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The quantum pendulum is a theoretical model and experimental system that studies how a pendulum behaves under quantum mechanics. It is fundamental in
Quantum_pendulum
Mathematical approach to quantum physics
{3}{4}}{\frac {\hbar ^{2}\lambda }{m^{2}\omega ^{2}}}.} Consider the quantum-mathematical pendulum with the Hamiltonian H = − ℏ 2 2 m a 2 ∂ 2 ∂ ϕ 2 − λ cos ϕ
Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)
Mechanism for regulating the speed of clocks
pendulum Kater's pendulum Metronome N-pendulum Pendulum (mechanics) Pendulum clock Pendulum rocket fallacy Quantum pendulum Rayleigh–Lorentz pendulum
Pendulum
Type of physics demonstration
massive pendulum wave apparatus, supposedly with flaming cannonballs, as a stunt in Britain's Got Talent (series 14) under the stage name Kevin Quantum. Newton's
Pendulum_wave
Clock regulated by a pendulum
A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a swinging weight known as a pendulum as its timekeeping element. The pendulum is an approximate harmonic oscillator
Pendulum_clock
energy and frequency of the quantum pendulum changes such that their ratio is constant, so that the pendulum is in the same quantum state as the initial state
Rayleigh–Lorentz_pendulum
Quantum mechanical model
by Lorella M. Jones. Quantum pendulum Quantum machine – Quantum mechanical macroscopic object Gas in a harmonic trap – Quantum mechanical model Creation
Quantum_harmonic_oscillator
particle in a lattice of finite length The Pöschl–Teller potential The quantum pendulum The three-dimensional potentials The rotating system The linear rigid
List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions
List_of_quantum-mechanical_systems_with_analytical_solutions
Quantum number denoting orbital angular momentum
In quantum mechanics, the azimuthal quantum number ℓ is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes
Azimuthal_quantum_number
Concept in quantum mechanics
classical nature of a pendulum precludes a full description of the effects of the adiabatic theorem. As a further example consider a quantum harmonic oscillator
Adiabatic_theorem
Property of physical systems that stays somewhat constant through slow changes
Rayleigh–Lorentz pendulum. If you consider a quantum pendulum whose string is shortened very slowly, the quantum number of the pendulum cannot change because
Adiabatic_invariant
Phase of a cycle
In classical and quantum mechanics, the geometric phase (also known as the Pancharatnam–Berry phase, Pancharatnam phase, or Berry phase) is a phase difference
Geometric_phase
Special function occurring in problems possessing elliptic symmetry
play a role in certain quantum mechanical systems, particularly those with spatially periodic potentials such as the quantum pendulum and crystalline lattices
Mathieu_function
This is a list of notable textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics arranged according to level and surnames of the authors in alphabetical
List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
List_of_textbooks_on_classical_mechanics_and_quantum_mechanics
Instrument for measuring, keeping or indicating time
development in accuracy occurred after 1656 with the invention of the pendulum clock by Christiaan Huygens. A major stimulus to improving the accuracy
Clock
Repetitive variation of some measure about a central value
oscillations. Quantum harmonic oscillator Playground swing String instruments Torsional vibration Tuning fork Vibrating string Wilberforce pendulum Lever escapement
Oscillation
Portion of the universe chosen for analysis
In the study of quantum coherence, the "system" may refer to the microscopic properties of an object (e.g. the mean of a pendulum bob), while the relevant
Physical_system
Category of theories
of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical
Classical_physics
This is a list of Foucault pendulums in the world. Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary
List_of_Foucault_pendulums
Formulation of classical mechanics using momenta
geometry and Poisson structures) and serves as a link between classical and quantum mechanics. Let ( M , L ) {\displaystyle (M,{\mathcal {L}})} be a mechanical
Hamiltonian_mechanics
Physical quantity
Yet another example of energy transformation is that of a simple gravity pendulum. At its highest points the kinetic energy is zero and the gravitational
Energy
Idea that small causes can have large effects
matrix theory and simulations with quantum computers prove that some versions of the butterfly effect in quantum mechanics do not exist. Other authors
Butterfly_effect
Formulation of classical mechanics
crucial influence on other branches of physics, including relativity and quantum field theory. Lagrangian mechanics describes a mechanical system as a pair
Lagrangian_mechanics
Two systems are coupled if they are interacting with each other
mechanics, coupling is a connection between two oscillating systems, such as pendulums connected by a spring. The connection affects the oscillatory pattern
Coupling_(physics)
Reconstruction of quantum states based on measurements
Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process by which a quantum state is reconstructed using measurements on an ensemble of identical
Quantum_tomography
Italian physicist
"Stochastic behavior of a quantum pendulum under a periodic perturbation". Stochastic Behavior in Classical and Quantum Hamiltonian Systems. Lecture
Giulio_Casati
and eventually repetitive, oscillatory processes, such as the swing of pendulums. Oscillating timekeepers are used in modern timepieces. Sundials and water
History of timekeeping devices
History_of_timekeeping_devices
American physicist
February 2015). "Supersymmetry and eigensurface topology of the spherical quantum pendulum". Physical Review A. 91 (2) 022111. arXiv:1409.2225. Bibcode:2015PhRvA
Bretislav_Friedrich
Field with an imaginary mass
In physics, a tachyonic field, or simply tachyon, is a quantum field with an imaginary mass. Although tachyonic particles (particles that move faster
Tachyonic_field
Phenomenon in which a neutrino changes lepton flavor as it travels
Neutrino oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a neutrino created with a specific lepton family number ("lepton flavor": electron, muon
Neutrino_oscillation
Science concerned with physical bodies subjected to forces or displacements
leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics. The ancient Greek philosophers were among the first to propose
Mechanics
Law of physics and chemistry
his analysis of several situations—including the celebrated "interrupted pendulum"—which can be described (in modern language) as conservatively converting
Conservation_of_energy
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a simple pendulum). However, there are some losses from cycle to cycle, called damping. When
Resonance
Fundamental mechanical principles
capillary), or the motion of a pendulum when its support is in motion. Quantum action principles are used in the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM)
Action_principles
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their
Zero-point_energy
Sum of potential and kinetic energy
converted to another form of energy. In a mechanical system like a swinging pendulum subjected to the conservative gravitational force where frictional forces
Mechanical_energy
Pseudoscientific attempts to locate underground objects
Some modern dowsers use a pendulum weight on a short cord or thread. The dowser holds the cord in one hand and allows the pendulum to swing freely. The dowser
Dowsing
Sculptural clock in Cambridge, England
low-friction mechanism for converting pendulum motion into rotational motion while at the same time giving back to the pendulum the energy needed to maintain
Corpus_Clock
Propulsion system creating motion without propellant
coauthors said the laboratory would commission its torsion pendulum with an existing Quantum Vacuum Plasma Thruster and described earlier QVPT work as
Reactionless_drive
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive
Time_crystal
Dutch mathematician and physicist (1629–1695)
engineer and inventor, he improved the design of telescopes and invented the pendulum clock, the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. A talented mathematician
Christiaan_Huygens
2002 French academic dispute
that "whatever the orientation, the plane of oscillation of Foucault's pendulum is necessarily aligned with the initial singularity marking the origin
Bogdanov_affair
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
inertial mass might be different concepts. He compared the periods of pendulums composed of different materials and found them to be identical. From this
Equivalence_principle
Israeli-American engineer, inventor (1923–1979)
particular how it related to physiology. In his 1977 book, Stalking the Wild Pendulum: On the Mechanics of Consciousness, he wrote that "consciousness permeates
Itzhak_Bentov
Attraction of masses and energy
looking for a theory that describes gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics (quantum gravity), which would unify gravity and the other known fundamental
Gravity
Mathematical model of a system in control engineering
is the angle of the pendulum with respect to the direction of gravity m {\displaystyle m} is the mass of the pendulum (pendulum rod's mass is assumed
State-space_representation
Deviation of a physical system from being a harmonic oscillator
displacement of a pendulum from its resting position x=0. As the absolute value of x increases, so does the restoring force acting on the pendulums weight that
Anharmonicity
Laws in physics about force and motion
have been discovered; new theories were consequently developed, such as quantum mechanics and relativity to address the physics of objects in more extreme
Newton's_laws_of_motion
Pseudoscientific human ability to detect radiation
Schmidt, Brigitta (22 December 2016). Workbook New Dowsing: Quantum Healing with Pendulums. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-7357-6359-4. Olson, Jay A;
Radiesthesia
Tendency of a mechanical system
construction project. The Taipei 101 building for instance relies on a 660-ton pendulum—a tuned mass damper—to modify the response at resonance. The structure
Mechanical_resonance
Equations that describe the behavior of a physical system
concept, developed by Huygens and Newton. In the swinging of a simple pendulum, Galileo says in Discourses that "every momentum acquired in the descent
Equations_of_motion
Quantum chemistry rule regarding vibronic transitions
Franck–Condon state, and the transition involved, a vertical transition. The quantum mechanical formulation of this principle is that the intensity of a vibronic
Franck–Condon_principle
Mechanics analogue of the geometric phase
cycle, like a pendulum. Now slowly vary a slow parameter λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , like pulling and pushing on the string of a pendulum. We can picture
Hannay_angle
Nonlinear partial differential equation
angle of the pendulum at location x {\displaystyle x} be φ {\displaystyle \varphi } , then schematically, the dynamics of the line of pendulum follows Newton's
Sine-Gordon_equation
Physical system that responds to a restoring force proportional to displacement
Parametric oscillator Phasor Q factor Quantum harmonic oscillator Radial harmonic oscillator Elastic pendulum Fowles & Cassiday (1986, p. 86) Kreyszig
Harmonic_oscillator
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
the rocket would achieve stability by "hanging" from the engine like a pendulum in flight. However, the rocket veered off course and crashed 184 feet (56 m)
Rocket
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
measurements than pendulum experiments of the "Schiehallion" (deflection) type or "Peruvian" (period as a function of altitude) type. Pendulum experiments still
Gravitational_constant
Key constraint in some theories admitting Hamiltonian formulations
space variables being on the same footing. Say our system comprised a pendulum executing a simple harmonic motion and a clock. Whereas the system could
Hamiltonian_constraint
Resonator damping parameter
vibrate longer. For example, a pendulum suspended from a precision bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one
Q_factor
Historical development of physics
beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory. Physics today may be divided
History_of_physics
Device claimed to be a propellantless spacecraft thruster
They had refined their experimental setup, using a three-wire torsion pendulum to measure thrust, and tested two different power setups. They concluded
EmDrive
Continuous progression from past to future
across the sky, the phases of the moon, and the passage of a free-swinging pendulum. More modern systems include the Global Positioning System, other satellite
Time
Physical theory describing classical fields
considering effects of quantization; theories that incorporate quantum mechanics are called quantum field theories. In most contexts, 'classical field theory'
Classical_field_theory
motion; classical mechanics is mechanics limited to non-relativistic and non-quantum approximations. Most of the techniques of classical mechanics were developed
History of classical mechanics
History_of_classical_mechanics
Branch of physics
comes from fundamental effects of quantum theory and gravity, as well as technological applications, such as quantum precision measurement. The name of
Cavity_optomechanics
Limiting set in dynamical systems
never return to the vicinity of the limit set. For example, the damped pendulum has two invariant points: the point x0 of minimum height and the point
Attractor
American actor (1939–2023)
had recurring roles on numerous other TV shows, including The Equalizer, Quantum Leap, Oz, Law & Order, Crossing Jordan, Californication, Breaking Bad,
Mark_Margolis
Quantum astrophysicist (born 1968)
observation of a 2.7-kilogram pendulum near its quantum ground state. These experiments lay the foundations for observing quantum behavior in human-scale objects
Nergis_Mavalvala
Influence that can change motion of an object
body is in equilibrium. In modern physics, which includes relativity and quantum mechanics, the laws governing motion are revised to rely on fundamental
Force
velocity 1581 – Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum 1589 – Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that
Timeline of classical mechanics
Timeline_of_classical_mechanics
Change in the position of an object
Negative sign signifies the restoring nature of the force. (e.g., that of a pendulum). Linear motion – motion that follows a straight linear path, and whose
Motion
Control technique for improving qubit coherence in quantum computing
Dynamical decoupling (DD) is an open-loop quantum control technique employed in quantum computing to suppress decoherence by taking advantage of rapid
Dynamical_decoupling
Idealised model of a particle in physics
usually no concept of rotation of point particles about their "center". In quantum mechanics, the concept of a point particle is complicated by the Heisenberg
Point_particle
Description of large objects' physics
the motion of macroscopic objects and bulk matter, without considering quantum effects, and often without incorporating relativistic effects either. It
Classical_mechanics
circumnavigation of the globe. 1656 - Christiaan Huygens builds the first accurate pendulum clock. 1676 - Daniel Quare, a London clock-maker, invents the repeating
Timeline of time measurement inventions
Timeline_of_time_measurement_inventions
Soviet physicist (1935–2008)
and theory of chaos in waveguides. The book Nonlinear Physics: from the Pendulum to Turbulence and Chaos (Nauka, Moscow and Harwood, New York, 1988), written
George_Zaslavsky
2007 novel by Ian McDonald
strand is set in mid-21st century São Paulo, at a moment when the first quantum technologies are reaching the street, which industriously finds its own
Brasyl
American actress (1919–2011)
Top Pee-wee (1988), Twins (1988), The Grifters (1990), The Pit and the Pendulum (1991). In 1986, Bay appeared as the doddery aunt of Kyle MacLachlan's
Frances_Bay
Gravitational wave detector in Germany
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and the Leibniz Universität Hannover, along with University of Glasgow
GEO600
Space of all possible states that a system can take
factor over discretely spaced energy states (defined by appropriate integer quantum numbers for each degree of freedom), one may integrate over continuous
Phase_space
Formalism in classical field theory based on Hamiltonian mechanics
theory alongside Lagrangian field theory. It also has applications in quantum field theory. The Hamiltonian for a system of discrete particles is a function
Hamiltonian_field_theory
Property of a mass in motion
modified formula) and, in a modified form, in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and general relativity. It is an expression of one
Momentum
Speed of sound wave through elastic medium
Mersenne in 1630 found two values. When measuring the time (of a seconds pendulum) between seeing the flash of a gun and hearing its sound over a known distance
Speed_of_sound
Branch of ordinary differential equations
Given a system in which the forces are periodic—such as a pendulum under a periodic driving force, or an oscillating circuit driven by alternating current—the
Floquet_theory
2011 studio album by uneXpect
"Orange Vigilantes" – 4:55 "Mechanical Phoenix" – 6:55 "The Quantum Symphony" – 6:04 "Unfed Pendulum" – 7:55 "In the Mind of the Last Whale" – 2:58 "Silence
Fables of the Sleepless Empire
Fables_of_the_Sleepless_Empire
Observatory in Los Angeles, California
anniversary The first exhibit visitors encountered in 1935 was the Foucault pendulum, which was designed to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth. The exhibits
Griffith_Observatory
American physicist
Aumentado, J.; Friedland, L.; Siddiqi, I. (February 2011). "Quantum fluctuations in the chirped pendulum". Nature Physics. 7 (2): 105–108. arXiv:1008.4411. Bibcode:2011NatPh
Irfan_Siddiqi
Mathematical model of the time dependence of a point in space
include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, the random motion of particles in the air
Dynamical_system
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
chaotic and non-chaotic may appear within the same model (e.g., the double pendulum system) using the same modeling configurations but different initial conditions
Chaos_theory
Clock that monitors the resonant frequency of atoms
whether it is the rotation of the Earth for a sundial, the swinging of a pendulum in a grandfather clock, the vibrations of springs and gears in a watch
Atomic_clock
Classical statement of gravity as force
Scalar-Tensor theories Quantum-mechanical Euclidean quantum gravity Canonical quantum gravity Wheeler–DeWitt equation Loop quantum gravity Spin foam Causal
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
American actor (born 1981)
Joins Joseph Gordon-Levitt & Phoebe Dynevor In Darren Aronofsky-Produced 'Pendulum', Filming Underway". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 25, 2025. Grobar
Joseph_Gordon-Levitt
Study involving matter and electromagnetic radiation
characterized in mechanical systems such as pendulums, which have a frequency of motion noted famously by Galileo. In quantum mechanical systems, the analogous
Spectroscopy
Concept in fluid mechanics
of added mass in 1828 to describe the motion of a pendulum in a fluid. The period of such a pendulum increased relative to its period in a vacuum (even
Added_mass
Frequencies in coupled oscillators
oscillator systems, including mechanical, acoustical, electromagnetic, and quantum systems. They have important applications in the characterization of complicated
Antiresonance
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
Bibcode:1864TCaPS..10....1H. see, for instance, Gompertz, Benjamin (1818). "On Pendulums vibrating between Cheeks". The Journal of Science and the Arts. III (V):
Angular_momentum
Formulation of the principle of stationary action
electromagnetic and gravitational fields, and plays an important role in quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and criticality theories. Hamilton's principle states
Hamilton's_principle
Gravitational-wave detector in Italy
agitating a pendulum on which the mirror is suspended with coils to generate a magnetic field interacting with magnets fixed to the pendulum. This technique
Virgo_interferometer
Advanced undergraduate or graduate textbook
obtained by Euler and Lagrange, and a discussion of the damped driven pendulum that explains the Josephson junctions. This is counterbalanced by the reduction
Classical Mechanics (Goldstein)
Classical_Mechanics_(Goldstein)
Fundamental quantity in physics
clock, or perhaps a pocket watch. At first, only kings could afford them. Pendulum clocks were widely used in the 18th and 19th century. They have largely
Time_in_physics
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Norman baronial name Cuinchy, a derivative of Roman Quintus, QUINCY means "fifth."
Surname or Lastname
South German
South German : occupational name for an official in charge of the legal auction of property confiscated in default of a fine; such a sale was known in Middle High German as a gant (from Italian incanto, a derivative of Late Latin inquantare ‘to auction’, from the phrase In quantum? ‘To how much (is the price raised)?’).German : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle High German ganter, kanter ‘barrel rack’.German : variant of Gander 3.English : occupational name for a glover, from Old French gantier, an agent derivative of gant ‘glove’ (see Gant).
Biblical
fourth
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fourth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English cointe, quointe ‘known’ (via Old French, from Latin cognitus ‘known’). The Middle English word was used in various senses, any of which could have given rise to the surname: ‘cunning’, ‘crafty’, ‘knowledgeable’ (especially about dress, hence ‘elegant’), ‘attractive’. The sense development continued with ‘odd’ or ‘unusual’, the normal meaning of the modern English word ‘quaint’.German and Dutch : variant of Quandt.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Calm
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of several places in France deriving their names from the Gallo-Roman personal name Quintus, meaning ‘fifth(-born)’ + the locative suffix -acum. The earliest bearers of the name in England were from Cuinchy in Pas-de-Calais, but other stocks may be from Quincy-sous-Sénard in Seine-et-Oise or Quincy-Voisins in Seine-et-Marne.The American Quincy family were established in MA by Edmund Quincy in 1633. Fifth in descent was Josiah Quincy (1744–75), a leading patriot, who was sent to England to argue the colonists’ case in 1774. His son Josiah (1772–1864) was a powerful opponent of slavery, president of Harvard, and mayor of Boston, a post also held by several of his descendants. The traditional pronunciation is “Quinzyâ€.
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean, Swedish
Born Fifth
Boy/Male
Latin Biblical
Born fourth.
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
Girl/Female
Indian
Leader, Princess, Royal lady
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : there are two sources for this character for Wen, which also means ‘warm’. One is a territory named Wen, and the other an area named Wenyi. Descendants of rulers of these areas adopted Wen as their surname.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘literature’. Its origin, however, is from the given name of an ancient personage called Wen.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘hear’. During the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), in the state of Lu there existed a man who has a supplementary name, Wenren. His descendants adopted the first character of his name, Wen, as their surname.English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Broad.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sanjeetha | ஸஂஜீதா
Triumphant, Flute
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Greek
Farmer
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Goddess Laxmi's Feet
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Sweet Voice of the Kuyil Bird
Girl/Female
Australian, Irish
Little Poet; Young Poet
Girl/Female
Hindu
Garden bed
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Narrator of Hadith
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
QUANTUM PENDULUM
pl.
of Quantum
v. i.
To move to and fro, or from side to side, as a pendulum, an elastic rod, or a stretched string, when disturbed from its position of rest; to swing; to oscillate.
n.
A quantic of the eighth degree.
n.
A quantic of the fourth degree. See Quantic.
n.
Part or proportion; quota.
n.
A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.
n.
Quantity; amount.
n.
A quantic of the seventh degree.
n.
One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.
n.
A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.
n.
A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.
n.
A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic.
n.
A quantic of the sixth degree.
n.
A quantic of the fifth degree. See Quantic.
n.
The act of vibrating, or the state of being vibrated, or in vibratory motion; quick motion to and fro; oscillation, as of a pendulum or musical string.
n.
A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.
pl.
of Pendulum
v. t.
To mark or measure by moving to and fro; as, a pendulum vibrating seconds.
n.
A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called binary, ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the quantic / is a binary cubic.