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Imperial cult in Hellenistic Egypt
The Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great was an imperial cult in ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period (323–31 BC), promoted by the Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great
Ptolemaic_cult_of_Alexander_the_Great
Death of the Macedonian king in 323 BC
Christian church. List of unsolved deaths Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great "A contemporary account of the death of Alexander". Livius.org. Retrieved
Death_of_Alexander_the_Great
Undiscovered tomb
of the words. By 274 BC, Alexander was already entombed in Alexandria. His tomb became the focal point for the Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great. According
Tomb_of_Alexander_the_Great
son of Aëtus (in Greek Ἀετὸς τοῦ Ἀετοῦ, in ancient Egyptian (transliterated from demotic) Ꜣyꜣtws (sꜣ) Ꜣyꜣtws) was a priest in the Ptolemaic cult of Alexander
Aëtus_son_of_Aëtus
Hellenistic-era Greek state in Egypt (305–30 BC)
by the Ptolemaic dynasty until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. Alexandria, a Greek polis (city-state) founded by Alexander the Great, became the capital
Ptolemaic_Kingdom
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
Alexander the Great Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great – Imperial cult in Hellenistic Egypt Theories about Alexander the Great in the Quran Heracles
Alexander_the_Great
Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled Egypt
ruled from Alexandria the Ptolemaic Kingdom based in Egypt. Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last dynasty of ancient Egypt from
Ptolemaic_dynasty
eponymous priest of the Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great. On the death of Ptolemy IV in 204 BC, Agathocles and his allies kept the event secret, that
Agathocles_of_Egypt
Co-ruler of Cyprus
papyrus held by the British Museum, is referenced as a priest of the cult of Alexander during 158–157 BC, and that he was a co-regent with his father
Ptolemy_Eupator
Ptolemaic admiral
and admiral of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. He is best known for his activity during the Chremonidean War (267–261 BC), when he commanded the navy sent to
Patroclus_(admiral)
of Egypt in the Ptolemaic period during the reign of the boy king Ptolemy V and a friend and flatterer of Agathocles. Aristomenes, son of Menneas, was
Aristomenes_of_Alyzeia
Identification of emperors with divine authority
not claim godhead or worship Alexander (cf. Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great). The Roman magistrates who conquered the Greek world were fitted into
Roman_imperial_cult
Ancient Egyptian goddess
ISBN 978-951-95295-4-7. Pfeiffer, Stephan (2008). "The God Serapis, his Cult and the Beginnings of the Ruler Cult in Ptolemaic Egypt". In McKechnie, Paul; Guillaume
Isis
III's cult, Ramesses II's, and the Ptolemaic cults did. The cult of Tutankhamun, which equated Tutankhamun with the god Amun was a particularly high status
List of pharaohs deified during lifetime
List_of_pharaohs_deified_during_lifetime
Period of eastern Mediterranean history from 323 to 30 BC
the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, in which all these regions were under the influence of Greek leadership
Hellenistic_period
Pharaoh of Egypt from 305 to 282 BC
conqueror, Alexander the Great. Hölbl, Günther (2013). A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Routledge. p. 21. ISBN 9781135119836. "Ptolemaic Dynasty --
Ptolemy_I_Soter
Ancient Greek kingdom in the southern Balkans
beliefs in the Egyptian god Sarapis were thoroughly Hellenized by the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt before the spread of his cult to Macedonia and the Aegean
Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
Egyptian revolt against the Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Great Theban Revolt was an uprising in the Thebaid at the end of the 3rd century BC against the authority of the Ptolemaic dynasty which then controlled
Great_Theban_Revolt
City in Egypt
the Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great, the official religion of the kingdom. Ptolemy II Philadelphus also established a town at the edge of Faiyum
Faiyum
Form of state religion
in the eyes of its Greek subjects on their association with, and incorporation into, the imperial cult of Alexander the Great. In Imperial China, the Emperor
Imperial_cult
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was
Cleopatra
King of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, 284–246 BC
was the pharaoh and basileus of the Ptolemaic Kingdom from 284 to 246 BC. He was the son of Ptolemy I, the Macedonian general of Alexander the Great who
Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus
Roman province that encompassed most of modern-day Egypt
305–30 BC, the Thirty-first Dynasty) had ruled Egypt since the Wars of Alexander the Great that overthrew Achaemenid Egypt. The Ptolemaic pharaoh Cleopatra
Roman_Egypt
Ancient Egyptian site
Alexandria in the Egyptian coastal town of Borg El Arab. During the Ptolemaic period, Taposiris Magna became a center for the religious festival of Khoiak.
Taposiris_Magna
3rd-century BC Greek people
another of the Diadochi of the Greek King Alexander the Great who was the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt and his wife, Berenice I of Egypt
Ptolemy_II_of_Telmessos
4th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt (r. 221–204 BC)
lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC. Ptolemy IV was the son of Ptolemy
Ptolemy_IV_Philopator
3rd pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt (r. 246-222 BC)
"Ptolemy the Benefactor"; c. 280 – November/December 222 BC) was the third pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt from 246 to 222 BC. The Ptolemaic Kingdom
Ptolemy_III_Euergetes
Graeco-Egyptian deity
the Greek and Egyptian subjects of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The cultus of Serapis was spread as a matter of deliberate policy by subsequent Ptolemaic kings
Serapis
6th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt
was a Greek king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC. He is often considered the last ruler of ancient Egypt when
Ptolemy_VI_Philometor
Archaeological site in Greece
Samothrace, their cult having been distanced from that of the Great Mother and more closely identified with deities more familiar to the Greeks. Kadmilos
Samothrace_temple_complex
Military unit
The Ptolemaic navy was the naval force of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and later empire from 305 to 30 BC. It was founded by King Ptolemy I. Its main naval bases
Ptolemaic_navy
Queen of Mauretania, 25 to 5 BC
summer 40 BC – c. 5 BC; the numeration is modern), was a Ptolemaic princess, nominal Queen of Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC) and Queen of Mauretania (25 BC – 5
Cleopatra_Selene_II
Ptolemaic King of Egypt, 107–88 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander I (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was the Ptolemaic king of Cyprus from 114 BC until 107 BC and of Egypt from
Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I
Historical period of Greece following Classical Greece
the historical period of Ancient Greece following Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great of Macedon and the Roman conquest of the
Hellenistic_Greece
Library in ancient Alexandria, Egypt
and the Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Egypt with Alexandria as its capital. The Macedonian kings who succeeded Alexander the Great as rulers of the Near
Library_of_Alexandria
Queen regnant of Cyrenaica from 258 to 246 BCE
incorporated into the Ptolemaic state cults and worshipped as the Theoi Euergetai (Benefactor Gods), alongside Alexander the Great and the earlier Ptolemies
Berenice_II
the Great marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period of Cypriot history. After the death of Alexander the Great, Cyprus passed on to Ptolemaic rule
Ancient_history_of_Cyprus
Seleucid prince (221 BC–193 BC)
battle of Panium and received the command over the right wing of the cavalry; it was he who routed the Egyptian cavalry and attacked the Ptolemaic center
Antiochus (son of Antiochus III the Great)
Antiochus_(son_of_Antiochus_III_the_Great)
5th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, r. 204-180 BC
new Syrian war. Ptolemaic Egypt had a dynastic cult, which centred on the Ptolemaia festival and the annual priest of Alexander the Great, whose full title
Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes
Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt
princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt from 193 BC, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their
Cleopatra_I_Syra
3rd-century BC Egyptian historian and priest
BCE) was an Egyptian priest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom who lived in the early third century BCE, at the very beginning of the Hellenistic period. Little
Manetho
Ptahshepses Ptah Ptolemaic army Ptolemaic coinage Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great Ptolemaic dynasty Ptolemaic Kingdom Ptolemaic navy Ptolemaic synodal decrees
Index of ancient Egypt–related articles
Index_of_ancient_Egypt–related_articles
2nd-century AD work by Arrian of Nicomedia
the campaigns of Alexander the Great, specifically his conquest of the Persian Empire between 336 and 323 BC. The Anabasis is by far the fullest surviving
Anabasis_of_Alexander
Syncretic deity from the ancient city of Heliopolis
the great temple of Baalbek, in modern-day Lebanon. The cult of Jupiter Heliopolitanus evolved from the ancient Canaanite religion, particularly the worship
Jupiter Optimus Maximus Heliopolitanus
Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus_Heliopolitanus
2nd-century BC Egyptian scribe
lived during the Ptolemaic period, which began when Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Egypt
Menches
8th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt
by Ptolemy X. Ptolemaic Egypt had a dynastic cult, which centred on the Ptolemaia festival and the annual priest of Alexander the Great, whose full title
Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon
king of Epirus Alexander II of Molossia Alexander of Abonuteichos – cult leader Alexander of Aphrodisias – Peripatetic philosopher Alexander of Greece
List_of_ancient_Greeks
Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt
Cleopatra Berenice. She was co-ruling queen of Ptolemaic Egypt with her uncle/husband Ptolemy X Alexander I, from 101 to 88 BC and again in 81 BC with
Berenice_III
The coinage of the Seleucid Empire is based on the coins of Alexander the Great, which in turn were based on Athenian coinage of the Attic weight. Many
Seleucid_coinage
Ptolemaic King of Egypt, 80–51 BC
romanized: Ptolemaios Neos Dionysos, lit. 'Ptolemy the new Dionysus' c. 117 – 51 BC) was a king of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt who ruled from 80 to 58 BC and then
Ptolemy_XII_Auletes
Seleucid King of Syria from 150 to 142 BC
and civil war resumed. Alexander's ally, Ptolemaic king Ptolemy VI Philometor, moved troops into Coele-Syria to support Alexander, but then switched sides
Alexander_Balas
Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BC), a king of ancient Macedon, created one of the largest empires in history by waging an extensive military campaign
List of cities founded by Alexander the Great
List_of_cities_founded_by_Alexander_the_Great
Television series
December 1999. The series is a reimagining of the life of Alexander the Great based on the novel series Emperor's Fantasy – Alexander's War Chronicles
Reign:_The_Conqueror
Ancient city-kingdom of Cyprus
Ptolemy I of Egypt ruled the island of Cyprus. He forced Nicocreon, who had been the Ptolemaic governor of the island, to commit suicide in 311 BC, because
Salamis,_Cyprus
Egyptian pharaoh
Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr "Ptolemy the Father-loving [God]") was, ostensibly, a Ptolemaic king of Egypt. His identity and reign are controversial
Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator
Roman client kingdom based in the Levant
Selene Ptolemaic Points of Interest: Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII Sampsiceramus article at Ancient Library Biblical Genealogy: From Alexander son of Herod
Emesene_dynasty
Ethnic group in Africa
to the Byzantine emperor). It is estimated that as much as 30 percent of the population of Faiyum was Greek during the Ptolemaic period, with the rest
African_Greeks
Ancient Egyptian god of the afterlife
authors claim the cult of Serapis was established at Alexandria by Alexander III of Macedonia himself, but most who discuss the subject of Serapis's origins
Osiris
Temple of Aphrodite in Alexandria
be the first priest of the dynastic cults of the Theoi Adelphoi (deified Ptolemies) and the cult of Alexander. As a result, Kallikrates had a great amount
Sanctuary of Arsinoe Aphrodite at Cape Zephyrion
Sanctuary_of_Arsinoe_Aphrodite_at_Cape_Zephyrion
Period in ancient Egyptian history ( 664 BCE–332 BCE)
their vassal. The period ended with the conquests of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander the Great and the establishment of the Ptolemaic dynasty by his
Late_Period_of_Egypt
Great who was King of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia and the Ptolemaic Greek Princess who was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt Arsinoe
Berenice (daughter of Ptolemy II of Telmessos)
Berenice_(daughter_of_Ptolemy_II_of_Telmessos)
Religious beliefs of the Kushites
Amun and Ra. After Alexander's death, the Ptolemaic Dynasty (305–30 BC) won control of Egypt under Ptolemy I and his son Ptolemy II. The Greek pantheon continued
Kushite_religion
Greek community in Egypt
percent of the population of Faiyum was Greek during the Ptolemaic period, with the rest being native Egyptians; the Faiyum mummy portraits reflect the complex
Egyptian_Greeks
Last native Egyptian pharaoh
During the reign of Nectanebo II, Egyptian artists developed a specific style that left a distinctive mark on the reliefs of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Like
Nectanebo_II
Crown or other headgear symbolizing the Sun
In Ptolemaic Egypt, the solar crown could also be a radiate diadem, modeled after the type worn by Alexander the Great (as identified with the sun god
Radiate_crown
Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom (c.316–c.270/268 BC)
at the orders of her husband and the cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos became widespread in the Ptolemaic territories. Arsinoë was the first daughter of Pharaoh
Arsinoe_II
Late form of ancient Greek religion
practices and Greek hero-cults and established themselves as Pharaohs within the new syncretic Ptolemaic cult of Alexander III of Macedonia. Elsewhere, rulers
Hellenistic_religion
than opposition. The cult of Isis spread first to the Hellenistic world in the Ptolemaic period after the conquests of Alexander the Great, and then to Italy
Decline of ancient Egyptian religion
Decline_of_ancient_Egyptian_religion
Cleopatra's reign as queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt began with the death of her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, by March 51 BC. It ended with her
Reign_of_Cleopatra
Deity depicted with horns or antlers
the bull was believed to embody the spirit of Ptah, god of craftsmen, and later became linked with Osiris, the god of the afterlife. In Ptolemaic Egypt
Horned_deity
the latter kings from Arcesilaus III). Cyrene was conquered by Alexander the Great in 331 BC and fell to the portion of Ptolemy I in the division of Alexander's
List_of_kings_of_Cyrene
Ancient Egyptian ceremonial headgear
The more intricate the carvings on the crown, the later the time period of the crown. Falcons and horn imagery are not part of the early Ptolemaic period
Hemhem_crown
Pharaoh of Egypt from 1279 to 1213 BC
commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Ramesses II is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated
Ramesses_II
Ancient Egyptian god
depicted him adorned with the Horns of Ammon as a symbol of his divinity. The tradition of depicting Alexander the Great with the horns of Amun continued for
Amun
Macedonian general, Diadochus, and founder of the Seleucid Empire
"Seleucus the Victorious"; c. 358 BC – 281 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, officer and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the eponymous
Seleucus_I_Nicator
Ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, Egypt
forever". Thus began the Ptolemaic dynasty, during which began the city's gradual decline. It was Ptolemy I who first introduced the cult of Serapis in Egypt
Memphis,_Egypt
Ancient Egyptian catacombs for Apis bulls
The Serapeum of Saqqara was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Apis cult at Memphis. It was believed that the bulls were incarnations
Serapeum_of_Saqqara
Ancient ancient city-kingdom of Cyprus and archaeological area
an ancient city-kingdom of Cyprus. It came under Ptolemaic rule in the 300s BC. Its ancient cult sanctuary of Aphrodite was the second most important in
Amathus
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
Wars to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, which included the Golden Age of Athens, the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, the short-lived
Ancient_Greece
King of the Seleucid Empire from 128 to 123 BC
relations with Miletus. In Ptolemaic Egypt, Alexander the Great was shown wearing an elephant scalp, a motif not used by the Macedonian king himself. It
Alexander_II_Zabinas
Egyptian polymath, later deified
duel of magic. As an instigator of Egyptian culture, Imhotep's idealized image lasted well into the Roman period. In the Ptolemaic period, the Egyptian
Imhotep
Portraits attached to mummies in Egypt during Roman period
percent of the population of Faiyum was Greek during the Ptolemaic period, with the rest being native Egyptians. By the Roman period, much of the "Greek"
Fayum_mummy_portraits
first by the Ptolemaic Kingdom and then by the Seleucid Empire, Greek states formed after the breakup of Alexander's Macedonian empire. The Maccabean
Timeline of the Second Temple period
Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period
King of Salamis
Menelaos), son of Lagus and brother of Ptolemy I Soter (ruler of Egypt), served as priest of the eponymous state cult of Alexander, and for a time was
Menelaus_(son_of_Lagus)
Late Hellenistic floor mosaic near Rome
of Ptolemaic Greeks, Aethiopians in hunting scenes, and various animals of the Nile river. It is the earliest Roman depiction of Nilotic scenes, of which
Nile_mosaic_of_Palestrina
Political history topic
successor Alexander the Great and the subsequent Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties of Hellenistic Greece (336–146 BC). Following the Roman victory in the Third
Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Government_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
Ancient Egyptian deity
being offered during the Ptolemaic period. Civilians who were not able to formally practice the cult of Min paid homage to the god as sterility was an
Min_(god)
Egyptian stele with three versions of a 196 BC decree
The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf
Rosetta_Stone
2nd/1st century BC king of Ptolemaic Egypt
Sōtḗr 'Ptolemy the Saviour'), commonly nicknamed Lathyros (Λάθυρος, Láthuros 'chickpea'), was twice king of Ptolemaic Egypt. The son of Ptolemy VIII and
Ptolemy_IX_Soter
Ancient Greek god of winemaking and wine
uncertain, and his cults took many forms. Traditionally the cult of Dionysus has been said to have originated from Asia Minor and introduced to the Greeks via
Dionysus
Greco-Roman city that was established in Amman
as it became a frontier in the Syrian Wars, frequently changing hands between the Ptolemaic and the Seleucid empires. By the early second century BC, Philadelphia
Philadelphia_(Amman)
Archaeological site in Egypt
common during the Ptolemaic Kingdom, which came to power after the death of Alexander the Great. The Roman Empire used a Latinised form of the Greek name. Some
Heracleopolis_Magna
religious cult; this was much easier for the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, where the traditional ancient Egyptian religion had long had deified monarchs. The enormous
Ancient_Greek_religion
Ancient Egyptian deity
excavation of the Serapeum of Saqqara revealed the tombs of more than sixty animals, ranging from the time of Amenhotep III to the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty
Apis_(deity)
Greek god and personification of the Sun
lot, though in the great city a man and his two sons held the office of priesthood for the sun god in succession. The scattering of cults in Sicyon, Argos
Helios
Ancient Egyptian temple complex
massive size, the structures throughout the complex were constructed over many eras, such as the Middle Kingdom, the Ptolemaic Era, and the period characterized
Dendera_temple_complex
Art movement
art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek
Hellenistic_art
Glorification of a subject to divine level
status equal to the gods before death (e.g., Alexander the Great) or afterwards (e.g., members of the Ptolemaic dynasty). A heroic cult status similar
Apotheosis
Ancient Greek deity and herald of the gods
counterparts. In Ptolemaic Egypt, for example, the Egyptian god Thoth was identified by Greek speakers as the Egyptian form of Hermes. The two gods were
Hermes
Greek goddess of magic and transitions
religious cults, connected the 1920s Blackburn Cult (also known as "The Cult of the Great Eleven") with Hecate worship rituals. He noted that the cult regularly
Hecate
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PTOLEMAIC CULT-OF-ALEXANDER-THE-GREAT
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