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Computational concept
A randomness extractor, often simply called an "extractor", is a function, which being applied to output from a weak entropy source, together with a short
Randomness_extractor
Topics referred to by the same term
Extractor may refer to: Extractor (firearms) Extractor (mathematics) Extractor (screws), a tool used to remove broken screws Randomness extractor Soxhlet
Extractor
Cryptographic device
into a binary representation; a conditioner (randomness extractor) that improves the quality of the random bits; health tests. TRNGs are mostly used in
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Cryptographic property of random output
representative values: Not every randomness extractor will produce the desired results. For example, the Von Neumann extractor, while providing an unbiased
Full_entropy
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
random or pseudorandom salt (r); and generates a cryptographic key called the PRK ("pseudorandom key"). HKDF-Extract acts as a "randomness extractor"
HKDF
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
short of the goal of true randomness, although they may meet, with varying success, some of the statistical tests for randomness intended to measure how
Random_number_generation
Bipartite graph with nodes
total randomness in the input sources) as possible. Extractor functions were originally researched as a way to extract randomness from weakly random sources
Extractor_(mathematics)
as a strong randomness extractor. The randomized function Ext: M → { 0 , 1 } l {\displaystyle M\rightarrow \{0,1\}^{l}} , with randomness of length r
Fuzzy_extractor
Function in extractor theory
In extractor theory, a randomness merger is a function which extracts randomness out of a set of random variables, provided that at least one of them is
Randomness_merger
Cryptographic hash function
uniformly at random from the domain, the output f(x) is distributed uniformly over the range. Randomness extractor. SWIFFT is a randomness extractor. For hash
SWIFFT
Type of random number generator
conditioning randomness extractor and, optionally, a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) seeded by the true-random bits. In Linux, the /dev/random character
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Random process of binary (boolean) random variables
with p = 1/2 by the von Neumann extractor, the earliest randomness extractor, which actually extracts uniform randomness. Represent the observed process
Bernoulli_process
American computer scientist
Reingold, and Avi Wigderson, he gave the first construction of randomness extractors that are "optimal up to constant factors," reaching a milestone
Salil_Vadhan
Concept in information theory
the min-entropy is used in the context of randomness extractors. Let X {\displaystyle X} be a discrete random variable with possible outcomes in the set
Rényi_entropy
Process of reducing correlation within one or more signals
Decorrelation theory) and in the design of hardware random number generators. Equalisation Randomness extractor Eigenvalue decomposition Whitening transformation
Decorrelation
Distance between two statistical objects
of the overlap of two distributions. Probabilistic metric space Randomness extractor Similarity measure Zero-knowledge proof Dodge, Y. (2003)—entry for
Statistical_distance
Concept in statistics
{1}{2(1-\rho ^{2})}}(x^{2}+y^{2}-2\rho xy)\right].} The von Neumann extractor is a randomness extractor that depends on exchangeability: it gives a method to take
Exchangeable_random_variables
Message authentication code algorithm
OpenSSL. CBC-MAC is also used as a "conditioning component" (a.k.a. randomness extractor, a method to generate bitstrings with full entropy) in NIST SP 800-90B
CBC-MAC
ideal. These problems include quantum key distribution, randomness expansion, and randomness amplification. The goal of quantum key distribution is for
Device-independent quantum cryptography
Device-independent_quantum_cryptography
Type of algorithm
including cryptographic hashes, message authentication codes and randomness extractors. The flexibility of the chaos machine design allows it to be tailored
Chaos_machine
Secure communication method
key. This is performed using a randomness extractor, for example, by applying a universal hash function, chosen at random from a publicly known set of such
Quantum_key_distribution
in terms of Energy-Performance-Product. Perfect forward secrecy Randomness extractor Rabin, M.O. (2005-10-19). "Provably unbreakable hyper-encryption
Hyper-encryption
Lemma in cryptography
universal random privacy amplification, giving exponent bounds for universal hashing against quantum side information. Randomness extractors achieve the
Leftover_hash_lemma
Class of interactive proof
knowledge extractor E {\displaystyle E} is used to express what is meant by the knowledge of a Turing machine. If E {\displaystyle E} can extract w {\displaystyle
Proof_of_knowledge
Japanese campaign to conserve electricity consumption
campaign on September 30, 2005, covering some 1,200 men and women randomly extracted from an Internet panel recruited by a research company. Survey results
Cool_Biz_campaign
Measure of algorithmic complexity
theory (or Kolmogorov complexity). Kolmogorov randomness defines a string (usually of bits) as being random if the shortest computer program that can produce
Kolmogorov_complexity
Israeli computer scientist
known for his research in cryptography, including traitor tracing, randomness extractors, private information retrieval, the security level and single-bit
Benny_Chor
Machine for shuffling playing cards
otherwise: the most recent shuffling machines are computer-controlled. The randomness or otherwise of cards produced from automatic shuffling machines is the
Shuffling_machine
Herbal extract of peppermint
Peppermint extract is an extract of peppermint (Mentha × piperita) made from the essential oil of peppermint leaves. Peppermint is a hybrid of water mint
Peppermint_extract
Computer security technique
implements a random base address for the main executable binary and has been in place since April 18, 2004. It provides the same address randomness to the main
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Shape containing unit line segments in all directions
progress on the finite field Kakeya problem and its relationship to randomness extractors. Nikodym set Pal, Julius (1920). "Ueber ein elementares variationsproblem"
Kakeya_set
Theorem in arithmetic combinatorics
had also been formulated in the 1990s by Wigderson, motivated by randomness extractors. Note that the sum-product problem cannot hold in finite fields
Erdős–Szemerédi_theorem
American theoretical computer scientist
concerns randomness in computation, and especially pseudorandomness. He has written over 80 papers on topics including randomness extractors, pseudorandom
David Zuckerman (computer scientist)
David_Zuckerman_(computer_scientist)
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
ideal. These problems include quantum key distribution, randomness expansion, and randomness amplification. In 2018, theoretical studies performed by
Quantum_cryptography
Process of making something random
machines, which enhance randomness beyond what manual shuffling can achieve. With the rise of online casinos, digital random number generators (RNGs)
Randomization
Irish media archive
re-use or simply dumped. The remaining footage largely consists of random extracts, rather than complete series. However, they provide insightful examples
RTÉ_Libraries_and_Archives
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
tests for randomness. In other words, no polynomial-time algorithm would be able to distinguish the output of the RNG from true randomness. Instead of
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Confused unintelligible jumble of words and phrases
but they are semantically confused to the point that the listener cannot extract any meaning from them. The term is also used in theoretical linguistics
Word_salad
Random number generator based on atmospheric noise
"Connoisseurs of Chaos Offer A Valuable Product: Randomness". New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2009. Random.org generates unpredictable sequences of data
Random.org
universal parasitics extractor tool applicable for a full range of electronic designs. Quantus from Cadence is a parasitic extractor tool for both digital
Parasitic_extraction
Entity that can be evaluated and is hard to predict
of randomness, as would deriving randomness from components that were already part of the design to start with. Adding, for example, a randomized dielectric
Types of physical unclonable function
Types_of_physical_unclonable_function
Randomized algorithm
time is thus O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} . Generating this amount of randomness and the linear run time causes the algorithm to be unnecessarily slow
Reservoir_sampling
S2CID 322613. Berta, M.; O. Fawzi; S. Wehner (2014). "Quantum to classical randomness extractors". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 60 (2): 1168–1192. arXiv:1111
Noisy-storage_model
Messaging and VoIP service owned by Meta
Solutions. In April 2025, a group of Austrian researchers were able to extract 3.5 billion users' phone numbers by being able to make a hundred million
Unreproducible object used in digital security
Despite this there should be generated randomness to make PUF in each chip unique. Explicit PUF randomness is created explicitly in a separate technological
Physical_unclonable_function
Item sequences in computational linguistics
pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/CITS.2013.6705711. ISBN 978-1-4799-0168-5. Ngram Extractor: Gives weight of n-gram based on their frequency. Google's Google Books
N-gram
Food product from processed yeast
Yeast extracts consist of the cell contents of yeast without the cell walls; they are used as food additives or flavorings, or as nutrients for bacterial
Yeast_extract
Global conflict (1939–1945)
the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943, the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to
World_War_II
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
making biased random steps that are a sum of pure randomness (like a Brownian walker) and gradient descent down the potential well. The randomness is necessary:
Diffusion_model
Naming a Fischer Random board using numbers
game Chess960 (also called Fischer random chess), played with conventional chess pieces and rules, starts with a random selection of one of 960 positions
Chess960_numbering_scheme
Concept that defines the experience of notably positive, negative, or improbable events
"Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets" Random House 2001 ISBN 0812975219 "In real life, we see more random processes
Luck
for extracting ideas from a stimulus How to use the Random Website technique RandomWebsite (2001) StumbleUpon (2001) Mangle.ca (2002) That Random Website
Random_stimulus
Technique to reduce dimensionality of points in Euclidean space
In mathematics and statistics, random projection is a technique used to reduce the dimensionality of a set of points which lie in Euclidean space. According
Random_projection
Class of attack on cryptographic systems
entropy for randomness generation was studied by Ran Halprin and Moni Naor. Just as with other components of a cryptosystem, a software random number generator
Random number generator attack
Random_number_generator_attack
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
the barbaric animal-headed gods of Egypt." For further information and extracts of Strabo's account of Cleopatra in his Geographica see Jones (2006, pp
Cleopatra
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
subsidiaries of the German publisher VDM. The website DBpedia, begun in 2007, extracts data from the infoboxes and category declarations of the English-language
Wikipedia
Structural analysis of a network
In network science, a biased random walk on a graph is a time path process in which an evolving variable jumps from its current state to one of various
Biased_random_walk_on_a_graph
Industrial derivative of grape seeds
Grape seed extract is an industrial derivative of whole grape seeds. The extract (GSPE) contains proanthocyanidins. Grape seed extract quality is measured
Grape_seed_extract
Season of television series
when the Punk Hazard scientists, led by Vegapunk, created the fruit by extracting Kaido's Lineage Factor when he was once captured by the Navy. However
One_Piece_season_20
Unoxidized tea
support most health benefit claims, and excessive intake of green tea extracts can cause liver damage and other side effects. Tea consumption has its
Green_tea
auction theory, a profit extraction mechanism (also called profit extractor or revenue extractor) is a truthful mechanism whose goal is to win a pre-specified
Profit_extraction_mechanism
Russian engineer
Umans, Christopher; Vadhan, Salil (2009), "Unbalanced expanders and randomness extractors from Parvaresh-Vardy codes" (PDF), Journal of the ACM, 56 (4): Art
Alexander_Vardy
Term in finance
fluctuations. Another school of thought, behavioral finance, attributes non-randomness to investors' cognitive and emotional biases. This can be contrasted with
Share_price
Chemical compound
acid was discovered by Merck Research Laboratories in a random screening of natural extracts. Clavaric acid is a reversible farnesyltransferase inhibitor
Clavaric_acid
Species of raspberry
the reflux method, the ground powder is extracted using a Soxhlet extractor for three hours, with the extracts being filtered and concentrated using a
Rubus_coreanus
Probability Randomness, Pseudorandomness, Quasirandomness Randomization, hardware random number generator Random number generation Random sequence Uncertainty
List_of_probability_topics
Type of probability distribution
probability theory, a subgaussian distribution, the distribution of a subgaussian random variable, is a probability distribution with strong tail decay. More specifically
Sub-Gaussian_distribution
Random number generator
"Lava Lamp Random Number Generator". GitHub Gist. Retrieved August 20, 2025. "Totally Random". Wired. Vol. 11, no. 8. August 2003. "Randomness 101: LavaRand
Lavarand
German power tool manufacturer
Festool dust extractor with attached systainer
Festool
Fruit of the rose plant
commonly used in herbal tea, often blended with hibiscus. An oil is also extracted from the seeds. Rose hip soup, known as nyponsoppa in Swedish, is especially
Rose_hip
1997 studio album by Brian Eno
Extracts from Music for White Cube, London 1997 is the fifteenth solo studio album from British musician Brian Eno, released in 1997. The album is an Opal
Extracts from Music for White Cube, London 1997
Extracts_from_Music_for_White_Cube,_London_1997
Windows-platform based computer malware
models such as LightGBM, Random Forest, or XGBoost which base their predictions off the results of a feature extractor which extracts various features from
Dropper_(malware)
Season of television series
out the teams. The teams had 30 minutes to carefully remove the skin and extract the roe from as many fishes as possible; Ramsay inspected each one and
Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 3
Hell's_Kitchen_(American_TV_series)_season_3
First-person shooter by Bungie
Items collected during a match are permanently lost if the player fails to extract successfully, while items collected on successful extractions can be used
Marathon_(2026_video_game)
Online cooperative video game by Semiwork
R.E.P.O. (an acronym for Retrieve, Extract and Profit Operation) is an online cooperative survival horror video game developed and published by Swedish
R.E.P.O.
Probability interpretations Propensity probability Random number generator Random sequence Randomization Randomness Statistical dispersion Statistical regularity
Catalog of articles in probability theory
Catalog_of_articles_in_probability_theory
plural, "gesserint", forms.) It was from this phrase that Frank Herbert extracted the name for the Bene Gesserit sisterhood in the Dune novels. quantocius
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Protease commonly found in natto
Nattokinase (pronounced nah-TOH-kin-ayss) is an enzyme originally extracted from a Japanese food called nattō. Nattō is produced by fermentation by adding
Nattokinase
Season of television series
30 minutes to cook squid ink noodles with a soft boiled egg, including extracting the ink from the sac themselves. Miranda was given the option to save
MasterChef_Canada_season_4
Root of Glycyrrhiza glabra
family Fabaceae, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring is extracted. The liquorice plant is an herbaceous perennial legume native to West
Liquorice
Logic puzzle by Raymond Smullyan
single random selection which lasts for the duration of the session, Rabern and Rabern show that useful answers can be extracted even from Random; this
The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever
Erroneous AI-generated content
large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, may embed plausible-sounding random falsehoods within its generated content. Detecting and mitigating errors
Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)
memories, but a desperate, overwhelmed Scott instead performs a mind-meld to extract his memories himself. Corey is immensely disturbed by the process afterwards
List of Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) secondary characters
List_of_Teen_Wolf_(2011_TV_series)_secondary_characters
1968 U.S. war crime during the Vietnam War
Colonel Oran K. Henderson. Archived 24 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine; An extract from the official U.S. Army Peers Report into My Lai Massacre. University
My_Lai_massacre
Leaves of the olive tree
(December 2024). "Olive leaf extract effect on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials". Nutrition
Olive_leaf
Surgical instrument
predecessor of cervical tenaculum was a forceps bullet extractor – a common surgeon’s tool used to extract bullets on the battlefields. During the Civil War
Tenaculum
Active between the years of 2020 and 2029
sentence of life imprisonment Known as "The Psychopath of Meiggs"; Murdered random homeless people by stabbing them in November 2020. Harold Haulman Germany
List of serial killers active in the 2020s
List_of_serial_killers_active_in_the_2020s
Intelligence of machines
the network's inputs and outputs. The multiple layers can progressively extract higher-level features from the raw input. For example, in image processing
Artificial_intelligence
American economist (1926–2026)
(2007) Finance and Economics Discussion Series: Sources and Uses of Equity Extracted from Homes (2013) The Map and the Territory 2.0: Risk, Human Nature, and
Alan_Greenspan
Tranquilizer based with herbs Valerian, hops, peppermint & phenobarbital, a barbiturate
(Valeriana officinalis) root, as well as peppermint oil Mentha piperita and hop extract Humulus lupulus, popular in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
Corvalol
"Honouring an Oceanic Thinker: Vale Emeritus Professor Elspeth Probyn". Extracting the Ocean. 4 May 2025. Retrieved 17 October 2025. "Keith Windschuttle
2025_in_Australia
2024 animated anthology series
image so prominently on their social media account if it were "just some random actor" and not Reeves. In October 2024 Reeves's casting was officially revealed
Secret_Level
Pseudorandom number generator
resulting in outputs that pass randomness tests being generated after a long time, if the initial state is highly non-random. This happens particularly if
Mersenne_Twister
American actor (born 1956)
Cole at the Internet Off-Broadway Database (archived) The Onion A.V. Club Random Roles article Archived August 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine with Gary
Gary_Cole
2025 novel by Suzanne Collins
synopsis was revealed on NBC's The Today Show. On January 15, 2025, an extract from Chapter 1 was released in an article in People magazine. It reveals
Sunrise_on_the_Reaping
Probability distribution
random variables having two other known distributions. Given two statistically independent random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable
Distribution of the product of two random variables
Distribution_of_the_product_of_two_random_variables
Daddy, Jabberjaw, and Peter Potamus. When it comes to Cindy, she plans to extract Yakky's fear juice out with her fear sucker invention. 17 17 "Gotta Kiss
List_of_Jellystone!_episodes
Body that enters the Earth's atmosphere
arise when Earth passes through a stream of debris left by a comet, or as "random" or "sporadic" meteors, not associated with a specific stream of space debris
Meteor
Dietary supplement
Saw palmetto extract is an extract of the fruit of the saw palmetto. It is marketed as a dietary supplement that may help with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Saw_palmetto_extract
Measure of the joint variability
and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. The sign of the covariance shows the tendency in the linear relationship
Covariance
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for an extractor or seller of salt (a precious commodity in medieval times), from Middle English salt ‘salt’ + the agent suffix -er.English : occupational name for a player on the psaltery, a string instrument, Middle English, Old French saltere ‘psaltery’. (The Middle English word is derived from Latin psalterium, Greek psaltērion, from psallein ‘to sound’).North German form of Salzer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for an extractor or seller of oil, from a metathesized form of Anglo-Norman French olier (from oile ‘oil’, Latin oleum ‘(olive) oil’; compare Oliva). In northern England linseed oil obtained from locally grown flax was more common than olive oil.English : from the Continental Germanic personal name Odilard, Oilard, introduced by the Normans.Americanized spelling of German Euler or of Swabian Äuler, a topographic name for someone who lived by a water meadow, Äule, a diminutive of Au.
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
Girl/Female
Arabic
Lady
Boy/Male
African, Indian, Sanskrit
Clear Spoken Person; Ordered
Boy/Male
English
Seaman.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful
Male
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic name derived from the phrase giolla ChrÃost, GILCHRIST means "servant of Christ."
Boy/Male
Australian, Latin, Portuguese
Unconquered
Boy/Male
Australian, German
From the Well-farm
Girl/Female
German, Swedish
God's Promise; God is My Oath
Female
English
Pet form of English Katherine, KIT means "pure." Compare with masculine Kit.
Girl/Female
Indian
From the East; Cute
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
RANDOMNESS EXTRACTOR
n.
An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.
n.
A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.
n.
A forceps or instrument for extracting substances.
a.
Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom.
n.
One who, or that which, extracts