number of future members of the human
John_A._Leslie
Miracles attributed to Jesus
the resurrection of Jesus as the central miracle in a cumulative probabilistic argument based on multiple lines of historical testimony. Healing the mother
Miracles_of_Jesus
In mathematics, dependent random choice is a probabilistic technique that shows how to find a large set of vertices in a dense graph such that every small
Dependent_random_choice
Process of identifying causality
not knowing what caused the stick to move. Probabilistic causation Probabilistic argumentation Probabilistic logic Falcon, Andrea (2015-01-01). "Aristotle
Causal_reasoning
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
whether a specific argument is fallacious often depends on the content rather than the form of the argument. An example is a probabilistically valid instance
Fallacy
Method of logical reasoning
refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree
Inductive_reasoning
Chemical reaction with a single step and transition state
dilute fluids equivalent results have been obtained from simple probabilistic arguments. According to collision theory the probability of three chemical
Elementary_reaction
2010 BBC documentary
BBC Four television documentary about that equation, which is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial
The Search for Life: The Drake Equation
The_Search_for_Life:_The_Drake_Equation
Number measuring the chance an event occurs
to determine pricing and make trading decisions. Governments apply probabilistic methods in environmental regulation, entitlement analysis, and financial
Probability
Form of reasoning
science Syllogism – Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning Subjective logic – Type of probabilistic logic Theory of justification – Concept
Deductive_reasoning
Algebra describing information processing
Random variables with values in information algebras represent probabilistic argumentation systems (Haenni, Kohlas & Lehmann 2000). Semantic information
Information_algebra
Sparse graph with strong connectivity
the existence of graphs with good expansion properties through probabilistic arguments. In fact, the existence of expanders was first proved by Pinsker
Expander_graph
English philosopher and Christian apologist (born 1934)
The Resurrection of God Incarnate, Richard Swinburne presents a probabilistic argument concluding that the evidence makes it highly likely that Jesus was
Richard_Swinburne
Probability theorem on no events occurring
\left(1-{\frac {1}{d+1}}\right)^{d}.} As is often the case with probabilistic arguments, this theorem is nonconstructive and gives no method of determining
Lovász_local_lemma
Algorithm in computational number theory
algorithm as O ( b − a ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {b-a}})} , using a probabilistic argument based on the assumption that f {\displaystyle f} acts pseudorandomly
Pollard's_kangaroo_algorithm
Method of deriving conclusions
parts of formal logic, serving as the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with true premises follows a rule of inference then the conclusion
Rule_of_inference
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
thermal radiation field. This is why he had to resort to Boltzmann's probabilistic arguments. Planck's law may be regarded as fulfilling the prediction of Gustav
Planck's_law
Branch of statistics
squares regression Pathogenesis Pathology Probabilistic causation Probabilistic argumentation Probabilistic logic Regression analysis Transfer entropy
Causal_inference
Process of drawing correct inferences
Such an argument is called a valid argument, for example: all men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal. For valid arguments, it is
Logical_reasoning
Theorem of convex functions
derivations, however, it is worth analyzing an intuitive graphical argument based on the probabilistic case where X is a real number (see figure). Assuming a hypothetical
Jensen's_inequality
mnemonic as well. Empirical relationship Heuristic Probabilistic method Rule of thumb "Heuristic argument". The Prime Glossary. Retrieved October 21, 2019
Heuristic_argument
cryptography, averaging argument is a standard argument for proving theorems. It usually allows us to convert probabilistic polynomial-time algorithms
Averaging_argument
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
SAP: there would be no option for such a universe not to support life. Probabilistic predictions of parameter values can be made given: a particular multiverse
Anthropic_principle
Intelligence of machines
action (it is not "deterministic"). It must choose an action by making a probabilistic guess and then reassess the situation to see if the action worked. Alongside
Artificial_intelligence
legislative body, π is simply the Shapley-Shubik power index, based on a probabilistic argument (). Example 1. College ranking by applicants’ acceptance Suppose
Authority_distribution
Thermodynamic theorem
of the 19th century to more and more probabilistic arguments about the nature of thermodynamics. The probabilistic view of thermodynamics culminated in
H-theorem
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
logic abduction compared to probabilistic abduction is that both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty about the input argument probabilities can be explicitly
Abductive_reasoning
Processing of natural language by a computer
systems, which are also more costly to produce. the larger such a (probabilistic) language model is, the more accurate it becomes, in contrast to rule-based
Natural_language_processing
Cryptographic proof technique
polynomial in the security parameter n. Define the advantage of any probabilistic efficient (polynomial-bounded time) algorithm A as A d v H i , H i +
Hybrid argument (cryptography)
Hybrid_argument_(cryptography)
Philosophical question
in others. The evidential problem of evil (also referred to as the probabilistic or inductive version of the problem) seeks to show that the existence
Problem_of_evil
Philosophical argument
and emphasizes that "if Plantinga's argument fails here, then he will not have shown that [N&E] is probabilistically incoherent." Also, given how expensive
Evolutionary argument against naturalism
Evolutionary_argument_against_naturalism
Concept of philosophy and logic used to express modal claims
worlds are also a notion used in the setting of uncertain databases and probabilistic databases, which serve as a succinct representation of a large number
Possible_world
A generalized probabilistic theory (GPT) is a general framework to describe the operational features of arbitrary physical theories. A GPT must specify
Generalized probabilistic theory
Generalized_probabilistic_theory
Form of incorrect argument in natural language
information. Fallacies are probabilistically weak arguments, i.e. they have a low probability on the Bayesian model. Whether an argument constitutes a fallacy
Informal_fallacy
Puzzle in logic and mathematics
Nickerson, Raymond S.; Falk, Ruma (2006-05-01). "The exchange paradox: Probabilistic and cognitive analysis of a psychological conundrum". Thinking & Reasoning
Two_envelopes_problem
Process of comparing two entities to determine preference
alternatives: "x = y" or "xIy" In terms of modern psychometric theory probabilistic models, which include Thurstone's approach (also called the law of comparative
Pairwise comparison (psychology)
Pairwise_comparison_(psychology)
Measure for evaluating probabilistic forecasts
interpreted as a loss or a reward for the forecaster. Scoring rules assess probabilistic predictions or forecasts, i.e. predictions of the whole probability
Scoring_rule
Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) is a statistical relational learning (SRL) framework for modeling probabilistic and relational domains. It is applicable
Probabilistic_soft_logic
Metaphysical question
the previous effect, with this causal chain (either deterministic or probabilistic) extending infinitely back in time. Philosopher Stephen Law has said
Why_is_there_anything_at_all?
Position combining atheism and agnosticism
of evidential standards, the burden of proof, negative atheism, or probabilistic degrees of belief rather than as a simple claim of certainty or denial
Agnostic_atheism
Syllogism with conditional premise(s)
In classical logic, a hypothetical syllogism is a valid argument form, a deductive syllogism with a conditional statement for one or both of its premises
Hypothetical_syllogism
Drawings of dense graphs have many crossings
To obtain the actual crossing number inequality, we now use a probabilistic argument. We let 0 < p < 1 be a probability parameter to be chosen later
Crossing_number_inequality
Riveret, Y. Gao, G. Governatori, A. Rotolo, J. Pitt, G. Sartor. A probabilistic argumentation framework for reinforcement learning agents. Autonomous agents
Norm (artificial intelligence)
Norm_(artificial_intelligence)
Material supporting an assertion
Theories of the evidential relation examine the nature of this connection. Probabilistic approaches hold that something counts as evidence if it increases the
Evidence
Class of statistical modeling methods
segmentation in computer vision. CRFs are a type of discriminative undirected probabilistic graphical model. Lafferty, McCallum and Pereira define a CRF on observations
Conditional_random_field
Imperialis Petropolitanae. 16: 71–90. Daniel Bernoulli, who accepted the probabilistic argument that 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + · · · = 1⁄2, noticed that by inserting 0s into
History_of_Grandi's_series
If there are more items than boxes holding them, one box must contain at least two items
to put them into. This seemingly obvious statement, a type of counting argument, can be used to demonstrate possibly unexpected results. For example, given
Pigeonhole_principle
In mathematics, probabilistic metric spaces are a generalization of metric spaces where the distance no longer takes values in the non-negative real numbers
Probabilistic_metric_space
Industry concept of crude oil and natural gas reserves and resources
economic data and are inherently uncertain, typically expressed using probabilistic methods. As additional information becomes available or as economic
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification
Physics of many interacting particles
which we follow every motion by the calculus." — J. Clerk Maxwell "Probabilistic mechanics" might today seem a more appropriate term, but "statistical
Statistical_mechanics
Relationship where one statement follows from another
statement logically follows from one or more statements. A valid logical argument is one in which the conclusion is entailed by the premises, because the
Logical_consequence
Steps in reasoning
demonstrated by the Watson selection task. Another example, involving probabilistic reasoning, is the conjunction fallacy, where people judge a conjunction
Inference
Awareness of facts
strength of the source of the justification. It distinguishes between probabilistic and apodictic knowledge. The distinction between a priori and a posteriori
Declarative_knowledge
Paradox involving infinity
The Grim Reaper paradox is a philosophical argument involving an infinite sequence of Grim Reapers, each tasked with killing a person if no reaper has
Grim_Reaper_paradox
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
divergence. The argument is not a proof, however, because it assumes that Hailstone sequences are assembled from uncorrelated probabilistic events. (It does
Collatz_conjecture
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
positive). Both quantities are, therefore, connected by Bayes' theorem. The probabilistic interpretation allows to easily derive how a no-skill classifier would
Precision_and_recall
Branch of discrete mathematics
order. It is an advanced generalization of the pigeonhole principle. In probabilistic combinatorics, the questions are of the following type: what is the
Combinatorics
Mathematical formula for the number of Young tableaux
imply the hook length formula. Greene, Nijenhuis, and Wilf found a probabilistic proof using the hook walk in which the hook lengths appear naturally
Hook_length_formula
Essay by British philosopher Bertrand Russell
first cause at all. The natural law argument is rejected on the grounds that quantum physics produces a probabilistic rather than law-like picture, that
Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christian
Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood
than one. Almost all arguments involving the Drake equation suffer from the overconfidence effect, a common error of probabilistic reasoning about low-probability
Fermi_paradox
Paradox arising from the question of what constitutes evidence for a statement
to the inductive interpretation of the calculus of probability. All probabilistic support is purely deductive: that part of a hypothesis that is not deductively
Raven_paradox
Question regarding language and thought
Hypothesis and Probabilistic Inference: Evidence from the Domain of Color" seeks to clarify the argument through the lens of probabilistic inference. The
Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Kent and Sussex)
English (mainly Kent and Sussex) : from the Middle English personal name Pain(e), Payn(e) (Old French Paien, from Latin Paganus), introduced to Britain by the Normans. The Latin name is a derivative of pagus ‘outlying village’, and meant at first a person who lived in the country (as opposed to Urbanus ‘city dweller’), then a civilian as opposed to a soldier, and eventually a heathen (one not enrolled in the army of Christ). This remained a popular name throughout the Middle Ages, but it died out in the 16th century.Thomas Payne, who was a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1639, was the founder of a large American family, which included Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The author of the republican treatise The Rights of Man, Thomas Paine (1737–1809), left England for North America in the mid 1770s, where he became involved in the movement that led to independence. His pamphlet of 1776, Common Sense, influenced the Declaration of Independence and furnished some of the arguments justifying it.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, probably from the Old Norse byname Strútr (from a vocabulary word referring to a cone-like ornament on a headdress or cap). Alternatively it may be a nickname for an argumentative person, from Middle English strut(t) ‘quarrel’.German : topographic name from Middle High German struot, strūt ‘brush’, ‘thicket’, ‘swamp’, or a habitational name from any of several places named Struth with this word.
Boy/Male
Indian
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Boy/Male
Indian
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Reasoning; Proof; Argument
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Proof; Reasoning
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sewell.Samuel Sewall (1652–1730) came with his parents from Bishop Stoke, Hampshire, England, to Newbury, MA, as a nine-year-old boy. In 1676 he married Hannah Hull, a wealthy heiress, and in 1681 he was appointed printer to the Council in Boston. He served as a judge in the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692—the only one of the judges to admit publicly that he had been wrong. In 1700 he published The Selling of Joseph, which argues that all men are created equal and presents theological arguments against slavery.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Reasoning; Proof
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English streit ‘narrow’, ‘strict’ (Anglo-Norman French estreit).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quarrelsome person, from Middle High German strīt, German Streit ‘strife’, ‘argument’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Proofs; Arguments
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an argumentative person, from Old English flītere ‘disputer’, an agent derivative of flītan ‘to wrangle’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Contentious; Inclined to Quarrel; Argumentative
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Argument reasoning, proof
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
(related to Wahb)
Girl/Female
German American
Bitter grace.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Well Thoughts for Others
Surname or Lastname
English (Midlands)
English (Midlands) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Upright true
Girl/Female
Tamil
Cuckoo, Nightingale
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name and byname Wine meaning ‘friend’, in part a short form of various compound names with this first element.Welsh : variant of Gwynn.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Gold
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Flame; Lamp; Head of Candle
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kumaril | கà¯à®®à®¾à®°à®¿à®²
Young, Clever
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
PROBABILISTIC ARGUMENT
n.
A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it.
v. i.
To make an argument; to argue.
n.
One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably right.
v. t.
To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or importunity.
a.
Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective; sound; good; efficacious; as, a valid argument; a valid objection.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.
a.
Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator.
n.
One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.
a.
Admitting of argument.
a.
Abounding in words; using or containing more words than are necessary; tedious by a multiplicity of words; prolix; wordy; as, a verbose speaker; a verbose argument.
n.
Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just view of the arguments or facts in a case.
n.
The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction.
a.
Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; as, an argumentative discourse.
n.
A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
n.
The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially, power to convince; justness; soundness; as, the validity of an argument or proof; the validity of an objection.
v. i.
To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.
a.
Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an argumentative writer.
n.
The doctrine of the probabilists.
n.
One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.
v. t.
To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case.