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Exchange of gases between environment and tissues
In physiology, respiration is a biological process that facilitates the transport of oxygen from the outside environment to bodily tissues (through inhalation)
Respiration_(physiology)
Biological system in animals and plants for gas exchange
"The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange organs". Respiration Physiology. 121 (1): 1–12. doi:10
Respiratory_system
Subdiscipline of botany
physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements
Plant_physiology
Abnormal breathing pattern
Cheyne–Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual
Cheyne–Stokes_respiration
Topics referred to by the same term
required for an organism to maintain itself in a constant state Respiration (physiology), transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the
Respiration
Emergent abnormal pattern of breathing
exclusively in medicine to denote the physiologic dynamics of a person just prior to or at the time of death. Agonal respiration occurs in 40% of cardiac arrests
Agonal_respiration
Scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish
ISBN 0-8053-1800-3. Hughes GM (1972). "Morphometrics of fish gills". Respiration Physiology. 14 (1–2): 1–25. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90014-x. PMID 5042155
Fish_physiology
Family of salamanders
blood of a lungless and gill-less salamander, Desmognathus fuscus". Respiration Physiology. 20 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90016-4. PMID 4821655.
Plethodontidae
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine
Cellular_respiration
Brain region controlling respiration
generating and maintaining the rhythm of respiration, and also of adjusting this in homeostatic response to physiological changes. The respiratory center receives
Respiratory_center
Process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water
Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water
Aquatic_respiration
Muscles involved in breathing
The muscles of respiration are the muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity
Muscles_of_respiration
Science regarding functions in organisms or living systems
and molecular biology. Fundamental processes of plant physiology include photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism
Physiology
Abnormal pattern of breathing (also known as Biot's respirations)
Ataxic respirations, also known as Biot's respirations or Biot's breathing, is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by variable tidal volume
Ataxic_respiration
Order of flying mammals
and organ weights of small bats and small non-flying mammals". Respiration Physiology. 45 (3): 243–260. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(81)90009-8. PMID 7330485
Bat
Fish that can leave water for periods of time
air and water and the ventilation pattern in the electric eel". Respiration Physiology. 9 (2): 151–161. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(70)90067-8. PMID 5445180
Amphibious_fish
Adaptations of marine vertebrates to diving
otter lungs". Respiration Physiology. 17 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(73)90105-9. PMID 4688284. Costa, D. P. (2007). "Diving physiology of marine vertebrates"
Physiology of underwater diving
Physiology_of_underwater_diving
Organ that smells and facilitates breathing
nostrils, or nares, a pair of tubes providing airflow through the nose for respiration. Where the nostrils pass through the nasal cavity they widen, are known
Nose
Species of snake
2026-06-11. Graham, J. B. (1974-07-01). "Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus". Respiration Physiology. 21 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90002-4
Yellow-bellied_sea_snake
systemic physiological responses (respiration, blood flow, endocrine secretions, and others); fatigue and exhaustion; muscle and body training; physiology of
Exercise_physiology
Respiration using gas exchange in the enteral system
Enteral respiration, also referred to as cloacal respiration or intestinal respiration, is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the
Enteral_respiration
Breathing control
movement of air into and out of the lungs. Ventilation facilitates respiration. Term respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon
Control_of_ventilation
Process by which gases diffuse through a biological membrane
H (1971). "Concepts and basic quantities in gas exchange physiology". Respiration Physiology. 13 (3): 292–304. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(71)90034-x. PMID 5158848
Gas_exchange
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
(1972). "Neural and mechanical mechanisms of feline purring". Respiration Physiology. 16 (3): 351–361. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90064-3. PMID 4644061
Cat
Medical condition due to rapid exposure to low oxygen at high altitude
enrichment of room air to relieve the hypoxia of high altitude". Respiration Physiology. 99 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(94)00094-G. PMID 7777705
Altitude_sickness
Fluttering vocalization
December 1972). "Neural and mechanical mechanisms of feline purring". Respiration Physiology. 16 (3): 351–361. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90064-3. ISSN 0034-5687
Purr
Community respiration (CR) refers to the total amount of carbon-dioxide that is produced by individuals organisms in a given community, originating from
Community_respiration
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists
List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
Physiology of the common raven
distribution, and their physiology varies with this versatility. This article discusses its physiology, including its homeostasis, respiration, circulatory system
Common_raven_physiology
cardiopulmonary parameters between the pronghorn and the goat". Respiration Physiology. 21 (3): 365–370. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90066-8. ISSN 0034-5687
Fastest_animals
Species of amphibian
in two aquatic salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means". Respiration Physiology. 49 (2): 141–58. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(82)90070-6. PMID 6815749
Greater_siren
Species of North American hoofed mammal
cardiopulmonary parameters between the pronghorn and the goat". Respiration Physiology. 21 (3): 365–370. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90066-8. ISSN 0034-5687
Pronghorn
Pharmaceutical drug
"Morphological and physical basis for lung surfactant action". Respiration Physiology. 27 (3): 379–92. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90066-9. PMID 989610.
Ambroxol
Response of fish to environmental hypoxia
partitioning of bimodal respiration in the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A, 158 (2): 207–214, doi:10
Hypoxia_in_fish
Species of bird
Progressive Hypoxia in High-altitude and Sea-level Waterfowl". Respiration Physiology. 39 (2): 217–239. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(80)90046-8. PMID 7375742
Bar-headed_goose
Part of the respiratory system of birds
reptilian lungs: implications for the dinosaur-avian connection". Respiration Physiology. 117 (2–3): 73–83. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(99)00060-2. PMID 10563436
Air_sac
Process of moving air in and out of the lungs
oxygen for cellular respiration, which extracts energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. External respiration (breathing) brings
Breathing
Influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of human divers
system – Brain and spinal cord Ear – Organ of hearing and balance Respiration (physiology) – Exchange of gases between environment and tissues Blood–air
Human physiology of underwater diving
Human_physiology_of_underwater_diving
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes
Soil_respiration
Species of amphibian
in two aquatic salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means". Respiration Physiology. 49 (2): 141–58. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(82)90070-6. PMID 6815749
Two-toed_amphiuma
Scientific study of the nervous system
functions, and its disorders. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology
Neuroscience
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood
(August 1996). "VA/Q abnormalities during gram negative sepsis". Respiration Physiology. 105 (1–2): 109–121. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(96)00039-4. PMID 8897657
Hypoxemia
Elimination of metabolic waste products by an organism
technology. Defecation Homeostasis Human excreta Osmoregulation Respiration (physiology) Sanitation Urination Wikimedia Commons has media related to Excretion
Excretion
French nobleman and chemist (1743–1794)
to extend his new theory of combustion to include the area of respiration physiology. His first memoirs on this topic were read to the Academy of Sciences
Antoine_Lavoisier
Assisted breathing to support life
ventilation, also called artificial respiration, is a means of assisting or stimulating respiration. Respiration is the overall metabolic process that
Artificial_ventilation
Number of breaths per unit time
used for monitoring patients during a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, or other medical conditions.
Respiratory_rate
Physical exercise intense enough to cause lactate formation
December 1999). "The energetics of anaerobic muscle metabolism" (PDF). Respiration Physiology. 118 (2–3): 103–115. doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(99)00083-3. hdl:11379/540541
Anaerobic_exercise
Species of amphibian
Respiratory adaptations in the Lake Titicaca frog, Telmatobius culeus". Respiration Physiology. 27 (1): 115–129. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90022-0. PMID 9678. Hutchison
Telmatobius_culeus
Fourth stage of death
mortis can occur as soon as four hours after death. After death, aerobic respiration in an organism ceases, depleting the source of oxygen used in the making
Rigor_mortis
Biological process
"Facilitated diffusion of oxygen and its possible significance; a review". Respiration Physiology. 9 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(70)90002-2. ISSN 0034-5687.
Facilitated_diffusion
Relationship between respiratory and cardiovascular processes
alveolar organization, and alveolar capillaries contribute to the physiological mechanism of ventilation and perfusion. Ventilation–perfusion coupling
Ventilation–perfusion coupling
Ventilation–perfusion_coupling
Inhaled air volume not involved in gas exchange
in Handbook of Physiology. Section 3: Respiration. Vol 1. Wallace O. Fenn and Hermann Rahn (eds). Washington: American Physiological Society. John B
Dead_space_(physiology)
Simplest of the alpha-keto acids
cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking
Pyruvic_acid
Study of production, transmission and perception of speech
sounding together at slightly different frequencies. Larynx Phonation Respiration (physiology) Speech Speech and language pathology Speech perception Vocal tract
Speech_science
reptilian lungs: implications for the dinosaur–avian connection". Respiration Physiology. 117 (2–3): 73–83. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(99)00060-2. PMID 10563436
Physiology_of_dinosaurs
Medical diagnostic method
PMID 28867989. Farhi, L.E. (1967). "Elimination of inert gas by the lung". Respiration Physiology. 3 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(67)90018-7. PMID 6059100. Einoch
Breath_gas_analysis
Non-profit professional society for physiologists
Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Neural Control and Autonomic Regulation, Renal Physiology, Respiration, Teaching of Physiology and Water and Electrolyte
American Physiological Society
American_Physiological_Society
Species of amphibian
respiratory properties of the caecilian Boulengerula taitanus". Respiration Physiology. 24 (3): 355–363. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(75)90024-9. PMID 242053
Boulengerula_taitana
Stage of crop production immediately after harvest
tissue respiration. This insight allowed scientists to bring to bear their knowledge of the fundamental principles and mechanisms of respiration, leading
Postharvest
Posterior opening in zoology
species have modified cloacae for increased gas exchange (see reptile respiration and reptile reproduction). This is where reproductive activity occurs
Cloaca
Species of cephalopod
varieties of environmental temperatures. Respiration rate in octopods is temperature-sensitive – respiration increases with temperature. Its oxygen consumption
Common_octopus
Physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems
Insect physiology includes the physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems. Although diverse, insects are quite similar in overall design, internally
Insect_physiology
cellular respiration, a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of ATP. One example of cellular respiration creating
Cellular_waste_product
Inspirational organ of most cartilaginous fish
Acipenser transmontanus: unusual adaptations for bottom dwelling". Respiration Physiology. 34 (2): 153–170. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(78)90025-7. ISSN 0034-5687
Spiracle_(vertebrates)
Approximate power law relating animal metabolic rate to mass
75 mass exponent of Kleiber's equation a statistical artifact?". Respiration Physiology. 48 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(82)90046-9. ISSN 0034-5687
Kleiber's_law
Flow of the respiratory current out of an organism
lungs. Exhaled air is 4% carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration during the production of energy, which is stored as ATP. Exhalation has
Exhalation
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
(2010). "In vivo measurement of plant respiration". In Taiz L, Zeiger E (eds.). A Companion to Plant Physiology (5th ed.). hdl:10779/uow.27696597. Long
Photosynthesis
Vocal organ of birds
"Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: trachea". Respiration Physiology. 3 (2): 616–630. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(67)90002-3. PMID 6058337
Syrinx_(bird_anatomy)
Respiration of oxygen-rich liquid by a normally air-breathing organism
Liquid breathing is a form of respiration in which a normally air-breathing organism breathes an oxygen-rich liquid which is capable of CO2 gas exchange
Liquid_breathing
Sensory receptor type
"An overview of the anatomy and physiology of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors". Respiration Physiology. 125: 17–31. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00202-4
Stretch_receptor
French physiologist
sur la respiration de l'homme, 1864 – Physical research on respiration in humans. Manuel de physique médicale, 1869 – Manual of medical physiology. Absorption
Nestor_Gréhant
Chemical compound (polypeptide neurotransmitter)
(Sep 1995). "Neurotransmitters in the CNS control of breathing". Respiration Physiology. 101 (3): 219–30. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(95)00045-F. PMID 8606995
Substance_P
Effect of CO₂ on the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin
strenuous activity, they require large amounts of oxygen to conduct cellular respiration, which generates CO2 (and therefore HCO3− and H+) as byproducts. These
Bohr_effect
Abnormally rapid and shallow breathing
breathing an increased volume of air, with or without an increase in respiration rate. Others give another classification: tachypnea is as any rapid breathing
Tachypnea
replication bubble – repressor – reproduction – reproductive system – respiration (physiology) – restriction enzyme – retrovirus – reverse genetics – RFLP –
Index_of_biology_articles
Species of fish
(December 1967). "Lung and Gill ventilation of the African Lung Fish". Respiration Physiology. 3 (3): 267–287. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(67)90058-8. PMID 6083202
Gilled_lungfish
Plants interaction to environment
sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology. Botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to
Plant_perception_(physiology)
Aspect of homeostasis concerning control of the amount of water in an organism
respiration (cellular respiration) and dehydration synthesis. A constant supply is needed to replenish the fluids lost through normal physiological activities
Fluid_balance
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
Jr JH (1965). "Transport and elimination of carbon dioxide". Physiology of Respiration (1971 ed.). Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers. p. 176
Red_blood_cell
Species of reptile
(2000). "The physiology of hibernation among painted turtles: the midland painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata)". Respiration Physiology. 124 (1): 43–50
Painted_turtle
Body fluid in the circulatory system
(3): 317-346.[2] Andrés Pelavski. 2014. "Physiology in Plato's Timaeus: Irrigation, Digestion, and Respiration" The Cambridge Classical Journal 60: 61-74
Blood
Respiratory sensory receptors
chemoreceptors are the primary generator of regulatory feedback information for respiration while blood gas levels are around normal. Peripheral chemoreceptors meanwhile
Central_chemoreceptor
"Regulation of Respiration". Textbook of Medical Physiology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4574-8. Ganong (2016). "Regulation of Respiration". Review of
Juxtacapillary_receptors
Primary organ of the respiratory system
from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals
Lung
Refers to the pressure within the pleural cavity
Medical Physiology (14th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8. Blom, p. 7 Books Blom, J. A. (2004). Monitoring of Respiration and
Intrapleural_pressure
phase, the flutter phase, and the open phase. Until recently, insect respiration was believed to occur entirely by simple diffusion. It was believed that
Discontinuous_gas_exchange
purposes of respiration physiology. I have no doubt that there is quite a number of animals which are similarly "created" for special physiological purposes
Krogh's_principle
"The discovery of serum against anthrax" "Work on the physiology of the heart and respiration, ecpecially considering hemocyanine" "The discovery of
List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1930–1939)
List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_(1930–1939)
Biological system by which a horse circulates air for the purpose of gaseous exchange
humidity can raise the respiration rate considerably, especially if the horse has a dark coat and is in the sun. The respiration will often change if the
Respiratory system of the horse
Respiratory_system_of_the_horse
inoculation against malaria" "Work in the field of physiology (electrotonus, reflexes, respiration), and especially his work on metabolism" "Research
List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1901–1909)
List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_(1901–1909)
Spanish missionary and writer (d. 1600)
description of mountain sickness: the Andean or Pariacaca story". Respiration Physiology. 52 (3): 327–347. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(83)90089-0. ISSN 0034-5687
José_de_Acosta
Increased volume of air taken during breathing
hyperpnoea (forced respiration), is increased volume of air taken during breathing. It can occur with or without an increase in respiration rate. It is characterized
Hyperpnea
1944–1945 US medical experiment
conducting the physical performance, respiration and postural tests. He joined the faculty at the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, where he held a joint
Minnesota Starvation Experiment
Minnesota_Starvation_Experiment
Aspect of lactate metabolism
could give rise to fatigue and muscle pain during times of anaerobic respiration. Lactate was essentially payment for 'oxygen debt' defined by Hill and
Lactate_shuttle_hypothesis
Nasal inhalation to sample odors
particularly that of odors, was linked with respiration - establishing the integral nature of sniffing for the physiological processing of odors. About 20 years
Sniffing_(behavior)
Study of cell activity
Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive. The term physiology refers to normal functions in
Cell_physiology
Seasonal movement of sea turtles
"Ventilation, gas exchange and metabolic scaling of a sea turtle". Respiration Physiology. 27 (3): 369–377. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90065-7. PMID 973053
Sea_turtle_migration
Study of neural function
Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience concerned with the functions of the nervous system and their mechanisms. The term neurophysiology
Neurophysiology
Air pressure inside lung alveoli
alveolar pressure change amounts to only about Δ1 cmH2O or so during normal respiration, it may be many times greaters in subjects with airway obstruction. Alveolar
Alveolar_pressure
Activity of the vagus nerve
De Burgh Daly M (1985), "Interactions Between Respiration and Circulation", Comprehensive Physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 529–594, doi:10.1002/cphy
Vagal_tone
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