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Referendums have been held in Canada at the federal, provincial and city levels. National referendums are seldom used in Canada. The first two referendums
Referendums_in_Canada
Canadian provincial referendums
are Canadian citizens, aged 18 years or older, and an ordinary resident at the time of the vote. Seven provincially-led referendums have occurred in Alberta
2026_Alberta_referendums
Two referendums in Newfoundland, Canada
Newfoundland referendums of 1948 were two referendums that decided the political future of the Dominion of Newfoundland. Before the referendums, Newfoundland
1948_Newfoundland_referendums
Canadian provincial referendum
independence question of the 2026 Alberta referendum will be one of ten questions for the 2026 Alberta referendums, which will take place on October 19, 2026
2026 Alberta independence referendum
2026_Alberta_independence_referendum
districts of Canada Proportional representation in Canada Referendums in Canada Timeline of Canadian elections Voter turnout in Canada Longest Ballot
Elections_in_Canada
Referendum on creation of a Sikh state in India
Khalistan Referendum being held in UK cities today". www.radio.gov.pk. Retrieved 2024-04-01. "Over 200,000 Sikhs take part in Khalistan referendums". The
Khalistan_Referendum
Canadian federal agency in charge of elections and referendums
Elections Canada (French: Élections Canada) is the non-partisan agency responsible for administering Canadian federal elections and referendums. Elections
Elections_Canada
Plebiscite on Quebec's independence from Canada
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path
1980_Quebec_referendum
Historic vote on the independence of Quebec from Canada
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the predominantly French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should
1995_Quebec_referendum
three referendums in modern Portugal: abortion referendum of 1998 regionalisation referendum of 1998 abortion referendum of 2007 All three referendums had
Referendums_by_country
Series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada
Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992. It was submitted to a public referendum on October 26 and
Charlottetown_Accord
Direct vote on a specific proposal
requirements in its Code for Good Practice on Referendums Important referendums are frequently challenged in courts. In pre-referendum disputes, plaintiffs
Referendum
Country in North America
government in 1934 and become a Crown colony ruled by a British governor. After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province
Canada
Referendum on electoral reform in 2005
A referendum was held in the Canadian province of British Columbia on May 17, 2005, to determine whether or not to adopt the recommendation of the Citizens'
2005 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2005_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
Canadian provincial referendum on establishing mixed member proportional representation
Voice in Politics campaign to support MMP in the referendum. MMP was endorsed by the Ontario chapter of the Canadian Federation of Students and sixteen other
2007 Ontario electoral reform referendum
2007_Ontario_electoral_reform_referendum
Referendum on electoral reform in 2009
awareness for the referendum was at 44%. BC-STV, which provides succinct coverage of the BC-STV proposal and both the 2005 and 2009 referendums 2005 British
2009 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2009_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
Referendum in Canada
Act in 2021 whereby so many names on a petition could force the government to hold a referendum on a policy question. But the referendums held in 2021
2021_Alberta_referendum
Topics referred to by the same term
Quebec referendum may refer to one of the two referendums held solely in Quebec: 1980 Quebec referendum, the 1980 plebiscite to grant the Government of
Quebec_referendum
Canadian territorial election
run parallel to real elections, in which students not of voting age participate. They are administered by CIVIX Canada, in partnership with Elections Yukon
2025_Yukon_general_election
Referendum on British Columbia's voting system
defeated in a number of Canadian provinces (such as the 2005 and 2009 British Columbia referendums, the 2005 Prince Edward Island referendum, and the
2018 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2018_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
Historic alcohol ban in Canada
Prohibition in Canada was a ban on alcoholic beverages that arose in various stages, from local municipal bans in the late 19th century (extending to
Prohibition_in_Canada
Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Pope, Richard (1887). Return on the ... General Election for the House of Commons of Canada
1887 Canadian federal election
1887_Canadian_federal_election
A referendum on electoral reform was supposed to be held in the province of New Brunswick, Canada on May 12, 2008. The date was announced by Premier Bernard
2008 New Brunswick electoral reform referendum
2008_New_Brunswick_electoral_reform_referendum
held in Canada on 29 September 1898, the first national referendum in the country's history. The Liberal government had made an election promise in 1896
1898 Canadian prohibition plebiscite
1898_Canadian_prohibition_plebiscite
Canadian referendum on conscription during the Second World War
A plebiscite on conscription was held in Canada on 27 April 1942. It was held in response to the Conservative Party lobbying Prime Minister William Lyon
1942 Canadian conscription plebiscite
1942_Canadian_conscription_plebiscite
Montreal 2004 referendums Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (Elections Quebec) (how to interpret the numbers) "Quebec municipal referendums". Archived
2004 Quebec municipal referendums
2004_Quebec_municipal_referendums
small, especially in the 1987 and 2017 referendums. Below is the overview of all the referendums. Politics of Turkey Elections in Turkey Constitution
Referendums_in_Turkey
elections in Canada that will be held in 2026. Included are municipal, provincial and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party
2026 Canadian electoral calendar
2026_Canadian_electoral_calendar
Parliament for Lennox. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Pope, Richard (1883). Return on the
1882 Canadian federal election
1882_Canadian_federal_election
"no" cases, and results, for each referendum up to 1988. State and territory referendums "New South Wales Referendums". NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved
Referendums_in_Australia
direct democracy in Italy. The Constitution of Italy only provides for four types of legally binding referendums: A popular referendum, in which the electorate
Referendums_in_Italy
reached in a referendum. Similar referendums had previously been undertaken in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia in 1920, and in New Brunswick
1921 Ontario prohibition referendum
1921_Ontario_prohibition_referendum
Canadian provincial referendum
A referendum on electoral reform was held on April 23, 2019, in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island – simultaneously with the 2019 provincial
2019 Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum
2019_Prince_Edward_Island_electoral_reform_referendum
Referendum to decide whether a territory should become an independent country
the independence referendum can be held with its result binding, and respected by the international community. Independence referendums can be held without
Independence_referendum
Referendums in the United Kingdom are occasionally held at a national, regional or local level. Historically national referendums that cover the whole
Referendums in the United Kingdom
Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom
list of elections in Canada in 1998. Included are provincial, municipal and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership
1998 Canadian electoral calendar
1998_Canadian_electoral_calendar
Canadian provincial referendum
A non-binding referendum on electoral reform was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island between 27 October – 7 November 2016. This was
2016 Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum
2016_Prince_Edward_Island_electoral_reform_referendum
Top-level subdivisions of Canada
Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In
Provinces and territories of Canada
Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada
How referendums are held in Taiwan
Referendums in Taiwan at both the national and local level are governed by the Referendum Act of Taiwan, which was enacted by the Legislative Yuan in
Referendums_in_Taiwan
Canadian plebiscite on Prohibition
Canadian liquor plebiscites, held in 1920 under the Canada Temperance Act and the Dominion Elections Act, were referendums on the strengthening of the
1920 Canadian liquor plebiscites
1920_Canadian_liquor_plebiscites
widely described as sham referendums by commentators and denounced by various countries. The validity of the results of the referendums has only been accepted
2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine
2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine
List of elections in Canada in 1995
list of elections in Canada in 1995. Included are provincial, municipal and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership
1995 Canadian electoral calendar
1995_Canadian_electoral_calendar
Ontario, Canada referendum
A referendum was held in Ontario, Canada on October 20, 1919 (in conjunction with the 15th provincial election) on the legality of alcoholic beverages
1919 Ontario prohibition referendum
1919_Ontario_prohibition_referendum
Canadian provincial referendum
A referendum was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on November 28, 2005, to determine whether to adopt the Mixed Member Proportional
2005 Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum
2005_Prince_Edward_Island_electoral_reform_referendum
Referendums (or referenda) are held only occasionally by the Government of New Zealand. Referendums may be government-initiated or held in accordance with
Referendums_in_New_Zealand
Electronic Voting System
Traditionally, e-referendums are organised by governmental bodies, but nowadays, there exist private companies that can facilitate online referendums or other
Electronic_referendum
Advocacy for Alberta seceding from Canada
challenge to the proposed referendum on separation from Canada was addressed by Alberta Justice Shaina Leonard who on May 13, 2026, ruled in favour of several
Alberta_separatism
Canadian territorial referendum
in a referendum in May 1992. J. Patrick Boyer (1996) Direct Democracy in Canada: The History and Future of Referendums, Dundurn, p260 Nunavut (Canada)
1992 Nunavut creation referendum
1992_Nunavut_creation_referendum
Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada Online. Elections Canada. Archived from the original on September 28, 2010
2011 Canadian federal election
2011_Canadian_federal_election
regional referendums in case of restructuring the states. On the state level, all states have various types of statewide and municipal referendums. The German
Referendums_in_Germany
to sales of alcohol in a government monopoly of liquor outlets and created the Nova Scotia Liquor Commission on May 1, 1930. In August 1927, Premier
1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum
1929_Nova_Scotia_Government_Control_of_Liquor_referendum
Form of plebiscite
contrast to an optional referendum, which comes from either by public or legislative request. The actions that require mandatory referendums are set by law and
Mandatory_referendum
Ontario, Canada referendum
majority vote. The referendum upheld prohibition, albeit by the narrowest majority of all of Ontario's prohibition referendums; in 1927, prohibition would
1924 Ontario prohibition referendum
1924_Ontario_prohibition_referendum
Columbia sales tax referendum). Politics of British Columbia Referendums in Canada William Aberhart, the first politician in Canada ever to be subject
1991 British Columbia recall and initiative referendum
1991_British_Columbia_recall_and_initiative_referendum
Public votes on proposed changes to the flag of New Zealand
referendums were held by the New Zealand Government in November/December 2015 and March 2016 to determine the nation's flag. In the first referendum,
2015–2016 New Zealand flag referendums
2015–2016_New_Zealand_flag_referendums
Referendum approving 100% a reduction of the army and military spending
the Romanian armed forces. Romanian law had not previously allowed for referendums, Romanian reference material at the time referring to them as "suspicious
1986 Romanian military referendum
1986_Romanian_military_referendum
Liberals Canada portal Politics portal List of Canadian federal general elections "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved
1874 Canadian federal election
1874_Canadian_federal_election
Two referendums were held in British Columbia on September 14, 1916, alongside the 1916 general election. In them, the majority of voters approved Acts
1916 British Columbia referendum
1916_British_Columbia_referendum
Bilateral relations
Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). In 2013, Canada sent election observers during the Falkland Islands sovereignty referendum. Canada's official position
Argentina–Canada_relations
Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. The United Farmers of Alberta, which at the time formed the government in that province
1930 Canadian federal election
1930_Canadian_federal_election
Parliament for Wright. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Garner, J. W. (1904). "Record of
1904 Canadian federal election
1904_Canadian_federal_election
Referendum held in Scotland
had received calling for such referendums, which was supported by Shetland MSP Tavish Scott. The proposed referendums would have asked islanders to choose
2014 Scottish independence referendum
2014_Scottish_independence_referendum
Independent List of Canadian federal general elections 4th Canadian Parliament "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved
1878 Canadian federal election
1878_Canadian_federal_election
Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2014. Blakely, Arthur (August
1958 Canadian federal election
1958_Canadian_federal_election
Canadian Parliament "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Piva, Michael J. (1979). "The Toronto
1900 Canadian federal election
1900_Canadian_federal_election
Electoral reform nonprofit organization
Reform (Ontario) Electoral reform in Canada Elections in Canada Referendums in Canada "Contact Us!". Fair Vote Canada. Retrieved March 15, 2022. Lupton
Fair_Vote_Canada
2009–2010 unofficial referendum on the independence of Tamil Eelam from Sri Lanka
of independence, the results of the referendums were not recognized by the Government of Sri Lanka. The referendums, although organised by Tamil groups
2009–2010 Tamil Eelam independence referendums
2009–2010_Tamil_Eelam_independence_referendums
elections in Quebec were held on November 2, 2025. Under the Act respecting elections and referendums in municipalities, municipal general elections in all
2025 Quebec municipal elections
2025_Quebec_municipal_elections
Laurier also ran in Richmond—Wolfe, where he was defeated. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10
1891 Canadian federal election
1891_Canadian_federal_election
There have been several referendums in the history of Poland. There were no country-wide referendums, as this was neither mentioned in the March Constitution
Referendums_in_Poland
US-based Sikh separatist group
Pakistan in its creation. The referendum in Canada began on 19 September 2022, with the first phase held in Brampton. The second phase took place in Mississauga
Sikhs_for_Justice
A referendum on a new constitution was held in Guinea on 21 September 2025, to determine whether to replace the existing constitution introduced in 2020
2025 Guinean constitutional referendum
2025_Guinean_constitutional_referendum
Canadian provincial referendum on gambling
provincial voters, cast referendum ballots" As of 2025, this is the most recent referendum in New Brunswick. According to the Canada West Foundation, New
2001 New Brunswick video lottery terminal referendum
2001_New_Brunswick_video_lottery_terminal_referendum
In the Netherlands, seven national referendums have been held between 1797 and 2018. Since 2018, there is no longer a legal basis for referendums. The
Referendums in the Netherlands
Referendums_in_the_Netherlands
equal Senate and more plebiscites and referendums in the political process, was very popular in Western Canada. In addition, Reform's backing of smaller
1993 Canadian federal election
1993_Canadian_federal_election
2000 Canadian law on seccession
establish the conditions which would apply to a referendum regarding the separation of Quebec from Canada, but it did not proceed further than the first
Clarity_Act
referendums in Lithuania since it declared independence from the Soviet Union on 11 March 1990. Because of strict requirements, only four referendums
Referendums_in_Lithuania
Component of Canadian energy infrastructure
Pipelines in Canada are important components of energy infrastructure in Canada as the majority of natural gas and oil reserves are located in landlocked
Pipelines_in_Canada
Proposals to admit a new state into the United States
movements in Washington, D.C., and in Puerto Rico, both voted for statehood in recent referendums: D.C. in 2016 and Puerto Rico in 2020. Their admission to the
51st_state
Canadian federal election supervisor
officer of Canada (French: Directeur général des élections du Canada) is the person responsible for the administration of elections, referendums and other
Chief Electoral Officer of Canada
Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Canada
Referendum
marriage in referendums". BBC. 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2024-03-09. Voters in Taiwan have rejected legalising same-sex marriages in a series of referendums on
2018_Taiwanese_referendum
parties' candidates in this election: Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved February
2000 Canadian federal election
2000_Canadian_federal_election
expenditure will most likely not be approved by the citizens in referendums, and referendums are associated with significantly lower public expenditure
Financial_referendum
Referendums in Ukraine, according to the Ukrainian Constitution, are one of the lawful forms of expression of people's will. Referendums are organized
Referendums_in_Ukraine
Parliament for Durham West. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Parliamentary Guide 1977, p. 380-381
1872 Canadian federal election
1872_Canadian_federal_election
elections in Canada that were held in 2004. Included are municipal, provincial and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party
2004 Canadian electoral calendar
2004_Canadian_electoral_calendar
a referendum ..." However, the ways of implementing the various referendums and discussions provided for in the current constitution France as in many
Referendums_in_France
Hypothetical referendum on whether to wage a war
A war referendum is a proposed type of referendum in which citizens would decide whether a nation should go to war. No such referendum has ever taken place
War_referendum
Conservative Rhinoceros "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. 21 November 1988. Archived from the original on September 4
1988 Canadian federal election
1988_Canadian_federal_election
Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. "CPC centenary: Communists in the parliamentary arena, an indispensable
1940 Canadian federal election
1940_Canadian_federal_election
Proportional multi-winner electoral system in Canada
contemporary PR referendums have failed in Canada. In late 2025, Premier David Eby (NDP) stated he had no interest in pursuing PR in British Columbia
Proportional representation in Canada
Proportional_representation_in_Canada
The following is a list of events of the year 2026 in Canada, as well as events that are scheduled or predicted to take place during the year. Monarch
2026_in_Canada
Disputed referendum on decision whether to join Russia or remain in Ukraine
Russian-occupied Ukraine 2014 Donbas status referendums 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states Russian irredentism 1991
2014 Crimean status referendum
2014_Crimean_status_referendum
Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019. Reid, Escott (1936). "The Canadian Election of 1935—and After".
1935 Canadian federal election
1935_Canadian_federal_election
notable elections in Canada in 2002. Included are provincial, municipal and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership
2002 Canadian electoral calendar
2002_Canadian_electoral_calendar
Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2014. "Lipad - February 5, 1963 - Browse the Canadian House of Commons"
1963 Canadian federal election
1963_Canadian_federal_election
Type of Swiss popular vote opposing or requesting the introduction of a new law
referendum. There are a few major types of optional referendums: Authorities plebiscite: A referendum that is voluntarily placed on the ballot by a governmental
Optional_referendum
Referendums in Kenya are polls held in Kenya on particular issues. 2005 2010 2021 Referendum "Kenya: Referendum new sticking point in BBI constitutional
Referendums_in_Kenya
1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum 2014 Donbas status referendums 2014 Crimean status referendum Russo-Ukrainian War (2014 – present) Dieter
1991 Ukrainian independence referendum
1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum
The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 4, 1944. (Only property owners could vote in the referendums) (4 elected) (2 elected from
1944 Ottawa municipal election
1944_Ottawa_municipal_election
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA
REFERENDUMS IN-CANADA